>Raus06601971 at 18:46, 23 June 2021

2021-06-23T18:46:14Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harnaut
| settlement_type = [[city]]
| image_skyline = Harnaut city west.jpeg
| imagesize = 300px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Sunset view of city
| pushpin_map = Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Harnaut in Bihar
| coordinates = {{coord|25|22|10|N|85|31|55|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Magadh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]]
| subdivision_type4 = Division
| subdivision_name4 = [[Patna division|Patna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name1 = Harinarayan Singh
| leader_title2 = [[District Magistrate|DM]]
| leader_name2 = Sri Yogendra Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 181.60
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 49
| population_total = 1,76,140 <ref name="census2011_provisional">{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=Government of India|access-date=2013-01-23|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|archive-date=2012-05-07|df=}}</ref><ref name=UA1Lakhandabove>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | format=PDF | title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | access-date=26 March 2012 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date=13 November 2011 | df= }}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011 Census
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Magahi language|Magahi ]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 803110
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-6112
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1.08 (1000/914) [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 78.32%
| blank2_name_sec2 = Nearest city
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Bihar Sharif]],Hilsa, [[Rajgir]],Barh, [[Patna]]
| blank3_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec2 = [[Nalanda]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank4_info_sec1 = {{convert|38|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec1 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank5_info_sec1 = {{convert|10|-|15|°C|°F}}
| website = http://nalanda.bih.nic.in/
| footnotes =
| registration_plate = BR-21-XXXX
}}

'''Harnaut''' "हरनौत" is a city in the [[Nalanda District]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]], and the entrance city of [[Nalanda]]. The [[Hindu]], [[Buddhist]] and [[Jain]] pilgrim centres of [[Nalanda]], [[Pawapuri]], [[Rajgir]], [[Bodh Gaya]] and [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] are all near Harnaut. The incumbent [[Chief Minister of Bihar]], [[Nitish Kumar]], is from Harnaut.

==Geography==
[[File:winter Sunset.jpg|thumb|Harnaut evening in spring]]

Harnaut is at an elevation of {{cvt|49|m}} above [[mean sea level]] (MSL).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Harnaut.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-03-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222210746/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Harnaut.html |archive-date=2008-12-22 |df= }} Map and weather of Harnaut</ref> Harnaut is one of the most prominent block of Nalanda District. It is the gateway city of Nalanda, 55 km from [[Patna]], the capital of Bihar state, and 23 km from the [[Nalanda|Ruins of Nalanda]]. It is on the bank of the River Panchane. The land of Harnaut is very fertile. Alluvial soil is deposited by several rivers of the area. There are many local rivers such as the Dhoba, Muhane,Kararua and Panchane. The [[Ganges]] River passes nearby at a distance of 10 km.

==Climate==
[[File:cloudy.jpg|thumb|Weather in rainy season]]
Harnaut has a [[humid subtropical climate]] in the [[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen climate classification]]: (Cwa) with hot summers start from early-March to late-June, the [[monsoon]] season starts from July to late-August and chilly winter nights and foggy or sunny days from November to February. The climate is not much hot in summer. Harnaut summer's highest day temperature is in between 30 °C to 42 °C. The average temperature in January is 13 °C, February is 19 °C, March is 25 °C, April is 30 °C, May is 32 °C.

