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{{short description|Prime Minister of Tunisia (2011–2013)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Hamadi Jebali<br />{{small|حمادي الجبالي}}
|image = Hamadi Jebali - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012-1.jpg
|caption = Hamadi Jebali in 2012
|office =[[List of prime ministers of Tunisia|10th]] [[Prime Minister of Tunisia]]
|president = [[Moncef Marzouki]]
|term_start = 24 December 2011
|term_end = 14 March 2013
|predecessor = [[Beji Caid Essebsi]]
|successor = [[Ali Laarayedh]]
|office1 = Secretary General of the [[Ennahda Movement]]
|leader1 = [[Rashid al-Ghannushi]]
|term_start1 = 6 June 1981
|term_end1 = 22 February 2013
|predecessor1 = Position established
|successor1 = [[Ali Laarayedh]]
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|1|12|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Sousse]], [[French protectorate of Tunisia|Tunisia]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Ennahda Movement]] {{small|(until 2014)}}
|alma_mater = [[Tunis University]]<br />[[University of Paris]]
}}

'''Hamadi Jebali''' ({{lang-ar|حمادي الجبالي}}, ''{{transl|ar|Ḥammādī al-Jibālī}}''; born 12 January 1949) is a [[Tunisia]]n engineer, Muslim politician and journalist who was [[Prime Minister of Tunisia]] from December 2011 to March 2013. He was the Secretary-General of the [[Ennahda Movement]], a moderate Islamic party in Tunisia, until he left his party in December 2014 in the course of the [[2014 Tunisian presidential election]].

==Early life, education and professional life==
Born in [[Sousse]] in 1949,Jebali received his bachelor's degree in [[mechanical engineering]] from the [[Tunis University]] and added a masters programme in [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic engineering]] in [[Paris]], France.<ref name="Case Info"/><ref name=maj2012mar/> As a specialist in [[solar energy]] and [[wind power]], he founded his own enterprise in Sousse.<ref>{{Citation|first=Abdelaziz |last=Barrouhi|title=Hamadi Jebali: "Nous ne prétendons pas être les détenteurs de la vérité en Tunisie"|newspaper=Jeune Afrique |language=fr|date=13 May 2011|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAJA2625p046-049.xml0/|access-date=27 October 2011}}</ref>

==Political and journalistic activity==
In 1981 he became involved with Tunisia's Islamist movement, then called Movement of the Islamic Tendency. He was director and [[editor-in-chief]] of ''Al-Fajr'' (Dawn), the former weekly newspaper of the Islamist Ennahda Party.<ref name=maj2012mar>{{cite journal|title=Man on a Wire |journal=The Majalla |date=March 2012 |volume=1571 |page=45 |url=http://www.majalla.com/eng/print-edition-pdf/al-majalla-issue-1571.pdf |access-date=4 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715141031/http://www.majalla.com/eng/print-edition-pdf/al-majalla-issue-1571.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2012 }}</ref> Moreover, he served as longtime member of the party's executive council and remains secretary-general of Ennahda.<ref name="Case Info">[http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/humanrights/PGA_051858 Case Information: Hamadi Jebali], Committee on Human Rights, nationalacademies.org. Retrieved on 26 October 2011.</ref><ref name="NP">{{Citation|first=Cecile|last=Feuillatre|title=Hamadi Jebali: The face of moderate Islamism in Tunisia|newspaper=National Post|date=26 October 2011|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/10/26/hamadi-jebali-the-face-of-moderate-islamism-in-tunisia/|access-date=26 October 2011}}</ref>

==Criminal prosecution and imprisonment==
In June 1990, ''Al-Fajr'' published an article by [[Rashid al-Ghannushi]] called "The people of the State or the State of the People?" Jebali was made responsible for the publication and received a suspended sentence and a 1,500 [[Tunisian dinar|dinars]] fine for the offences of "encouraging violation of the law" and "calling for insurrection". In November 1990, the Islamist newspaper contained an essay by the lawyer Mohammed Nouri, entitled "When will military courts, serving as special courts, be abolished?" This time, a military court sentenced Hamadi Jebali to one year in prison for "defamation of a judicial institution".<ref name="Case Info"/><ref name="NP"/>

