>Ranadhira at 13:17, 7 July 2021

2021-07-07T13:17:34Z

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{{Short description|City in Rajasthan, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Rajasthan, India|its namesake district|Hanumangarh district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hanumangarh
| native_name = 
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Hanumangarh_Bhatner_fort.jpg
| image_alt = Hanumangarh fort
| image_caption = Bhatner fort is located in Hanumangarh city.
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|29.58|N|74.32|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hanumangarh district|Hanumangarh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 200 AD
| founder = King Bhupat
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipal Council
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 177
| population_total = 150958
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=20 June 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Indian English|English]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 335512(Hanumangarh Junction)
335513(Hanumangarh Town)
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01552
| registration_plate =
RJ-31
| website = {{URL|hanumangarh.rajasthan.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Hanumangarh''' is a city in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]], situated on the banks of the river [[Ghaggar]] also identified as Ancient [[Sarasvati river]], located about 400 km from [[Delhi]]. It is the administrative seat of [[Hanumangarh District]]. The city was once called [[Bhatner]] (alternatively spelled [[Bhatnair]]) because it was founded by king Bhupat in 255 AD. It remained in the control of the Rajputs of Bhati clan and faced a historic siege by [[Timur]] in 1391, during which the Bhatti Rajput king Rao Dulachand lost the fort for a short time.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Rima|last=Hooja|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa and company|year=2006|pages=371|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&dq=history+of+rajasthan&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=dulachand|quote=Bhatner was taken in 1391 by Timur from the Bhati Rajput King named Dulachand}}</ref> The fort was later occupied by Rao Jetsa of [[Bikaner State|Bikaner]].<ref name="ref73zobep">{{Citation|title=The imperial gazetteer of India, Volume 2| author=Sir William Wilson Hunter|publisher=Trübner & Co., 1885|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LIATAAAAYAAJ| quote=''... The Bhatnair fort ... on the direct route of invasion from Central Asia to India ... taken by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1001 ... attacked by Timur ... probable that Timur left a Tatar Chagitai noble in charge, who was expelled by Bhatis from Marot and Phulra ... Bhatnair, now called Hanumangarh ...''}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Indus Valley Civilization===
[[Indus Valley Civilization]] sites in the district number over 100 villages along [[Ghaggar-Hakra River]] ([[Palaeochannel]] of [[Sarasvati River]]), such as [[Karanpura]]. Remains found at [[Kalibangan]] and [[Pilibanga]] in 1951 reveal that this area was a part of nearly 5000 years old civilization. The remains of human skeleton, unknown scripts, stamps, coins, utensils, jewelry, toys, statues, wells, bathrooms, fort, streets, markets, etc. were found. The remains found at these places have been kept at Museum at Kalibangan and [[National Museum, New Delhi]].

=== Medieval===
It has yielded a number of terracotta decorative tiles in the late [[Kushan Empire]] style along with a number of coins. Two terracotta capitals at the depth of 15' from the top of the mound with stepped pyramids along their edges have been discovered.<ref name="hanumangarh.nic.in"/>
In 1398,[[Timur the Great]] invaded the Delhi sultanate and on his way he attacked Ganganagar Fort(Bhatner at that time) defended by its ruler Rao Daljit and his cousin with only 10,000 men Timur wrestlled the fortifications and slained or enslaved all of the Garrison along with their citizens.

