CleanupBot II at 00:07, 14 August 2023

2023-08-14T00:07:14Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Harikambhoji
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent = [[Mixolydian mode]]
| similar =
}}

'''Harikambhoji''' (pronounced harikāmbhōji) is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 28th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system.

One of the first scales employed by the ancient Tamils(3BCE) was the ''Mullaipann'', a pentatonic scale composed of the notes ''sa ri ga pa da'', equivalent to C, D, E, G and A in the western notations. These fully harmonic scales, constitutes the raga [[Mohanam]] in the Carnatic music style. ''Mullaipann'' further evolved into ''Sempaalai'', a scale based on seven notes by the addition of two more notes, ''ma'' and ''ni'' to the pentatonic scale. ''Sempaalai pann'' corresponds to the Carnatic raga Harikambhoji.

''[[Khamaj]] [[thaat]]'' of [[Hindustani Music]] is the equivalent to this rāgam.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> It is known as '''Harikedāragowla''' in the [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] school of music.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />

In Western music, [[Mixolydian mode]] is this raga's equivalent

==Structure and Lakshana==
[[Image:Harikambhoji scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Harikambhoji'' scale with Shadjam at C]]
It is the 4th rāgam in the 5th ''chakra Bana''. The mnemonic name is ''Bana-Bhu''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ri ga ma pa dha ni sa''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}
(notes used in this scale are ''chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, chatushruti daivatam, kaishiki nishadham'')

It is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampoorna'' rāgam]] – rāgam having all 7 ''[[swara]]ms''. It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Vachaspati (ragam)|Vachaspati]]'', which is the 64th ''melakarta''.

== ''Janya'' rāgams ==
''Harikambhoji'' has a lot of ''[[janya]]'' rāgams (derived rāgams) associated with it, of which ''[[Kambhoji]]'' is by far the most famous and frequently sung in concerts. The globally famous pentatonic scale ''[[Mohanam]]'' is also considered a ''janya'' of this rāgam. ''[[Andolika]]''<ref name="raganidhi"/> (also considered as ''janya'' of [[Kharaharapriya]]), ''[[Khamas (raga)|Kamas]]'', ''[[Pashupatipriya]]'',
''[[Kedaragaula]]'', ''Natakurinji'', ''[[Navarasa kannada]]'', ''[[Sahana ragam|Sahana]]'', ''Senchuruti'', ''Suruti'' , ''Sudhasaveri'', ''Kamas'' and ''[[Yadukulakamboji|Yadukula kambhoji]]'' are also very popular janyas.

See [[List of Janya Ragas#Harikambhoji|List of ''janya'' rāgams]] for a full list of ''Harikambhoji's janya'' rāgams.

== Compositions ==
Among the Trinity of Carnatic music, only [[Thyagaraja]] has composed songs in ''Harikambhoji''. He has composed the popular kritis ''Ramanannu brovara'', ''Entara Neethana'', ''Nenendhu Vedakudhura'', ''Enduku Nirdaya'', '' Undedi Ramudu'', ''Chanithodi'', ''Dinamani Vamsha'' amongst many others.

[[Papanasam Sivan]] has composed ''Enadhu manam kavalai'', ''Pamalaikkinai Undo'' and ''Paadamalar Tunaiye'' which are popularly performed among other kritis.

Other popular compositions include:
''Muruga Tirumal Maruga'' by [[Thanjavur Sankara Iyer]], ''Saketha Nagara Natha'' by [[Mysore Sadashiva Rao]], ''Rama na Moralincara'' by [[Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavatar]], ''Vinata Suta Vahanudai'' by [[KV Srinivasa Iyengar]], ''Karomi smaranam shashanka-vadanam'' by [[Ashok R Madhav]].

