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{{short description|16th century Kashmiri poet-empress}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| title = The Nightingale of Kashmir<br />
| name = Habba Khatoon<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| succession = Empress Consort of Kashmir<br />
| reign = 1579 – 1586<br />
| reign-type = Tenure<br />
| house = [[Chak Dynasty]] <br />
| father = Abdi Rather<br />
| mother = Janam <br />
| spouse = {{plainlist|<br />
*{{marriage|Aziz Jan|reason=divorced}}<br />
*[[Yousuf Shah Chak]]<br />
}}<br />
| module = {{Infobox writer | embed=yes<br />
| occupation = Poet<br />
| language = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]<br />
| years_active = {{circa|1570}} – 1609 <br />
| subject = Poems and songs about loss and separation<br />
| notable_works = ''Loal''<br />
}}<br />
| issue = At least 1 (daughter)<br />
| birth_name = Zoon<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1554}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Chandhara|Chandhur]], [[Pampore]], [[Kashmir]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1609|1554}}<br />
| death_place = [[Kashmir]]<br />
| burial_place = Athwajan, [[Jammu-Srinagar National Highway]], [[Kashmir]]<br />
| regnal name =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Habba Khatoon''' (born '''Zoon'''; 1554 – 1609; sometimes spelled '''Khatun'''), also known by the honorary title ''The Nightingale of Kashmir'', was a Kashmiri Muslim poet and [[ascetic]]. She was the wife of [[Yousuf Shah Chak]], the last Emperor of Kashmir.<br />
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==Biography==<br />
She was born in a small village in [[Pampore]], Pulwama in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Her real name was Zoon or Zun (Kashmiri : زوٗن : The Moon), a common Kashmiri first name.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Kashmiri literature|last=Kachru, Braj Behari |date=1981|publisher=Harrassowitz|isbn=3447021292|oclc=1014524295}}</ref> According to the oral tradition, she was called Zoon because of her great beauty. Although a peasant, she learnt how to read and write from the village [[Mawlawi (Islamic title)|moulvi]]. <br />
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According to legend, one day Yousuf Shah Chak was out hunting on horseback. He heard Zoon singing under the shade of a chinar tree, and the couple met and fell in love. The oral tradition describes Zoon as [[Yousuf Shah Chak]]'s queen consort, although there is scholarly debate about whether she was in fact a lower status mistress or member of his harem.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Haba Khatoon|author=Sadhu, S. L. |year=1983 |isbn=9788126019540|oclc=1007839629}}</ref> She entered the palace in about 1570, and at some point changed her name to become Habba Khatoon ( Kashmiri : ''حبہٕ خوتوٗن''). <br />
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The couple were reportedly very content, and Yousuf Shah became the ruler of Kashmir. However, they were separated in 1579 after the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]] had Yousuf Shah arrested and imprisoned in Bihar, never to return. After this, Habba Khatoon became an ascetic,<ref name="tri">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000603/windows/main3.htm|title=A grave mistake|date=3 June 2000|access-date=10 March 2013|work=The Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Literary Heritage of Kashmir |first=Krishan Lal |last=Kalla |chapter=19. Nightingale of Kashmr|publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1985|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzozRa9wJ9kC&q=Habba+Khatoon&pg=PA198 |ref=Ka|page=21 }}</ref> and spent the rest of her life wandering across the valley singing her songs.<br />
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Habba Khatun composed songs in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]. It is claimed that she introduced "loal" to Kashmiri poetry, "Loal" is more or less equivalent to the English 'lyric'. It conveys one brief thought. Braj Kachru states that Habba Khatun and [[Arnimal]] "perfected the loal form of Kashmiri poetry".<ref name=":0" /><br />
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There is some dispute about the historical accuracy of Habba Khatun's biography, however the songs associated with her (including ''Mea ha keir tsei kith'' and ''Tse Kamiu Soni Meani'') are widely popular across [[Kashmir]]. Her songs are frequently mournful and full of the sorrow of separation. Her tomb lies near Athwajan (English connotation: Handful of Rings) on the [[National Highway 1A (India)|Jammu-Srinagar national highway]].<ref name="tri" /><br />
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She has a profound presence in the oral tradition and is hailed as the last independent poet queen of Kashmir.<br />
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==Legacy==<br />
[[File:Habba Khatoon.jpg|thumb|The pyramid-shaped Habba Khatoon mountain, located in Gurez, Kashmir was named after her.]]<br />
An underpass in [[Mughalpura, Lahore]] has been named after Habba Khatoon. Indian Coast Guard named a ship as CGS Habba Khatoon after her. <br />
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''Habba Khatoon'' (1978) is an Indian [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]-language television film directed by Bashir Badgami for [[Doordarshan]]. It starred Rita Razdan in the titular role of the queen.<ref name="up"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Current breed of film-makers lack passion: Bashir Budgami |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/current-breed-of-film-makers-lack-passion-bashir-budgami-224772 |website=[[Tribune India]] |language=en |date=Apr 20, 2016}}</ref> Doordarshan also aired ''Habba Khatoon'', another television show in [[Hindi]] on [[DD National]] about the poetess.<ref>{{cite web |title=Habba Khatoon - Episode 01 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrviItoa2ak |publisher=Prasar Bharati Archives |date=Aug 29, 2017}}</ref><br />
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[[Mrinal Kulkarni]] portrayed her role in the Indian television series [[Noorjahan (TV series)|''Noorjahan'']], which aired on DD National from 2000-2001.<br />
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''[[Zooni]]'' is an unreleased Indian [[Hindi]]-language film by [[Muzaffar Ali]] that was supposed to release in 1990 but was eventually shelved. Earlier unsuccessful attempts in Indian cinema to portray her life on screen included one by [[Mehboob Khan]] in the 1960s and in the 80s by [[B. R. Chopra]].<ref name="up">{{cite web |last1=Bali |first1=Karan |title=Incomplete Films: Zooni |url=https://upperstall.com/features/incomplete-films-zooni/ |website=Upperstall.com |date=30 June 2017}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Lal Ded]]<br />
*[[Arnimal]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==Sources==<br />
* [http://www.poemhunter.com/habba-khatoon/biography/ Habba Khatoon (1554–1609), Biography]<br />
* [http://www.koausa.org/Poets/HabbaKhatoon/article1.html Kashmiri poets: Habba Khatoon]<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
* {{cite book|ref=none<br />
|last=Wakhlu<br />
|first=S. N.<br />
|title=Habba Khatoon: the nightingale of Kashmir<br />
|publisher=South Asia Publications<br />
|isbn=8174330054<br />
|year=1994}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khatun, Habba}}<br />
[[Category:1554 births]]<br />
[[Category:1609 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women poets]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br />
[[Category:Kashmiri poets]]</div>>Scorpions13256