In May 1992 the government claimed that it had detected plans for a [[coup d'état]] by [[Ennahda Movement|Ennahda]], which had allegedly plotted to kill President [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali|Ben Ali]] and establish an [[Islamic state]]. In August 1992, Jebali, along with 170 other sympathisers of Ennahda, was charged with "attempted overthrow". Jebali protested that he had no knowledge of the plot's existence, and asserted that he had been [[torture]]d, presenting marks on his body for evidence. The trial was classified as unfair by observers for [[Human Rights Watch]], the [[Human Rights First|Lawyer's Committee for Human Rights]], and [[Amnesty International]], the latter of which named Jebali a [[prisoner of conscience]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde30/009/1991/en/|title=Further information on Tunisia: Imprisonment of a Journalist|date=February 1991|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|access-date=22 January 2012}}</ref> Eventually, on 28 August 1992 Hamadi Jebali was sentenced to a prison term of 16 years for "membership in an illegal organisation" and "attempted change of the nature of the state".<ref name="NP" /> The [[Court of Cassation (Tunisia)|Court of Cassation]] confirmed the verdict.<ref name="Case Info"/>

The conditions of his imprisonment were harsh. More than ten of the 15 years that Jebali spent, were in [[solitary confinement]]. Hamadi Jebali engaged in several [[hunger strike]]s to protest against the conditions and his conviction. Two of them lasted for 36 days each. In February 2006, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of [[Tunisian independence|Tunisia's independence]], Jebali was conditionally released.<ref name="Case Info"/>

==Post-revolution and Prime Minister==
[[File:Hamadi Jebali - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012-2.jpg|thumb|200px|Jebali during the [[World Economic Forum|WEF]] 2012]]
Following the [[Tunisian revolution]] in January 2011, Ennahda was legalised. Since then, Hamadi Jebali has been present in public as the party's secretary-general and spokesman. In May 2011, he went to [[Washington, D.C.]] in the US at the invitation of the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/political-transcript-wire/mi_8167/is_20110511/center-study-islam-democracy-holds/ai_n57470641/|title=The Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy Holds a Discussion on "What Kind of Democracy for the New Tunisia: Islamic or Secular?"|publisher=BNET CBS Business Network|date=9 May 2011|access-date=21 June 2011}}</ref> He also met U.S. Senators [[John McCain]] and [[Joe Lieberman]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Washington ready to play soft Islam card |publisher=Maghreb Confidential|date=26 May 2011|url=http://www.africaintelligence.com/MCE/power-brokers/2011/05/26/washington-ready-to-play-soft-islam-card%2C90297027-EVE-login|access-date=21 June 2011}}</ref>

Ensuing Ennahda's success in the [[2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election|Constituent Assembly election]] on 23 October 2011, the party nominated him as its candidate for [[Prime Minister of Tunisia|prime minister]].<ref name="NP"/><ref>{{Citation|first=Habib |last=Toumi|title=Al Nahdha likely to front its secretary general as prime minister|newspaper=Gulf News|date=26 October 2011 |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/region/tunisia/al-nahdha-likely-to-front-its-secretary-general-as-prime-minister-1.919250|access-date=26 October 2011}}</ref> Jebali is considered a proponent of the reformist wing of his party.<ref name="NP"/>

Interim President [[Moncef Marzouki]] appointed Jebali as [[Prime Minister of Tunisia]] on 14 December 2011.<ref>{{Citation|first=Houda |last=Mzioudet |title=Ennahda’s Jebali Appointed as Tunisian Prime Minister |newspaper=Tunisia-live.net |date=14 December 2011 |url=http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/12/14/ennahdas-jebali-appointed-as-tunisian-prime-minister/ |access-date=21 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044127/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/12/14/ennahdas-jebali-appointed-as-tunisian-prime-minister/ |archive-date=17 January 2012 }}</ref> He presented [[Jebali Cabinet|his government]] on 20 December.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jxEr2AGVUyAWMzckgN0gcXikwhVg?docId=CNG.796c0280e2143daa838da50cac8f6cfa.f21 |title=Tunisian PM presents new government |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=20 December 2011 |publisher=Google News |access-date=4 November 2012 |archive-date=7 November 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BzvE1skE?url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jxEr2AGVUyAWMzckgN0gcXikwhVg?docId=CNG.796c0280e2143daa838da50cac8f6cfa.f21 |url-status=live }}</ref> He officially took office on 24 December.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}

