2405:201:6007:498F:FC88:3C3D:4734:419F at 20:45, 3 January 2022

2022-01-03T20:45:23Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Hardoi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hardoi district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|District of Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Hardoi.svg
| map_caption = Location of Hardoi district in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Hardoi
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lucknow division|Lucknow]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Hardoi]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = [[Hardoi]], [[Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahabad]], [[Sawayajpur]], [[Bilgram]] and [[Sandila]].
| area_total_km2 = 5947
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 4,092,845
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 50%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 856
| leader_title = M.P.
| leader_name = Jay Prakash Rawat
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 8
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = http://hardoi.nic.in/
}}

'''Hardoi district''' is a [[Districts of Uttar Pradesh|district]] situated in the center of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. The district headquarters is in the city of [[Hardoi]]. Hardoi is the third largest district of Uttar Pradesh. It falls under Lucknow division in the history region of [[Oudh State|Awadh]]

As of the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], the total population of Hardoi district is 4,092,845 people, in 730,442 households.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Hardoi, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=xiii-xv, 4-5, 578-81|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0924_PART_A_DCHB_HARDOI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> It is the 13th-most populous district in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==History==
The present-day Hardoi district was created by the British after their takeover of Awadh in 1856.<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Hardoi - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=1–18, 59-71, 100, 134–142 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48076 |access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref> At the time of [[Akbar]] in the 1500s, the area of the modern district was divided between the [[sarkar (country subdivision)|sarkar]]s of [[Lucknow]] and [[Khairabad, Sitapur|Khairabad]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Five ''mahal''s were in Lucknow sarkar: [[Sandila]], [[Mallanwan]], Kachhandao, "Garanda" (probably a miscopying of [[Gundwad|Gundwa]]), and [[Bilgram]].<ref name="Gazetteer" /> The [[Ain-i-Akbari]] does list a mahal of Hardoi in Lucknow district, but this was referring to the [[Hardoi, Raebareli|Hardoi]] in modern [[Rae Bareli district]] instead of the one in Hardoi district.<ref name="Gazetteer" /> As for the sarkar of Khairabad, the mahals of [[Gopamau]], Sara, [[Bawan]], [[Sandi, Uttar Pradesh|Sandi]], [[Pali, Hardoi|Pali]], and Barwar-Anjana were either partially or entirely in the territory of modern Hardoi district.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

In the following centuries, the administrative setup in the area underwent various changes.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[pargana]] of [[Balamau]] was formed out of Sandila around the end of Akbar's reign, and it included an area of 42 villages cleared from the jungle by a [[Kurmi]] named Balai.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The pargana of Barwan was also established at an early date, being split off from Sandi.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Kalyanmal]] became a separate pargana during the reign of [[Aurangzeb]], when a fort was built there; it had previously been part of Gundwa.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahabad]] became a pargana in 1745, almost 70 years after the town itself was established; it was split off from the pargana of Pali.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Pachhoha was separated from Pali to become a pargana in about 1840.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The pargana of [[Katiari]] was formed in the early 1800s by taking some areas belonging to Sandi and some belonging to Pali, and the small pargana of [[Saromannagar]] was created in 1803 from parts of Pali and parts of Sara.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Mansurnagar]] was created in 1806 from parts of Sara and Gopamau.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Bangar (pargana)|Bangar]] was split off from Bilgram in 1807, when the lowlands (''kachh'') and uplands (''bangar'') of Bilgram were separated.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Finally, Barwar-Anjana was entirely dismantled in 1703 and replaced with 9 smaller parganas, including [[Pindwara]], [[Pihani]], and [[Alamnagar]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Under the [[Nawabs of Awadh]], the area of present-day Hardoi district was divided between several different [[chakla]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Sandila became a chakla in 1821, consisting of the parganas of Sandila, Mallanwan, Kachhandao, and [[Malihabad]] (the last of which is now in [[Lucknow district]]).<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Hardoi district was first formed after the British annexed Awadh in February 1856, and it was originally called '''Mallanwan district''' because its headquarters were at Mallanwan.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> After the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 uprising]] the seat was moved to Hardoi due to its more central location.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> At that time, Hardoi district consisted of four [[tehsil]]s: Shahabad, Hardoi, Bilgram, and Sandila.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Shahabad tehsil contained eight parganas: Shahabad, Pali, Pachhoha, Saromannagar, Barwan, Mansurnagar, Alamnagar, and Pindarwa-Pihani.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Hardoi tehsil contained the parganas of Bangar, Gopamau, Sara, and Bawan.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Bilgram tehsil contained the parganas of Bilgram, Mallanwan, Kachhandao, Sandi, and Katiari; and finally, Sandila tehsil comprised the four parganas of Sandila, Gundwa, Kalyanmal, and Balamau.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In 1869, Sara pargana was divided into Sara North and Sara South, and Sara North was transferred into Shahabad tehsil, while at the same time Barwan was transferred into Hardoi tehsil.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