==Film Songs==
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Song
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Movie
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Year
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Composer
!style="background:#BC8F8F" |Singer
|-
|{{proper name|Gnayiru Enbathu}}
|[[Kaakum Karangal]]
|1965
| rowspan="4" |[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kalviya Selvama Veerama
|[[Saraswati Sabatham]]
|1966
|rowspan="6"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Sathiyame Latchiyamai
|[[Neelamalai Thirudan]]
|1957
|-
|Ennirandhu 16 Vayathu
|[[Annai Illam]]
|1963
|-
|Anbulla Maanvizhiye
|[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]
|1965
| rowspan="6" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|-
|Ore Padal Unnai Azhaikkum
|[[Engirundho Vandhaal]]
|1970
|-
|Sumaithaangi Saaindhaal
|[[Thanga Pathakkam]]
|1974
|-
|Mellapo Mellapo
|[[Kaavalkaaran]]
|1967
| rowspan="3" |[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Kungamapottin Mangalam
|[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]
|1968
|-
|Vizhiye Vizhiye
|[[Puthiya Bhoomi]]
|1968
|-
|{{proper name|Acham Enbadhu Madamaiyada}}
|[[Mannadhi Mannan]]
|1960
| rowspan="15" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| rowspan="4" |[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Malargalai Pol Thangai
|[[Pasamalar]]
|1961
|-
|Kelvi Piranthathu
|[[Pachai Vilakku (1964 film)|Pachai Vilakku]]
|1964
|-
|Silar Siripaar Silar Azhuvaar
| rowspan="2" |[[Paava Mannippu]]
| rowspan="2" |1961
|-
|Kalangalil Aval Vasantham
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
|Anbumanam Kanindhapinne
|[[Aalukkoru Veedu]]
|1960
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Unnai Ondru Ketpen
|[[Puthiya Paravai]]
|1964
| rowspan="3" |[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Athaimadi Methaiyadi
|[[Karpagam]]
|1963
|-
|Muthana Muthallavo
|[[Nenjil Or Aalayam]]
|1962
|-
|Kavalaigal Kidakattum
|[[Bandha Pasam]]
|1962
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
|Odam Nadhiyinile
|[[Kathiruntha Kangal]]
|1962
| rowspan="2" |[[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
|Devankoyil Maniyosai
|[[Mani Osai]]
|1963
|-
|Thookam Un Kangalai
|[[Aalayamani]]
|1962
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Ammavuku Manasukulle
|[[Manapanthal]]
|1961
|S. C. Krishnan
|-
|Amaithiyaana Nathiyinile
|[[Aandavan Kattalai]]
|1964
|rowspan="2"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Naan Malarodu Thaniyaga
|[[Iru Vallavargal]]
|1966
|[[Vedha (composer)|Vedha]]
|-
|Naane Naana
|[[Azhage Unnai Aarathikkiren]]
|1979
|rowspan="19"|[[Ilayaraja]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Manasukkulle Nayana
|[[Mallu Vetti Minor]]
|1990
|[[Arunmozhi]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Megam Karukayilae
|[[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]
|1984
|[[Ilayaraja]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Nadhi Odum Karaiyoram
|rowspan=2|[[Aavarampoo]]
|rowspan=2|1992
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Mandhiram Idhu
|rowspan="6"|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Kanavu Kaanum
|[[Neengal Kettavai]]
|1984
|-
|Pottu Vaitha Oru Vatta Nila
|[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]
|1991
|-
|Pazhamuthir Cholai
|[[Varusham Padhinaaru]]
|1989
|-
|Adi Kaana Karunkuyile
|[[Poonthotta Kaavalkaaran]]
|1988
|-
|Vaana Malai
|[[Idhu Namma Bhoomi]]
|1992
|-
|Eduthu Vecha
|[[Ninaive Oru Sangeetham]]
|1987
|[[S. Janaki]], [[S. P. Balasubramaniam]](Pathos)
|-
|Sandhu Pottu
|[[Thevar Magan]]
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubramaniam]], [[Kamal Haasan]]
|-
|Enna Paada Sollathey
|[[Aan Paavam]]
|rowspan=2|1985
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Chinna Kuyil Paadum Pattu
|[[Poove Poochooda Vaa]]
|rowspan=2|[[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Thenmadurai Seemaiyile