{{climate chart
|Harnaut
|9|23|20
|12|26|12
|17|33|11
|22|37|9.6
|25|38|37
|27|37|150
|26|33|314
|26|33|273
|25|32|205
|22|32|71
|15|29|7.5
|10|25|6.7
|source=worldweather<ref>[http://worldweather.wmo.int/066/c00534.htm India Meteorological Department] 8 May 2015</ref> wetterkontor.de<ref>[http://wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=in&stat=42492 wetterkontor.de] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151654/http://www.wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=in&stat=42492 |date=2015-04-02 }} 8 May 2015</ref>
|float=right
|clear=none
}}
The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables.
{{Clear}}
{{Weather box|collapsed =
|location = Harnaut, Bihar, India
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 26.0
|Feb record high C = 30.1
|Mar record high C = 34.4
|Apr record high C = 38.6
|May record high C = 40.6
|Jun record high C = 46.6
|Jul record high C = 38.2
|Aug record high C = 36.7
|Sep record high C = 33.5
|Oct record high C = 30.2
|Nov record high C = 28.1
|Dec record high C =25.5
|Jan high C = 22
|Feb high C = 26.1
|Mar high C = 32.4
|Apr high C = 37.4
|May high C = 38.4
|Jun high C = 36.7
|Jul high C = 32.9
|Aug high C = 29.5
|Sep high C = 28.2
|Oct high C = 26.7
|Nov high C = 25.9
|Dec high C = 23.6
|Jan mean C = 15.2
|Feb mean C = 18.9
|Mar mean C = 24.4
|Apr mean C = 29.8
|May mean C = 31.8
|Jun mean C = 31.7
|Jul mean C = 29.5
|Aug mean C = 29.3
|Sep mean C = 28.8
|Oct mean C = 26.7
|Nov mean C = 21.9
|Dec mean C = 19.7
|year mean C = 25.3
|Jan low C = 9.3
|Feb low C = 10.6
|Mar low C = 15.4
|Apr low C = 21.1
|May low C = 22.1
|Jun low C = 25.7
|Jul low C = 26.1
|Aug low C = 21.1
|Sep low C = 20.3
|Oct low C = 18.6
|Nov low C = 14.8
|Dec low C = 10.1
|Jan record low C = 2.1
|Feb record low C = 3.4
|Mar record low C = 8.2
|Apr record low C = 13.3
|May record low C = 15.7
|Jun record low C = 18.3
|Jul record low C = 20.1
|Aug record low C = 19.5
|Sep record low C = 17.0
|Oct record low C = 12.0
|Nov record low C = 7.7
|Dec record low C = 2.2
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm =12.2
|Feb rain mm = 14.1
|Mar rain mm = 09.4
|Apr rain mm = 10.8
|May rain mm = 38.1
|Jun rain mm = 142.5
|Jul rain mm = 381.0
|Aug rain mm = 281.6
|Sep rain mm = 229.3
|Oct rain mm = 78.6
|Nov rain mm = 8.7
|Dec rain mm = 7.0
|year rain mm = 1213.3
|unit rain days =
|Jan rain days = 1.3
|Feb rain days = 1.2
|Mar rain days = 0.7
|Apr rain days = 1.0
|May rain days = 2.7
|Jun rain days = 6.5
|Jul rain days = 14.9
|Aug rain days = 12.8
|Sep rain days = 10.2
|Oct rain days = 3.3
|Nov rain days = 0.6
|Dec rain days = 0.7
|year rain days = 55.9
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 15.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 11.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 11.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 9
|May precipitation mm = 35.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 133.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 302.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 266.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 194.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 24.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 8.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 7.4

|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>
{{cite web|website=Weatherbase|url=http://www.weather-forecast.com/locations/Harnaut/forecasts/latest|title=Harnaut climate variation 2000-2010|access-date=29 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413122941/http://www.weather-forecast.com/locations/Harnaut/forecasts/latest|archive-date=13 April 2016|df=}}</ref>
|date=March 2016
}}

==Overview==
At present this city does not have municipality, but it is under Sabnahua Panchayat. The people of this city are demanding it to be made into a subdivision. In 2016, the Government of Bihar issued a draft order converting Harnaut into a [[Nagar Panchayat]] combining nine villages - Sabnahua, Rupuspur, Poria, Cheran, Basti, Srichandpur and Dihri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urban.bih.nic.in/Letters/LN-01-01-07-2016.pdf|publisher=Urban Housing and Development Department, Government of Bihar|date=1 July 2016|title=Notification|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807001650/http://www.urban.bih.nic.in/Letters/LN-01-01-07-2016.pdf|archive-date=7 August 2016|df=}}</ref>

The incumbent [[chief minister]] of [[Bihar]], Mr. [[Nitish Kumar]], has been elected many times as MLA from Harnaut legislative assembly seat. His native village Kalyan Bigha is 4 km north-west of Haranut.
River Muhane passes 1 km west of the city.

The population of city is around 176140{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}. It is divided into many parts: Beechli Bazar,Chandi road,Gonawan road, Ranchi road, ,station road and Harnaut-Athmalgola Rd. Administrative offices are in Dakbanglow Road. Dakbanglow Road is linked to High School Harnaut, Middle School Harnaut, many tuition centres, a big playground and guest house. Beechli Bazar (Central Market Rd) ,Gonawan road and Chandi Rd is the commercial area of Harnaut. This city is linked to several small roads like - Sartha Rd, Dehra Rd, Swedah Rd, Dwarka Bigha Rd, Gokulpur Rd etc. A small bus stand and a green grocery is located just beside the [[National Highway 31 (India)|NH-31]].
There is a Carriage Repair Workshop under [[East Central Railway]] at [[National Highway 30A (India)|NH-30A]] for POH of 50 Non-AC coaches per month.

== Economy ==

Agriculture is the main source of income, with rice, wheat, pulses, fruits and vegetables being the main crop.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} There is also one railway coach factory located in Harnaut.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Agriculture is the primary activity although tourism in nearby places like Nalanda, Rajgir and Pawapuri boosts economy of this town.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} This town supplies agricultural products like cauliflower, potato, mustard seed and other vegetables to neighbouring states.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Although the economy is mainly based on agricultural products, garments are also manufactured in household industries.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
For the help of farmers, there is [http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/194l Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Harnaut] which provides help to the people of Nalanda district.