==Geography==
Hardoi is the westernmost district of [[Awadh]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Its eastern border is formed by the [[Gomti River]], which separates it from [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]] and [[Lakhimpur Kheri district|Lakhimpur Kheri]] districts.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> To the south, it borders [[Lucknow district|Lucknow]] and [[Unnao district|Unnao]] districts.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> On the west, its border is formed partly by the [[Sendha]] river until it joins the [[Ramganga]], and then the district border cuts south to the [[Ganges]], which then forms the western boundary the rest of the way.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

There are two main geographic divisions of Hardoi district: the ''[[kachh]]'' or lowlands in the west and the ''[[Khadir and Bangar|bangar]]'' or uplands in the east.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The dividing line between them is a high bank of barren sandhills on the east side of the [[Garra]] basin, running north-south in the western part of the district.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

In the east, a broad upland belt with sandy soil overlooks the Gomti.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Between them and the river, there is a small area of [[tarai]] lowlands with mostly poor sandy soil, some of which is covered by swamps.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The uplands are characterized by rolling sandhills, which are often covered with tufts of [[munj grass]] several meters tall.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> These hills are otherwise dry and barren, and they present a constant hazard to the farms below them because they are liable to shift during high winds.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> They are most prominent in the area around Gopamau.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The sandy ridges are broken up by steep ravines, which drain the water that collects in lower-lying areas to the west.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In some of those depressions, there are large reedy swamps.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Further west is the [[Sai River (Uttar Pradesh)|Sai]] valley, which consists of alternating patches of loamy and clayey soil.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> There are many depressions and [[jhil]]s, stretches of barren [[usar]] land, and, historically, scattered patches of [[Butea monosperma|dhak]] jungle.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Especially in the north, the banks of the Sai were in many places heavily forested.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Further south, both banks of the Sai are high and sandy, although here it is much more fertile than along the Gomti.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Between them and the river itself, there are narrow strips of tarai lowlands, vulnerable to flooding.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

The western border of the bangar uplands is formed by another high bank of barren sandhills, which mark the eastern part of the Garra basin and may have once done the same for the Ganges.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> This bank is narrow, scoured by many ravines, and slopes steeply down to the kachh lowlands on the west.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> These lowlands are traversed by many rivers and streams, and they are prone to flooding and often covered by marshes.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Continuing westward, the final river that crosses the kachh is the mighty Ganges, whose course often shifts around in its extremely wide bed.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The annual floods cover this entire lowlying area, depositing a sandy soil which is less conducive to agriculture than the more loamy deposits of the Garra and Ramganga.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Hardoi district was once heavily wooded, especially in the upland areas, but by the turn of the 20th century much of this had been cleared, mostly since the 1870s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The remaining jungle at that time was described as mostly dhak, [[karaunda]], and scrub, with other trees such as the [[banyan|bargad]], [[Ficus religiosa|pipal]], [[pakar]], [[shisham]], and [[neem]] being much less common and "mere relics of the old jungles."<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

===Geology===
The geology of Hardoi district is fairly unremarkable, with most of the district being covered in Gangetic [[alluvium]] like the rest of the Awadh region.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In the eastern parts of the district, the surface soil is a reddish clay with an average depth of about 8 feet.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Below that is black clay, which is 2 to 10 feet deep.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Below that is sandy soil, either grey, white, or yellow and unmixed with clay.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In the Sai basin, the sandy layer is closer to the surface; above it is sandy clay, and at the top is a thin layer of yellow clay.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> For three miles on either side of the Sai, the surface is pure sand.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Around the jhils near Pipri, the bottom sandy layer gives way to a bluish, sandy clay, possibly marking an ancient river channel.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