|[[Thangamana Raasa]]
|1989
|-
|Oru Naal Oru Kanavu
|[[Kannukkul Nilavu]]
|2000
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Thendral Varum
|[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]
|2001
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Bhavatharini]]
|-
|Adukku Malli Yeduthu
|[[Aavarampoo]]
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Ennavendru Solvathamma
|[[Rajakumaran (film)|Rajakumaran]]
|1994
|rowspan="2"|[[S. P. Balasubramaniam]]
|-
|En Kadhale
|[[Duet (1994 film)|Duet]]
|1994
|rowspan="12"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
|Chinna Chinna Aasai(Shankarabaranam traces too)
|[[Roja (film)|Roja]]
|1992
|[[Minmini]]
|-
|Uyire Uyire(charanam in Charukesi)
|[[Bombay (film)|Bombay]]
|1995
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Kannukku Mai Azhagu
|[[Pudhiya Mugam]]
|1993
|[[Unni Menon]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Maya Machindra
|[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]
|1996
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Mana Madurai
|[[Minsara Kanavu]]
|rowspan=2|1997
|[[Unni Menon]], [[K. S. Chitra]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
|Nenje Nenje
|[[Ratchagan]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
|Adi Nenthikkitten
|[[Star (2001 film)|Star]]
|2001
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Chitra Sivaraman]]
|-
|Sandakkozhi
|[[Aaytha Ezhuthu]]
|2004
|[[Madhushree]], A. R. Rahman
|-
|Kummi Adi
|[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]
|2006
|[[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]], [[Swarnalatha]], [[Naresh Iyer]], [[Theni Kunjarammal]], Vignesh, Chorus
|-
|Maduraikku Pogathadee
|[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]
|2007
|[[Benny Dayal]], Archith, Darshana KT
|-
|Aathangara Marame
|[[Kizhakku Cheemayile]]
|1993
|rowspan=2|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Meena Ponnu
|[[Nattamai]]
|1994
|[[Sirpy]]
|-
|Kambangade Kambangade
|[[Vaaname Ellai]]
|1992
|[[Maragadha Mani]]
|[[Maragadha Mani]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Vannathi Poochi
|[[Paatti Sollai Thattathe]]
|1988
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[S. P. Balasubramaniam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Aathu Mettu Thopukulle
|[[Manasukketha Maharasa]]
|1989
|rowspan="2"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|[[S. P. Balasubramaniam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Vayakkaadu
|[[Parambarai]]
|1996
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Kannukulle
|[[Dhill]]
|2001
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Manikka Vinayagam]]
|-
|Lesa Lesa
|[[Lesa Lesa]]
|2003
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Thuli Thuliyai (Ragamalika: Harikambhoji, [[Bageshri]])
|[[Ramanujan (film)|Ramanujan]]
|2014
|[[Ramesh Vinayakam]]
|[[Ramesh Vinayakam]], [[Kaushiki Chakrabarty]], Vinaya
|}

===Language:[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Year
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Karmukil Varnante
|[[Nandanam (film)]]
|2002
|[[Raveendran]]
|[[K. S. Chithra]]([[Kerala State Film Awards]])
|}

==Related rāgams==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

''Harikambhoji's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 5 other major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely, ''[[Mechakalyani|Kalyani]]'', ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Sankarabharanam]]'', ''[[Natabhairavi]]'', ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'' and ''[[Hanumatodi]]''. For further details and an illustration refer [[Dheerasankarabharanam#Related rāgams|related rāgams section in ''Shankarabharanam'' page]].

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==

{{reflist|30em}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Melakarta ragas]]

Harikambhoji - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 00:07, 14 August 2023