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{{More citations needed|date=May 2020}}
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=May 2020}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Hansa Bai
| title = [[Princess|Rajkumari]] of [[Mandore]] <br/> [[Queen consort|Rani]] of [[Mewar]]
| image = HansaBai&RanaLakha.jpg
| alt = Rani Hansa Bai
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = Estimated between 1383 and 1409
| birth_place = [[Mandore]]
| death_date = After 1421
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| years_active =
| known_for =
| spouse = [[Lakha Singh]]
| issue = [[Mokal Singh]]
| father = [[Rao Chunda]]
| mother = Suram De Sankhali
}}

'''Hansa Bai''' was a [[Rani]] of the [[Rajput]] kingdom of [[Udaipur State|Mewar]], in northwestern India, during the early 15th century. She was the wife of [[Lakha Singh|Maharana Lakha Singh]] and mother to his heir, [[Mokal Singh|Mokal]].

Born as a [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore]] princess of [[Mandore]], she brought peace between her clan and that of her husband, the [[Sisodia Dynasty|Sisodia]]s, which lasted until the reign of her grandson, [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana Kumbha]].
She advised her son during the beginning of his reign, questioned the intentions of Mewari nobles, and is also believed to have educated Rana Kumbha.

== Early life and marriage ==
Hansa Bai, born Hansa Kumari, was the daughter of Chunda Rathore of [[Mandore]] and Rani Suram Sankhali. As a daughter of the king, she lived in the palace's harem (Rani Mahal) with her mother. Hansa learned how a woman could rule effectively by watching her stepmother, Sona Mohil. Sona influenced Hansa's father to appoint Sona's son, Kanha, as his successor, instead of his son, [[Ranmal]].<ref name=Joshi>{{Cite book|last=Joshi|first=Varsha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2j1uAAAAMAAJ|title=Polygamy and Purdah: Women and Society Among Rajputs|date=1995-01-01|publisher=Rawat Publications|isbn=978-81-7033-275-6|language=en}}</ref> In response, Ranmal left Mandore in self-imposed exile.<ref name=Hooja>{{Cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=hansa+bai|title=A history of Rajasthan|date=2006-11-01|publisher=Rupa & Co.|isbn=9788129108906|language=en}}</ref>

She was first betrothed to the elder son of Maharana [[Lakha Singh]] of [[Udaipur State|Mewar]], Prince [[Chunda Sisodia]]. However, when the delegation from Mandore had arrived in [[Chittor]] to officialize the betrothal, Chunda was away from court. Lakha waited with the delegation until the prince returned. The aging leader of Chittor said the proposal was not meant for a "greybeard" like him and turned them down jokingly. When Prince Chunda later learned of the comment, the prince refused the marriage, for he could not accept a proposal which his father had publicly declined, however offhanded.<ref name=Hooja/> The Maharana failed to change his son's mind, and, rather than offend Hansa's powerful family, was forced to marry the princess himself. In return, Chunda gave up his right to inheritance to the eldest son born by Hansa Bai.

== After marriage ==

=== As Rani of Mewar ===
Hansa Bai married Lakha Singh around either 1408 or 1407 and later gave birth to her son Mokal in 1409. She taught him as he grew and introduced him to his father's building plans, which would have a huge impact on him later in life. She also taught him of his lineage, his kingdom, and the Sisodia Hindu traditions, such as the God Eklinji, the many honor traditions such as robes of honor (which her brother used to kill another of Lakha's sons Raghedev) and the many other traditions such as Jahar, Saka and how to perform puja. In this way, she prepared him to be king.

=== As Queen Mother ===
[[File:Rana Mokal Singh.jpg|thumb|Mokal]]
In 1421 Lakha Singh, Hansa's husband died in the war, leaving young Mokal as his successor. Being a minor, Hansa's former betrothed Chunda began to look after the state of affairs, as promised to Rana Lakha. But Hansa Bai disapproved of the influence that Chunda had over the nobles of Mewar. She questioned his integrity and doubted his intentions. Her resentment made Chunda leave Chittor and retire to [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]], capital of [[Malwa]]. Rani Hansa Bai obtained help from her brother [[Ranmal]] to administer the state of affairs on behalf of Mokal until he became older.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maharana Mokal|url=https://royalkingsofindia.wordpress.com/the-great-kings-of-india-iii-maharana-mokal/|date=2015-01-05|website=Royal Kings of India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> He fulfilled this role admirably over the following years, launching military campaigns against Mewar's rivals. These include Firuz Khan of [[Nagaur]], [[Ahmad Shah I]] of [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] and the [[Hada Chauhan|Hadas]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]]. However, there was resentment among the nobles of Mewar at the growing Rathore influence at court, in particular regarding the level of nepotism with which Ranmal awarded high positions. During this time Hansa also arranged Mokal's marriage to Sobhagya Devi. Though the couple was young, they conceived quickly and had [[Kumbha of Mewar|Prince Kumbha]].

