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{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Gurung
| image = Tamu-lhosar-0714.jpg
| caption = Gurung [[Ghatu (dance)|Ghatu Dance]] in Tamu Lhosar festival
| population = 522,641
| popplace =
| languages = [[Gurung language|Gurung (Tamu kyi, Manangi, Mustangi, Loki)]], [[Seke language (Nepal)|Seke]]
| religions = [[Buddhism]], [[Bon]], [[Hinduism]]
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| related_groups = [[Tamang people|Tamang]], [[Thakali people|Thakali]] and [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]]
}}

'''Gurung''' (exonym; {{Lang-ne|गुरुङ}}) or '''Tamu''' (endonym; [[Gurung language|Gurung]]: {{Lang|gvr|ཏམུ}}) are an ethnic group indigenous to the hills and mountains of [[Gandaki Province]] of [[Nepal]].<ref>Ragsdale, T.A. (1990). "Gurungs, Goorkhalis, Gurkhas: speculations on a Nepalese ethno-history" (PDF). ''Contributions to Nepalese Studies''. '''17''' (1): 1–24.</ref> Gurung people predominantly live around the [[Annapurna|Annapurna region]] in [[Manang]], [[Mustang District|Mustang]], [[Dolpo]], [[Kaski District|Kaski]], [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]], [[Gorkha District|Gorkha]], [[Parbat District|Parbat]] and [[Syangja District|Syangja]] districts of Nepal. They are one of the main [[Gurkha]] tribes.

They are also scattered across India in [[Sikkim]], [[Assam]], [[Delhi]], [[West Bengal]] ([[Darjeeling|Darjeeling area]]) and other regions with a predominant Nepali diaspora population.<ref>Central Bureau of Statistics (2012). ''National Population and Housing Census 2011'' (PDF). Kathmandu: Government of Nepal</ref> They speak the Sino-Tibetan [[Gurung language]] and practice [[Bon]] religion alongside [[Tibetan Buddhism]] and [[Hinduism]].

== Gurung caste ==
The Tibetan societies from which the Gurungs came had no caste system and within themselves. Yet for several centuries the Gurungs and other hill peoples have been mixing with the caste cultures of Aryan and they have been influenced by them in various ways. As a result, Gurung caste system has been fragmented into two parts: the four-caste (''Songhi/ Char-jat'') and sixteen-caste (''Kuhgi/ Sora-jat'') systems. Within there are more than thirty named clans.<ref>Macfarlane, Resources and Population. A Study of the Gurungs of Nepal (1976, 2nd edn., 2003, Ratna Pustak, Kathmandu).</ref>

== Geographical distribution ==
[[File:Nepál - z výstavního souboru Manang (1979).jpg|thumb|Manang ]]
At the time of the [[2011 Nepal census]], 522,641 people (2.0% of the population of Nepal) identified as Gurung. The frequency of the Gurung people was higher than national average in the following districts: [[Manang District, Nepal|Manang]] (52.4%), [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]] (31.3%), [[Mustang District|Mustang]] (21.4%), [[Gorkha District|Gorkha]] (16.7%), [[Kaski District|Kaski]] (16.6%), [[Tanahun District|Tanahun]] (11.5%), [[Syangja District|Syangja]] (9.0%), [[Dolpa District|Dolpa]] (7.1%), [[Chitwan District|Chitwan]] (6.8%), [[Dhading District|Dhading]] (5.5%), [[Sankhuwasabha District|Sankhuwasabha]] (5.4%), [[Taplejung District|Taplejung]] (4.6%), [[Parbat District|Parbat]] (3.7%), [[Rasuwa District|Rasuwa]] (3.1%), [[Tehrathum District|Tehrathum]] (2.9%), [[Ilam District|Ilam]] (2.9%), [[Kathmandu District|Kathmandu]] (2.6%), [[Nawalparasi District|Nawalparasi]] (2.4%) and [[Rupandehi District|Rupandehi]] (2.0%).<ref>[https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf 2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables]</ref>

==Religion==
The Gurung Dharma include Bon Lam (Lama), Ghyabri (Ghyabring) and Pachyu (Paju).<ref name="Fuehrer">{{cite book |last=von Fürer-Haimendorf |first=Christoph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRSOnRfPAq0C&pg=PA137 |title=Tribal populations and cultures of the Christianity from Thai |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=1985 |isbn=90-04-07120-2 |volume=2 |pages=137–8 |author-link=Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf |access-date=2011-04-02 |issue=7}}</ref> Lamas perform Buddhist rituals as needed, such as in birth, funeral, other family rituals (such as in Domang, Tharchang) and in Lhosar. Lamas perform Buddhist ceremonies primarily in Manang, Mustang, and elsewhere. Some Gurung villages have kept remnants of a pre-Buddhist form of the ‘Bon' religion, which flourished over two thousand years ago across much of Tibet and Western China. They've also kept aspects of an even older shamanic belief system that served as a counter to the Bon religion.<ref>''Macfarlane, A. 1976. Resources and Population: A Study of the Gurungs of Nepa1. New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press Cambridge, London''.</ref>
==See also==
* [[Gurung language]]
* [[Gurung (surname)]], a surname of many Gurung people

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurung}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book
|title= Nepal, the Living Heritage: Environment and Culture
|author = P. T. Sherpa Kerung, Susan Höivik
|year = 2002
|publisher = Kathmandu Environmental Education Project
|location = University of Michigan}}
*{{cite book
|title= The Land of the Gurkhas, or, The Himalayan Kingdom of Nepal
|author = William Brook Northey
|year = 1998
|publisher = Asian Educational Services
|isbn = 81-206-1329-5}}
*{{cite book
|title= The Gurungs, Thunder of Himal: A Cross Cultural Study of a Nepalese Ethnic Group
|author = Murārīprasāda Regmī
|year = 1990
|publisher = Nirala Publications
|location = University of Michigan}}

==External links==

* {{cite web |url=http://www.nepaldemocracy.org/ethnicity/ethnic_demography.htm |title=Ethnic Demography of Nepal |date=1996-01-10 |first=Harka |last=Gurung |publisher=Nepal Democracy |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417205943/http://www.nepaldemocracy.org/ethnicity/ethnic_demography.htm |archive-date=2011-04-17 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9038573 |title=Gurung |encyclopedia=Britannica Student Encyclopedia online |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=2011-04-03}}

{{Ethnic groups in Nepal|Dotyalis=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doteli}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist communities of Nepal]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]
[[Category:Gurkhas]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Nepal]]
[[Category:Social groups of Nepal]]
[[Category:Buddhist communities of India]]

Gurung people - Revision history

Bot at 13:19, 30 November 2022