CleanupBot II at 23:57, 13 August 2023

2023-08-13T23:57:53Z

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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
|name = HPT-32
|image = File:HAL Deepak.jpg
|caption =
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type = [[Primary trainer]]
|manufacturer = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]
|designer =
|first flight =6 January 1977<ref name="Taylor96" />
|introduced =
|retired =
|produced =
|number built =
|status =
|primary user = [[Indian Air Force]]
|more users =
|developed from =
|variants with their own articles =
}}
|}

The '''HAL HPT-32 Deepak''' ("lamp" in [[Sanskrit]]) is an Indian prop-driven [[primary trainer]] manufactured by [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]. It has two seats in [[side-by-side configuration]].

==Operational history==
The Deepak is used for primary training, observation, liaison and target towing.

When it flies upside-down fuel flows from a collector tank in the fuselage and the inverted flight is limited to 1 min. Deepak has a theoretical [[glide ratio]] of 8.5:1. The IAF and HAL are looking into new safety systems such as [[Ballistic Recovery Systems]] to enable it to descend safely in the event of an engine failure. On 16 May 2010 the IAF cleared the installation of a parachute recovery system.<ref name=iafrev>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article431223.ece|title=IAF gives nod for HPT-32 revival|work=The Hindu|date=May 16, 2010 | access-date=May 17, 2022}}</ref> The HPT-32 aircraft has been replaced by the [[Pilatus PC-7|Pilatus PC-7 Mk II]] in the IAF, as its workhorse as a Basic Trainer Aircraft (BTA) in 2013.

==Accidents==

In 17 Deepak crashes so far, 19 pilots have died.<ref name="business-standard.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/scrabbling-for-solutions/390823/|title = Scrabbling for solutions|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 5 April 2010|last1 = Shukla|first1 = Ajai}}</ref> The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India has been reported as saying the aircraft is "technologically outdated and beset by flight safety hazards" when discussing the grounding of the fleet in 2009.<ref name="thaindian.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/crashes-engine-failures-ground-iaf-trainer-aircraft_100240304.html |title=Crashes, engine failures ground IAF trainer aircraft - Thaindian News |access-date=2010-04-14 |archive-date=2018-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430045337/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/crashes-engine-failures-ground-iaf-trainer-aircraft_100240304.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[HAL HTT-40]] is going replace HAL HPT-32 Deepak as primary trainer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Amrita Nayak |date=2022-10-18 |title=Made in India Takes Off: Intermediate Jet Trainer HJT-36 to be Certified Soon, HAL Eyes Export of HTT-40 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/made-in-india-takes-off-intermediate-jet-trainer-hjt-36-to-be-certified-soon-hal-eyes-export-of-htt-40-6191113.html |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Versions==
;HPT-32
:Basic version.
;HTT-34
:Turboprop version, powered by {{convert|420|shp|kW|order=flip|abbr=on}} [[Allison 250]]-B17D engine. First flew on 17 June 1984.<ref name="jawa90p108">{{Harvnb|Lambert|1990|p=198}}</ref>

==Operators==
;{{IND}}
* [[Indian Air Force]]
* [[Indian Navy]]<ref name="Taylor96">{{harvnb|Taylor|1996|p=401}}</ref> 8 for basic training

==Specifications (HPT-32)==
{{aircraft specifications/switch



|plane or copter?=plane
|jet or prop?=prop
|ref=Jane's Aircraft Recognition Guide <ref>{{cite book|title=Jane's Aircraft Recognition Guide|last=Rendall|first=David|pages=[https://archive.org/details/janesaircraftrec0000rend/page/505 505]|year=1995|isbn=0-00-4709802|publisher=HarperCollinsPublishers|location=Glasgow, UK|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/janesaircraftrec0000rend/page/505}}</ref>


|crew=2: student, instructor
|length main=7.7 m
|length alt=25 ft 4 in
|span main=9.5 m
|span alt=31 ft 2 in
|height main=2.9 m
|height alt=9 ft 7 in
|area main=162 ft² <ref name="Brassey's99-00 p.433">Taylor 1999, p.433</ref>
|area alt=15.0 m²
|empty weight main=1,034 kg
|empty weight alt=2,280 lb
|loaded weight main=
|loaded weight alt=
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main=1,322 kg
|max takeoff weight alt=2,915 lb
|engine (prop)=[[Lycoming AEO-540]]-D4B5
|type of prop= piston engine
|number of props=1
|power main=194 kW
|power alt=260 hp
|max speed main=281 km/h
|max speed alt=175 mph
|max speed more=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main=1,400 km
|range alt=755 nm
|ceiling main=
|ceiling alt=
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|armament=Four hardpoints; 255 kg warload; machine gun pods; bombs; rockets
}}

==See also==

[[HAL HTT-40]]

==References==
{{commons category|HAL HPT-32 Deepak}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Lambert |editor-first=Mark |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1990–91 |year=1990 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Defence Data |isbn=0-7106-0908-6 }}
*{{cite book|last= Taylor|first= Michael J. H.|title= Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory|year= 1996|publisher= Brassey's|location= London, England|isbn= 1-85753-198-1|url-access= registration|url= https://archive.org/details/brasseysworldair0000unse}}
*Taylor, M.J.H. (ed,). ''Brassey's World Aircraft Systems Directory 1999/2000 Edition''. London: Brassey's, 1999. {{ISBN|1-85753-245-7}}.
{{refend}}

{{HAL aircraft}}

[[Category:HAL aircraft|Deepak]]
[[Category:1970s Indian military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1977]]

HAL HPT-32 Deepak - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 23:57, 13 August 2023