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{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Hakim (title)|Hakim]]
| name = Abdul Aziz
| image = Hakim Abdul Aziz.jpeg
| caption = Photograph of Hakim Abdul Aziz{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
| birth_date = 1855
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]], India
| death_date = 1911
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], India
| resting_place = Jhawai tola, Lucknow
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = [[Unani]] physician
| years_active = 1877–1911
| known_for = Philosophy of Unani medicine, Free treatment, anti-adulteration
| style = Puritan Unani system
| boards = Committee for Regulation of Medical Formulations
| relatives = Grandfather of [[Mohammad Shakeel]] and Late Jamila Sultana W/O late Akbar Khan Lodi
}}

'''{{small|[[Hakim (title)|Hakim]]}} Abdul Aziz''' (''Muhammad 'Abd al 'Aziz'', 1855–1911) was a prominent [[Unani]] physician in [[colonial India|British India]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Alavi|first=Seema|title=Islam and Healing: Loss and Recovery of an Indo-Muslim Medical Tradition, 1600–1900|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}}</ref>

==Biography==
Hakim Abdul Aziz was born into a family of Kashmiri migrants, and is regarded as the founder of the Lucknow tradition in Unani medicine.<ref>{{cite book|last=van Alphen|first=Jan|title=Oriental medicine: an illustrated guide to the Asian arts of healing|year=1995|publisher=Serindia Publications|author2=Anthony Aris}}{{page needed|date=October 2015}}</ref>
He started practising medicine in 1877. In 1902, he founded the [[Unani#Notable Unani institutions|Takmil al Tibb School]] at [[Lucknow]] for research and excellence in Unani Medicine.

The earliest biographical work on Hakim Abdul Aziz and his philosophical approach in Unani medicine was written by [[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]]. He wrote memoirs and life history of 'Azizi Family',<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Shifāʾulmulk Mīmoriyal Kameṭī |location = ʻAlīgaṛh |author = Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman |title = Taz̲kirah-yi k̲h̲āndān-i ʻAzīzī
|date = 1978 |origyear=Second edition 2009|ol = 19405795M }}{{page needed|date=October 2015}}</ref> prescriptions and formulations of Hakim Abdul Waheed,<ref>{{cite book | author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman | year = 1974 | title = Bayaz Waheedi| edition = First edition 1974, Second edition 1991| pages = 228–229| publisher=Shifaul Mulk Memorial Committee and Tibbi Academy| location = Aligarh/India }}</ref> [[Unani]] formularies used by Azizi Family of Lucknow.<ref>{{cite book | author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman | year = 1976 | title = Matab Murtaish | edition = 2009 revised 2nd| pages = 230ff| publisher=Shifaul Mulk Memorial Committee | location = Aligarh/India }}</ref>

== Epistemology ==
Abdul Aziz’s approach with regards to Unani medicine was that of a puritan and hence, significantly different from other notable practitioners like [[Hakim Ajmal Khan]] who advocated incorporation of concepts from alternative medical systems.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alavi|first=Seema|title=Islam and Healing: Loss and Recovery of an Indo-Muslim Medical Tradition, 1600–1900|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}}{{page needed|date=October 2015}}</ref> Consequently, the [[Delhi]] and Lucknow schools of Unani medicine evolved in different directions.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rahman|first=Hakim Syed Zillur|title= Khandane Azizi ki Tibbi Infradiyat |journal=Jahan-e Tibb (Takmilul Tibb College Special Number) |date=July–December 2002 |volume= 4 | issue=1&2 | pages=7–14}}</ref>
Hakim Abdul Aziz wished to systematise Unani instruction at the Lucknow Madrasa around the texts of [[Avicenna|Ibn Sìnà]], supplemented by practical instruction in surgery and [[anatomy]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Attewell|first=Guy|title=The end of the Line? The Fracturing of Authoritative Tibbi Knowledge in Twentieth-Century India|journal=Asian Medicine|year=2005|volume=1|issue=2|pages=387–419|doi=10.1163/157342105777996548}}</ref>

==Impact==
Hakim's fame was so widespread that students and practitioners of Unani medicine from as far and wide as the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], Afghanistan, [[Balochistan]], [[Bukhara]] and the [[Hejaz]] came to study with him. The Takmil al Tibb School (established by him at Lucknow) was instrumental in combating the [[List of epidemics|widespread plague of 1902–03]].

Coming to terms with the singular promotion of colonialism to allopathic medicine, in 1910 Hakim Abdul Aziz and [[Hakim Ajmal Khan]] and [[Madan Mohan Malviya|Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya]] formed the All India Ayurvedic and Unani Tibb Conference to defend traditional forms of healing. In 1904, recognizing the Hakim's stringent attitude towards adulteration in medicine, British India invited him to serve on the board of the Committee for Regulation of Medical Formulations.

Hakim Abdul Aziz did not charge visiting patients, though it is recorded that he solicited fees of 16 rupees for visits within the city, 500 rupees for visits outside the city, and 1000 rupees for visits outside the state. Among his royal patients were [[Sultan Shahjahan Begum|Shahjahan Begum]] of [[Bhopal]] and the son of [[Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] of [[Baroda]].