===Wildlife===
The [[blackbuck]] is a common site all throughout the district, especially in the area around Gopamau and along the sandy banks of the Gomti.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Indian wolf|wolves]] are also sometimes seen in the ravines along the Gomti and other rivers in the district, but not in especially large numbers.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Nilgai]]s are most common in the tamarisk jungles around Dharampur between the Ganga and Ramganga, but they are also found in the larger dhak jungles to the east and northeast.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Rarely, [[leopard]]s are seen in the jungles north of [[Pihani]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[chital]], or spotted deer, was once fairly common in the area, but by the early 20th century it had "practically disappeared".<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[four-horned antelope]] was also formerly native to the area, but the last one known was shot by hunters in 1865.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Jackal]]s and [[hare]]s are very common.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Common birds in the district include the [[grey partridge]] and [[quail]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The [[black partridge]] is also found in the grass jungles along the Gomti, as well as a few other scattered areas.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> During colder months, [[snipe]] are also a common sight.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Geese]] and [[duck]]s inhabit the district's various jhils.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

[[Sandi Bird Sanctuary]] is a freshwater marsh and wildlife sanctuary located in Hardoi district, 19km from the city of Hardoi.<ref name="RSIS">{{Cite web|title=Sandi Bird Sanctuary|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2409|accessdate=14 June 2021}}</ref> It is typical of wetlands in the Indo-Gangetic plains and receives most of its water from monsoon rains.<ref name="RSIS"/> Rich in aquatic plant life and home to a large population of [[waterfowl]], the sanctuary is managed jointly by the Office of the Conservator of Forests and local forest and wildlife officials.<ref name="RSIS"/> It is a popular recreation spot and tourist destination.<ref name="RSIS"/> The sanctuary is vulnerable to drought; in 2014 and 2015 it was dry, and the local bird population declined precipitously.<ref name="RSIS"/> It was designated as a [[Ramsar site]] on 26 September 2019.<ref name="RSIS"/>

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Hardoi one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 34 districts in Awadh, Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

==Divisions==
[[File:Hardoi district subdivisions map.png|thumb|Map of Hardoi district's tehsils and blocks]]
Hardoi district is divided into five [[tehsil]]s - Hardoi, [[Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahabad]], [[Sawayajpur]], [[Bilgram]], and [[Sandila]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> These tehsils consist of 19 blocks ([[Ahrori]], [[Hariyawan]], [[Sursa]], [[Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahabad]], [[Bharkhani]], [[Bharawan]], [[Harpalpur, Hardoi|Harpalpur]], [[Bilgram]], [[Madhoganj]], [[Mallawan]], [[Tadiyawan]], [[Tondarpur]], [[Kothwan]], [[Sandila]], [[Behadar]], [[Pihani]], [[Sandi, Uttar Pradesh|Sandi]], [[Kachhauna]], [[Bawan]]).<ref name="Census 2011"/> The district has 1,101 [[gram panchayat]]s and 2,070 revenue villages (1,907 of them are inhabited and 163 are uninhabited).<ref name="Census 2011"/> There are also 191 [[Nyaya panchayat]]s.

The district has 13 towns, including 7 [[Nagar Palika Parishad]]s (municipal boards) and 6 [[Nagar Panchayat]]s.<ref name="Census 2011"/> There was previously also the [[census town]] of [[Som, Uttar Pradesh|Som]], but it was reclassified as a village for the 2011 census.<ref name="Census 2011"/> The current towns in the district are listed below:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Town name
! Classification
! Tehsil
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahabad]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Shahabad || 80,226
|-
| [[Pihani]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Shahabad || 36,014
|-
| [[Pali, Hardoi|Pali]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Sawayajpur || 18,708
|-
| [[Gopamau]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Hardoi|| 15,526
|-
| [[Hardoi]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Hardoi || 197,029
|-
| [[Sandi, Uttar Pradesh|Sandi]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Bilgram || 26,007
|-
| [[Bilgram]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Bilgram || 29,768
|-
| [[Madhoganj]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Bilgram || 11,523
|-
| [[Mallawan]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Bilgram || 36,915
|-
| [[Kursath, Hardoi|Kursath]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Bilgram || 5,924
|-
| [[Kachhauna Patseni]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Sandila || 15,647
|-
| [[Beniganj]] || [[Nagar Panchayat]] || Sandila || 10,173
|-
| [[Sandila]] || [[Nagar Palika Parishad]] || Sandila || 58,346
|}