On 19 February 2013, he resigned from his office.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tunisia: Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali resigns after the failure of his firm apolitical|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/afrique/tunisie-le-premier-ministre-hamadi-jebali-demissionne-apres-l-echec-de-son-cabinet-apolitique_1222484.html|publisher=lexmpress|access-date=19 February 2013}}</ref> The move followed his attempt to form a [[technocratic]] government following the assassination of [[Chokri Belaid]] and ensuing protests against the alleged Islamisation of the country. Ennahda, however, rejected his resignation insisting on a government of politicians and Jebali formally resigned after a meeting with President Moncef Marzouki saying it was in the best interests of the country. He said: "I promised if my initiative did not succeed I would resign as head of the government, and this is what I am doing following my meeting with the president. Today there is a great disappointment among the people and we must regain their trust and this resignation is a first step."<ref name="intoday1">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/tunisia-pm-resigns-after-cabinet-initiative-fails/1/250957.html |title=Tunisia PM resigns after cabinet initiative fails to form a technocratic government |newspaper=India Today|date=20 February 2013 |access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref> Party leader [[Rachid Ghannouchi]] then suggested a government of politicians and technocrats, while Jebali suggested that if he was tasked with forming a new government it would have to include non-partisan ministers and a variety of political representation that would lead to a new election.<ref name="intoday1"/> Unnamed opposition figures welcomed the resignation. The same day, [[Standard & Poor]] downgraded Tunisia's credit rating.<ref>{{cite web|author=Angelique Chrisafis and agencies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/20/tunisia-prime-minister-turmoil|title=Tunisian PM resigns sparking credit rating downgrade|newspaper=The Guardian|date=20 February 2013|access-date=20 February 2013}}</ref> However, the [[IMF]] said that it was still in talks for a US$1.78 billion loan to the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/tunisia-imf-idUSL6N0BK05020130220|title=IMF says still in touch with Tunisia on loan|newspaper=Reuters|date=20 February 2013|access-date=20 February 2013|archive-date=20 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220061223/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/20/tunisia-imf-idUSL6N0BK05020130220|url-status=live}}</ref>

After urging his party without success to support the interim president [[Moncef Marzouki]] in the presidential election of 2014,<ref>Eileen Byrne: [http://www.thenational.ae/world/20141220/major-political-shift-to-come-as-tunisia-votes-for-new-president#full ''Major Political Shift to Come as Tunisia Votes for New President.''] In: ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]'', 20 December 2014.</ref> he left Ennahda on 10 December 2014.<ref>Zeineb Marzouk: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150425141229/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2014/12/12/hamadi-jebali-resigns-from-ennahdha-party/ ''Hamadi Jebali Resigns from Ennahdha.''] In: ''Tunisia-Live.net'', 12 December 2014.</ref> In January 2015, he refused to join the new party of the losing presidential candidate Marzouki<ref>[http://www.jawharafm.net/fr/article/hamadi-jebali-je-ne-ferai-jamais-partie-du-mouvement-cree-par-marzouki/92/19439 ''Hamadi Jebali: Je ne ferai jamais partie du mouvement créé par Marzouki.''] In: ''JawharaFM.net'', 6 January 2015.</ref> but did not rule out founding a party of his own.<ref>[http://www.tuniscope.com/article/60063/actualites/tunisie/t-hamadi-jebali-292810 ''Hamadi Jebali envisage de lancer un nouveau parti politique.''] In: ''Tuniscope.com'', 5 January 2015.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}
== External links ==
*{{Commons-inline|Category:Hamadi Jebali|Hamadi Jebali}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-new|party}}
{{s-ttl|title=Secretary General of the [[Ennahda Movement]]|years=1981–2013}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ali Laarayedh]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Béji Caïd Essebsi]]|as=Prime Minister}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Head of Government of Tunisia]]|years=2011–2013|as=Prime Minister}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ali Laarayedh]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{TunisiaPMs}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jebali, Hamadi}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Tunisia]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sousse]]
[[Category:People of the Tunisian Revolution]]
[[Category:Ennahda politicians]]
[[Category:Tunis University alumni]]
[[Category:Tunisian activists]]
[[Category:Tunisian engineers]]
[[Category:Tunisian journalists]]
[[Category:Tunisian Muslims]]
[[Category:Tunisian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:20th-century Tunisian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Tunisian politicians]]

Hamadi Jebali - Revision history

->Thepharoah17 at 03:00, 2 December 2021