===Colonial era===
{{Main| Bhatner | History of Bikaner }}
Hanumangarh was the kingdom of [[Bhati]] [[rajput]]s and hence its earlier name was [[Bhatner]]. [[Bikaner State#Maharajas|Maharaja Surat Singh Rathore]] (b.1787 – d.1828) of [[Bikaner State]] won this fort on Tuesday. Since Tuesday is the auspicious day of the Hindu deity [[Hanuman]], Surat Singh renamed Bhatner to "Hanumangarh" - the Fort of Hanuman the Hindu-deity. A 1700-year-old [[Bhatner fort]] is situated in the middle of Hanumangarh Town, the description of which can be found in ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bhatner Fort|url=http://hanumangarh.nic.in/places_of_interest.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701185609/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/places_of_interest.htm|archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> A famous [[Bhadrakali]] temple is situated near the town on the banks of Ancient [[Sarasvati river]](Ghaggar river).<ref name="hanumangarh.nic.in">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hanumangarh.nic.in/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225081904/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/ |archive-date=25 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:View of Bhagat Singh Chowk in Hanumanagrh.jpg|thumb|alt=Bhagat singh chowk.|A view of Bhagat Singh Chowk at Hanumangarh Junction.]]
According to [[2011 Indian Census]], Hanumangarh had a total population of 150,958, of which 79,709 were males and 71,249 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 18,094. The total number of literates in Hanumangarh was 102,149, which constituted 67.7% of the population with male literacy of 73.6% and female literacy of 61.1%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Hanumangarh was 76.9%, of which male literacy rate was 83.8% and female literacy rate was 69.28%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 25,486 and 2,463 respectively. Hanumangarh had 30022 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Hanumangarh |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=77401 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Hanumangarh had a population of 129,654. Males constitute 69,583 of the population and females 60,071. The sex ratio was 863 females to 1000 males. Population in the age range of 0–6 years was 18,669. 83,923 people were literates in Hanumangarh which is 64.7% of the total population. The effective literacy of people 7 years and over of age was 75.6%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

== Railway Junction ==
[[File:Hanumangarh railway station.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Hanumangarh railway station.|A view of railway station at Hanumangarh Junction.]]

[[Hanumangarh Junction railway station]] is a major railway station on [[Jodhpur-Bathinda line]]; [[Sadulpur]], [[Rewari]], [[Jaipur]], [[Sriganganagar]], [[Anupgarh]], (Canaloop). Earlier both [[meter gauge]] and [[broad gauge]] lines passed through this station and now all lines passing through here have been converted to broad gauge. There is also a [[Level junction|Diamond Railway Crossing]]. In 1982, the broad gauge started from [[Bhatinda]] to [[Suratgarh]] via Hanumangarh. On 1 October 2012, Hanumangarh-Sadulpur metergauge track closed and it was converted into broad gauge. 3 Hanumangarh to Sri Ganganagar passenger trains are running on the broad gauge track. This track provides smooth rail traffic between two strategically important cantonments at [[Jaisalmer]] (Rajasthan) and [[Udhampur]] (J&k) via Hanumangarh, [[Sriganganagar]] and [[Firozpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/search/hmh-hanumangarh-junction-to-sgnr-shri-ganganagar-junction/112/0/2104|title=Hanumangarh to Shri Ganganagar: 9 Trains, Shortest Distance: 66 km - Railway Enquiry|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

== Tehsils ==
There are 7 following [[tehsil]]s in the district Hanumangarh: Hanumangarh, [[Sangaria, India|Sangaria]], [[Pilibanga]], [[Nohar]], [[Bhadra, Rajasthan|Bhadra]], [[Rawatsar]] and [[Tibbi]].

== Language ==
[[Hindi]] is the official language and [[Indian English|English]] is additional official.<ref name="langoff"/> Bagri language is the major language in Hanumangarh.<ref>Lakhan Gusain 2000. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)</ref> [[Punjabi language]] is also used as a second language in most areas of the district in northern part of Rajasthan.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

[[File:GNMPGC Hanumangarh.jpg|thumb|alt=Govt NMPG college.,Ryan collage for higher education, Sara institute of engineering and technology.|Government Nehru Memorial PG College in Hanumangarh town.]]

== Places of interest ==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2020}}
*Bhatner Fort
*Gurudwara Baba Sukha Singh Maihtab Singh Ji
*Shila Mata or Sheela Peer Mandir
*Bhadrakali Temple, 8 Hmh, Rajasthan at the basin on Ghaghar river, near Amarpura Theri
*Goga Ji Temple, Gogamedi
*Ancient Kalibanga city

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hanumangarh district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hanumangarh district]]

Hanumangarh - Revision history

>Ranadhira at 13:17, 7 July 2021