This district is a district of the Lucknow Commissionary in Uttar Pradesh Province of India, it is situated in between 26-53 to 27-46 north latitude and 79-41 to 80-46 east longitude. Its north border touches [[Shahjahanpur district]] and [[Lakhimpur Kheri]] district. Lucknow (capital of U.P.) and [[Unnao]] are situated at the southern border. The western border touches [[Kanpur]] (industrial city of U.P.) and [[Farrukhabad district]] and on the eastern border the [[Gomati River]] separates the district from the [[Sitapur district]]. 'Nemisharayan, the Pilgrim of [[Dvapara Yuga]] (3rd age)' is just 45 km from district headquarters. The length of this district from northwest to southeast is 125.529 km and width from east to west is 74.83 km., the area 5947 km<sup>2</sup>.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=10,92,236|13=1911|14=11,20,542|15=1921|16=10,83,727|17=1931|18=11,26,750|19=1941|20=12,39,083|21=1951|22=13,61,562|23=1961|24=15,73,171|25=1971|26=18,49,519|27=1981|28=22,74,929|29=1991|30=27,47,082|31=2001|32=33,98,306|33=2011|34=40,92,845|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=left}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Hardoi district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 4,092,845,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Lebanon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Lebanon 4,143,101 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Oregon 3,831,074
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 51st in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 683 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.39%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Hardoi has a [[sex ratio]] of 868 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males (the 62nd-highest ratio in Uttar Pradesh) and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 64.6%.(51st in the state).<ref name="Census 2011"/> Additionally, 15.9% of the district's population is in the 0-6 age group as of 2011.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

In 1901, the population of Hardoi district was 1,092,834 and Hardoi had 12,174 inhabitants. By the time, the main city was Shahabad with 20,036 inhabitants, [[Mallanwan]] 11,158.

=== Language ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
| caption=Hardoi district: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C16"/>
|label1 = Hindi |value1 = 97.43 |color1 = Yellow
|label2 = Urdu |value2 = 2.45 |color2 = Red
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.12 |color3 = Black
}}
The predominant language spoken in Hardoi district is the [[Kannauji language|Kannauji]] dialect of Hindi.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> This sets it apart from the other districts in Awadh, where the [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] dialect is spoken.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> However, in the eastern parts of Hardoi district, the form of Kannauji spoken is very close to the form of Awadhi spoken in neighbouring Unnao and Sitapur districts.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 97.45% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]] (or a related language) and 2.45% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-C16"/>

{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! colspan=4| Hardoi district: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Uttar Pradesh |url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! Mother tongue code
! Mother tongue
! People
! Percentage
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 002007 || [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 265
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006030 || [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 421
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.01%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 006240 || [[Hindi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,987,645
| style="text-align:right;" | 97.43%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 016038 || [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,575
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.09%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 022015 || [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 100,136
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.45%
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| style="text-align:center;" | –
|| [[Languages of India|Others]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 803
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.02%
|-valign=top class="sortbottom"
| colspan=2 | Total
| style="text-align:right;" | 4,092,845
| style="text-align:right;" | 100.00%
|-
|}

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Hardoi District<ref name="Census 2011 religion">{{cite web |title=Hardoi District Religion Census 2011 |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/district/526-hardoi.html |publisher=census2011.co |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|75.71}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|23.59}}
{{bar percent|Others|blue|0.70}}
}}
The majority of Hardoi district's population are [[Hindu]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The proportion of Hindus in the district is high for Awadh, but lower than some districts such as [[Unnao district|Unnao]], [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]], and [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Most Hindus in Hardoi district do not belong to any particular sect, which have relatively few followers compared to other districts.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Muslim]]s are most numerous in the district's old historic towns, although they are still usually in the minority there.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> [[Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahabad]] and [[Sandila]] are home to high proportions of Muslims, while in [[Hardoi]] itself the proportion is lower.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Over 90% of the district's Muslims practice [[Sunni Islam]]; the proportion that practices [[Shia Islam]] is somewhat higher than average for the region, but not especially so.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

== Notable people ==
Notable people from the district include:

* [[Brajesh Pathak]] – Cabinet Minister in [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].
* [[Babu Mohan Lal Verma]] – local leader of the [[Seva Dal|Indian independence movement]] from 1932, and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member of the national legislative assembly (Vidhan Sabha)]] 1956-1967

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://hardoi.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Hardoi district
|North = [[Kheri district]]
|Northeast = [[Sitapur district]]
|East = [[Lucknow district]]
|Southeast = [[Unnao district]]
|South = [[Kanpur Nagar district]]
|Southwest = [[Kannauj district]]
|West = [[Farrukhabad district]]
|Northwest = [[Shahjahanpur district]]
}}

{{Hardoi district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Lucknow division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|27|25|N|80|15|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd|display=title}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hardoi District}}
[[Category:Hardoi district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lucknow division]]

Hardoi district - Revision history

2405:201:6007:498F:FC88:3C3D:4734:419F at 20:45, 3 January 2022