== Legacy ==
In 1910, shortly after returning from [[Hajj]], the Hakim fell ill and died. His death was widely mourned by poets, journalists and commoners. After his death, his two eldest sons took over the maintenance of Takmil al Tibb. A road in Lucknow is named after him ([http://maps.google.co.in/maps?q=abdul+aziz+road+lucknow Abdul Aziz Road]), and the college is now maintained by the government. The Azizi family is still involved in practice of Unani medicine.<ref>{{cite book | author=Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman | year = 2002 | title = Maqalat Shifaul Mulk Hakim Abdul Latif | pages = 324| publisher=Publication Division, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] | location = Aligarh/India }}</ref>
The Azizi Family also played a significant role in the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Hakim Syed Zillur |title= Tahreek Azadi Main khandan Azizi Ka Hissa |journal=[[Naya Daur (magazine)|Naya Daur]] |date=August 1978 |volume= 35 |issue=5 |pages=28–32}}</ref>

[[Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman]] published his ''Tazkirah Khandan Azizi'' in 1978. The work was
widely received and reviewed.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Daryabadi|first=Abdul Majid|title=Tazkira Khandan Azizi|journal=Sidq-i Jadid|date=9 March 1979|authorlink=Abdul Majid Daryabadi|language=Urdu}}{{clarify|date=October 2015}}
{{cite journal|title=Tazkira Khandan Azizi|journal=Nida-i-Millat|date=11 March 1979|language=Urdu}}
{{cite journal|last=Akbarabadi|first=Maulana Saeed Ahmad|title=Tazkira Khandan Azizi|journal=Burhan|date=November 1979|location=Delhi|language=Urdu}}
{{cite journal|title=Tazkira Khandan Azizi|journal=Al-Jamiat|date=23 December 1979|location=Delhi|language=Urdu}}
{{cite journal|last=Chandpuri|first=Kausar|title=Tazkira Khandan Azizi|journal=Muharriq|date=28 May 1980|location=Kolkata|language=Urdu}}</ref>
Similarly, his earlier ''Bayaz Wahidi'' (1974) and ''Matab Murtaish'' (1976) were also reviewed in many Urdu journals.<ref>Matab Murtaish, Shahzad Ahmad, Blitz, Bombay, 20 November 1976.
Matab Murtaish, Kausar Chandpuri, Hamdard, 1 December 1976.
Matab Murtaish, Editor, Qaumi Awaz, Lucknow, 12 December 1976.
Matab Murtaish, Editor, AI Jamiat, Delhi, 13 February 1977.
Bayaz Wahidi, Kausar Chandpuri, Hamdard, 1 May 1976.
Bayaz Wahidi, Editor, Nida-i Millat Lucknow, 11 July 1976.
Bayaz Wahidi, Editor, Siyasat, Kanpur, 25 July 1976.</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Hakim Mohammed Said]]
* [[Hakim Syed Karam Husain]]
* [[Hakim Ajmal Khan]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Literature==
* ''Tazkirah Khandan Azizi'' by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, (First edition 1978), Shifaul Mulk Memorial Committee, Aligarh, 472 pp; (Second revised edition 2009) {{ISBN|978-81-906070-6-3}}, Ibn Sina Academy, Aligarh, 458 pp.
* ''The Azizi Family of Physicians'' by Tazimuddin Siddiqui and Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, (1983), Studies in History of Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 93 pp.
* ''Bayaz Waheedi'' by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, (1974), Shifaul Mulk Memorial Committee, Aligarh, 228pp, (Second edition 1991), Tibbi Academy, Aligarh, 224 pp.
* ''Matab Murtaish'' by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, (1976), Shifaul Mulk Memorial Committee, Aligarh, 230 pp.
* ''Maqalat Shifaul Mulk Hakim Abdul Latif'' by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, (2002), Publication Division, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, pp 324.
* ''Tajideed-i Tibb'' by Shifa-al Mulk Hakim Abdul Latif, (1972), Tibbi Academy, Aligarh.
* ''Shifaul Mulk Hakim Abdul Latif (Nuqush wa Tassurat)'' by Hakim Mohammed Aslam Siddiqui (1985), Educational Book House, Aligarh.
* [https://openlibrary.org/works/OL44120W/Taz%CC%B2kirah-yi_k%CC%B2h%CC%B2%C4%81nd%C4%81n-i_%CA%BBAz%C4%ABz%C4%AB Listing at the Open Library Archive]
* Shifa-al Mulk Hakim Abdul Latif by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Daily Dawat, Delhi, 24 Jun 1971.
* Shifa-al Mulk Hakim Abdul Latif by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Fikr-o-Nazar, Namwaran-i Aligarh, Vol. 1, Jan. 1987-Jul. 1988, pp. 361–70.
* Shifa-al Mulk Hakim Abdul Latif Falsafi by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Bazm-e-Wafa, Aligarh Muslim University Old Boys' Association, Lucknow Branch, 1998, pp. 50–54.

== See also ==
* [[Unani medicine]]
* [[Hakim Ajmal Khan]]
* [[Jamia Hamdard]]
* [[Avicenna]]
* [[Mohammad Shakeel]]

==External links==
*http://www.unani.com/timeline.htm
*https://web.archive.org/web/20110511171609/http://www.chowk.com/Views/Science/Science-in-India-During-The-Muslim-Rule

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdul Aziz, Hakim}}
[[Category:1855 births]]
[[Category:1911 deaths]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Lucknow]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Unani practitioners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Uttar Pradesh]]

Hakim Abdul Aziz - Revision history

>Prisoner of Zenda at 06:32, 2 March 2021