== Culture ==

===Festivals===
[[File:Chhat puja Harnaut 2015.jpeg|thumb|200px|Chhath Puja]]
[[File:Navratri 2016 Harnaut.jpeg|thumb|200px|Bharat Mata, Maa Kaali, Maa Durga [[Navratri|Navratra]] Puja 2016 Harnaut]]
[[File:Harnaut Diwali 2015.jpeg|thumb|200px|Buildings are decorated with festive lights for Dipawali]]
* [[Chhath| Chhath Puja]]
* [[Vijayadashami]]
* [[Holi]]
* [[Diwali|Deepawali]]
* [[Saraswati Puja]]

=== Religion ===
{{bar box|title=Religion |titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|96.3}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|1.7}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.5}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.5}}}}

The city's population is predominantly [[Hindu]] with minor [[Muslim]] and [[Christians|Christian]] population. [[Jain]]s, [[Sikh]]s and [[Buddhist]]s are also present because of the most important place for the [[Buddhism]] & [[Jainism]] near [[Rajgir]], [[pawapuri]].
For [[Islamic]] religion City Mosque, for [[Christianity|Christian]] Loyola Catholic Church and for [[Hinduism]] Ramjanki Temple, Mahaveer Temple and more.

===Cuisine of Harnaut===
* '''Sweets'''
[[Desserts|Sweets]] are present in most restaurants as the popularity has increased. Many commercial stores have been established as solely desserts stores.
[[Balushahi]] prepared in Bihar State especially in Harnaut. [[Ras malai]], [[rasgulla]], [[gulab jamun]], and many more.

* '''Street food'''
[[Panipuri]] "Bhaiya, thoda spicy kam rakhna". [[Bhelpuri]] a snack which is a meld of papadis, puffed rice, sev, onions, potatoes, tomatoes, chillies, coriander leaves and chutneys. [[Kachori]] with [[jalebi]], [[Litti (cuisine)]] , [[samosa]], [[chaat]], [[chole bhature]] delicious street foods of Harnaut.

* '''Indo-china/Non-veg cuisine'''
[[Kebab]], [[biryani]], [[Indian Omelette]], chilli chicken/prawn/fish/mutton/vegetables/paneer. Garlic egg/chicken/prawn/fish/mutton/vegetables/paneer. [[Indian Chinese cuisine|Manchurian]], consisting of chicken or vegetables in a spicy sauce. It is entirely a creation of Chinese restaurants. A little resemblance to traditional [[Chinese cuisine]].
[[Chow mein]] A popular dish combining noodles, vegetables, scrambled egg, ginger and garlic, soy sauce, green chili sauce, red chili sauce and vinegar.

* '''Veg cuisine'''
[[Paratha]], [[aloo gobi]], [[baingan bharta]], [[naan]], [[palak paneer]], [[Rajma]] are the special cuisine of city.
{{see also|Bihari Cuisine}}

==Transport and connectivity==
* [[Road network]]:
Harnaut is well connected by roads to different cities. [[National Highway 30A (India)|NH 30A]] connects it to [[Varanasi]], [[Patna]] via [[Fatuha]] to [[Sheikhpura district]], [[Barbigha]], [[Barh]], [[Deoghar]] etc. Harnaut thus serves as the gateway of the Nalanda district to central and southern Bihar. Similarly, [[National Highway 31 (India)|NH 31]] connects it to [[Ranchi]] via [[Hazaribagh]], [[Barhi, Hazaribagh|Barhi]], [[Nawada]], and to northeastern India from [[Mokama]], [[Purnia]], [[Kishanganj]] up to [[Guwahati]].

* [[Rail network]]:
[[File:Night view of Harnaut station.jpeg|thumb|250px|[[Harnaut railway station]]]]
[[Harnaut railway station]] is the main railway station of the city, under [[Danapur railway division|Danapur Division]] of the [[East Central Railway zone]]. Harnaut is connected with the major cities in India like [[New Delhi]], [[Mughalsarai]], [[Lucknow]], [[Asansol]], [[Howrah]] by the [[Howrah-Delhi Main Line]]with daily passenger, express and super fast trains services. Harnaut railway station lies on the [[Bakhtiyarpur-Tilaiya line|Bakhtiyarpur-Gaya main line]]. This is firstly Bakhtiyarpur-Rajgir Line and the line is being further expanded to Natesar to connect with [[Gaya junction]] via [[Tilaiya Junction railway station|Tilaiya junction]].

==See also==
* [[Harnaut railway station]]
* [[Carriage Repair Workshop, Harnaut]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Harnaut-67372.htm About Harnaut]
* [http://www.maplandia.com/india/bihar/nalanda/harnaut/ Satellite map of Harnaut]
* [http://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/1380-harnaut-nalanda-bihar.html Harnaut block]

{{Nalanda district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nalanda district]]

Harnaut - Revision history

>Raus06601971 at 18:46, 23 June 2021