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{{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Hardoi district}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hardoi
| native_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.42|N|80.12|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Administrative division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lucknow division|Lucknow]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name = Jay Prakash Rawat
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 140
| population_total = 126,851
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=24 June 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 241001
| registration_plate = UP-30
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 868 [[female|♀]]/1000 [[male|♂]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Languages
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Awadhi]]
| website = {{URL|www.hardoi.nic.in}}
| footnotes =

}}

'''Hardoi''' is a city and [[municipal board]] in [[Hardoi district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Hardoi district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecourts.gov.in/hardoi|title=Welcome to Official Website of District Court Hardoi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703070247/http://www.ecourts.gov.in/hardoi|archive-date=3 July 2018|access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref>

==History==
The early history of Hardoi is obscure.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Hardoi - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=199-203 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48076 |access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> The name suggests a [[Bhar]] origin, but tradition either attributes it to a [[Thathera]] ruler named Raja Harnakas or to a religious devotee named Hardeo Babar who supposedly lived here around 1000 CE.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In any case, the site was inhabited from an early date; below the old town is an ancient ''[[Khera (archaeology)|khera]]'' that covers 16 acres.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Around 1300, a group of [[Chamar Gaur]]s led by one Sale Singh are said to have conquered the place from the Thatheras, destroyed their fortress, and re-founded the city.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, Hardoi consisted of two distinct parts: "old" Hardoi, occupying the original site of the village, and "new" Hardoi, which was developed after the establishment of the British civil station in the late 1850s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> "New" Hardoi had wide streets, well-shaded by trees, and consisted mostly of the homes of civil officials and members of the local bar, as well as shops.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Victoria Hall, built in 1888, contained the municipal and district offices as well as a public library (with books in English, Urdu, Hindi, Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit) and a clock tower.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The city also had a courthouse, police station, dispensary, orphanage, several schools, post and telegraph offices, and jail.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Hardoi was not at the time a major commercial centre; the main trade involved gathering grain from the rural parts of the district and then exporting it by rail.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> There was a grain market at Railwayganj, by the train station, while the main market was at Hardeoganj, which held bazaars on Sundays and Wednesdays.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The Gibsonganj quarter, near Railwayganj, had a colony of carpenters who did "extensive business in plough handles, cart wheels, and other portions of country carts."<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

==Geography==
Hardoi is located at {{Coord|27.42|N|80.12|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Hardoi.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc — Hardoi |publisher=Fallingrain.com |access-date=10 November 2011}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|134|m|ft}}. Hardoi is located at 110 km from [[Lucknow]] (capital of [[Uttar Pradesh]]) and 394 from [[New Delhi]] (capital of India).
The Ganges and several of its tributaries are crossing the south of Hardoi district. Its area is 5947 square kilometres. The record height is 500  ft. In 1995, Hardoi district had 5 square kilometres of dense forest and 13 square kilometres of open forest.
The length of this district from northwest to southeast is 125.529  km and width from east to west are 74.83  km.
District Hardoi comprises five tehsils (Hardoi, Shahabad, Bilgram, Sandila, and Sawayajpur), 19 blocks, 191 Nyay Panchayat, 1101 Gram Sabha, and 1901 inhabited revenue villages. [[Sandi Bird Sanctuary]] created in 1990, previously, "Dahar Jheel", is an important ecotourism bird [[habitat]].
Gomati river flows mainly in Hardoi.