Maharana Mokal had a brief stint as the ruler of Mewar but rose to fame as the most celebrated warrior of his race. He defeated Nagpur, Gujarat, and repelled an invasion by the [[Delhi Sultanate]] ([[Sayyid dynasty]]). But most importantly, he completed palaces that were commenced by his father, Maharana Lakha, and conspired to build more aesthetic structures. During this time, Hansa's father Chunda was killed in battle in 1423 and was succeeded, as the latter had planned, by his younger son Kanha. However, in 1428, Kanha too died and was followed by another son of Chunda, who also had a short reign. Seeing an opportunity, Ranmal marched on the capital city, [[Mandore]], at the head of a Mewari army and seized the throne, becoming the new Rao of Marwar. As a Rao, his influence grew and the more power he had the more people resented him, such as Lakha's other son Raghedev. With more power, Ranmal began capturing land and while capturing land he made reforms, like introducing systems of weights and measures which Hansa and the other Mewar nobles agreed with.

=== As Queen Grandmother ===
In 1433, Mokal was assassinated by his paternal uncles, Chacha and Mera, which brought an end to the great Maharana in the making at the young age of 24. Lack of support, however, caused Chacha and Mera to flee thus once more leaving a small child as ruler of Mewar, now in the person of Mokal's son [[Kumbha of Mewar|Kumbha]]. Hansa Bai, now the queen-grandmother again called on her brother Ranmal to take charge of the state and become regent until the new Rana reached an older age. Ranmal accompanied by some of his twenty-four sons, returned to [[Chittor]], nominally taking up the position of caretaker to his minor great-nephew though, for all intents and purposes, he became the true power in the kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Sabita|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bSmDwAAQBAJ&dq=hansa+bai&pg=PT184|title=The Politics of Marriage in India: Gender and Alliance in Rajasthan|date=2019-05-27|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-909828-6|language=en}}</ref>

The new regent's first action was to strike the allies of Mewar's rival kingdoms of [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] and [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]], the latter of which having sheltered Mokal's killers. The rulers of [[Bundi State|Bundi]], [[Mount Abu|Abu]], Bhoola and Basantgarh were crushed and the [[Sultan]] of Malwa, [[Mahmud Khalji]], was defeated in the Battle of Sarangpur in 1437. He and Hansa also began to hunt down the conspirators, with some being killed and others being forced into hiding. One of them, Mokal's paternal uncle Chacha, had his daughter Bharmali taken captive and married by Ranmal. 500 other girls belonging to the families of the fugitives were captured and given out by Ranmal to his favorites.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ|title=A history of Rajasthan|date=2006-11-01|publisher=Rupa & Co.|isbn=9788129108906|language=en}}</ref>

One of Mokal's brothers, Raghavdev, objected to this action and took the women into his protection. He began to grow apprehensive of the growing Rathore influence in the court and started preparing a resistance to Ranmal. Conversely, Ranmal also viewed the Mewari prince as a threat and too launched a conspiracy. Events came to a head when Ranmal invited Raghadev to present him with a traditional robe of honor. However, unknown to the latter, the sleeves of the robe had been sown in such a way to restrict his movement. Raghadev was then ambushed by Ranmal's men, who immediately cut down the helpless prince. Hansa was outraged and did not support her brother killing Raghavdev and the captivity of the women. Hansa's disapproval has been cited as a factor which influenced the young Kumbha to kill Ranmal while he was drunk and tied to his bed. During this time Ranmal's son [[Jodha of Mandore|Jodha]] escaped from Mewar and there is a strong possibility that Hansa aided in the escape, not wanting her homeland of [[Mandore]] to be without a king. As King Kumbha regularly prayed to the god Eklingji, it is suggested that he was likely taught by Hansa to do so.

=== Death ===
The accurate date of Hansa's death is unknown and it is possible that she wasn't alive to see the assassination of her brother and died shortly after the reign of her grandson began, explaining why the nobles waited to assassinate Ranmal, not wanting to displease the Queen Grandmother. According to Mewari reports however Hansa Bai, lived well past the assassination of her brother as she arranged for peace between her grandson Kumbha and nephew Jodha through the marriage of Rao Jodha's daughter Shringar Deiji to Rana Kumbha's son [[Rana Raimal|Raimal]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarda |first=Har Bilas |url=https://archive.org/details/maharanakumbhaso00sardrich |title=Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar |date=1917 |publisher=Ajmer, Scottish Mission Industries co. |others=University of California Libraries}}</ref> Her descendants were Kings of [[Mewar]] and the breaking down of the alliance between the [[Rathore dynasty|Rathores]] and [[Sisodias of Mewar|Sisodias]] was catalyzed through her death, resuming feuds between the clans for decades.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:bai, Hansa}}
[[Category:Kingdom of Mewar]]
[[Category:Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Indian queens consort]]
[[Category:Rajput princesses]]
[[Category:Indian female royalty]]

Hansa Bai - Revision history

Stickerlabelingmachine at 14:24, 13 August 2025