It also has 7 Nagar Palika Parishads & 6 Nagar Panchayats . Geographical area is 5947 km<sup>2</sup>.
As per census 2011 population of the district is 4091380, out of which Female are 1887116 & Male are 2204264.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hardoi.nic.in/|title=Official Website of District Hardoi - Uttar Pradesh}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Hardoi (1981–2010, extremes 1950–2012)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|width = auto
| Jan record high C = 28.9
| Feb record high C = 34.0
| Mar record high C = 40.6
| Apr record high C = 44.4
| May record high C = 47.0
| Jun record high C = 48.3
| Jul record high C = 42.5
| Aug record high C = 39.6
| Sep record high C = 39.5
| Oct record high C = 38.2
| Nov record high C = 34.5
| Dec record high C = 31.8
|year record high C = 48.3
| Jan high C = 20.3
| Feb high C = 24.2
| Mar high C = 30.3
| Apr high C = 36.9
| May high C = 38.8
| Jun high C = 37.9
| Jul high C = 33.5
| Aug high C = 32.6
| Sep high C = 32.2
| Oct high C = 31.8
| Nov high C = 28.1
| Dec high C = 23.2
|year high C = 30.8
| Jan low C = 8.9
| Feb low C = 11.7
| Mar low C = 15.9
| Apr low C = 21.7
| May low C = 25.6
| Jun low C = 27.4
| Jul low C = 26.6
| Aug low C = 26.2
| Sep low C = 24.9
| Oct low C = 20.5
| Nov low C = 14.7
| Dec low C = 10.3
|year low C = 19.5
| Jan record low C = 0.7
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Mar record low C = 6.3
| Apr record low C = 12.0
| May record low C = 14.8
| Jun record low C = 18.5
| Jul record low C = 14.0
| Aug record low C = 16.0
| Sep record low C = 19.0
| Oct record low C = 11.1
| Nov record low C = 6.1
| Dec record low C = 1.7
|year record low C = 0.7
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 17.1
| Feb rain mm = 17.4
| Mar rain mm = 9.4
| Apr rain mm = 6.1
| May rain mm = 24.7
| Jun rain mm = 89.6
| Jul rain mm = 231.6
| Aug rain mm = 216.1
| Sep rain mm = 196.2
| Oct rain mm = 40.9
| Nov rain mm = 1.7
| Dec rain mm = 10.1
|year rain mm = 861.0
| Jan rain days = 1.3
| Feb rain days = 1.3
| Mar rain days = 0.9
| Apr rain days = 0.8
| May rain days = 2.0
| Jun rain days = 4.4
| Jul rain days = 10.0
| Aug rain days = 10.3
| Sep rain days = 7.6
| Oct rain days = 1.4
| Nov rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.8
|year rain days = 41.3
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 65
| Feb humidity = 55
| Mar humidity = 44
| Apr humidity = 32
| May humidity = 36
| Jun humidity = 47
| Jul humidity = 72
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 73
| Oct humidity = 61
| Nov humidity = 59
| Dec humidity = 64
|year humidity = 57
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Hardoi Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 315–316
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M216
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Hardoi had a total population of 126,851, of which 66,352 were males and 60,499 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,048. Hardoi had an average literary rate of 76%, of which male literacy was 79.5% and female literacy was 72.1%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 12,277 and 4 respectively. Hardoi had 21949 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Hardoi |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=161607 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref>

==Economy==
As of 1971, the economy of Hardoi was described as a hybrid between the service, commercial, and industrial sectors.<ref name="Census 1971">{{cite book |title=Census 1971 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part X-A: Village & Town Directory, District Hardoi |date=1972 |pages=viii-xi, 8-9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1130/1/45148_1971_HAR.pdf |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> The main items imported were [[kerosene]] oil, [[cane sugar]], and [[cloth]].<ref name="Census 1971"/> The main items manufactured were [[sugar]], [[groundnut oil]], and [[Lime (material)|lime]].<ref name="Census 1971"/> The biggest exports were sugar, groundnut oil, and [[arhar]].<ref name="Census 1971"/>

==Education==
*[[Kendriya Vidyalaya, Hardoi]]
*[[Seth M.R. Jaipuria School, Hardoi]]
*[[Saint James School, Hardoi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Official|http://hardoi.nic.in }}

{{Hardoi district|Atrauli = }}
{{Lucknow division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hardoi| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Uttar Pradesh]]

Hardoi - Revision history

>3 kids in a trenchcoat at 02:09, 22 June 2021