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{{Short description|Third ruling dynasty of Magadha}}

{{More citations needed}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Haryanka Dynasty
| common_name = Haryanka dynasty
| year_start = 544 BCE
| year_end = 413 BCE
| p1 = Pradyota dynasty
| p2 = Kosala
| p3 = Vedic period
| s1 = Shishunaga dynasty
| image_map = Magadha Expansion (6th-4th centuries BCE).png
| image_map_caption = The approximate extent of the Haryanka dynasty between the 6th and 5th century BCE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical Atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (a)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>
| capital = [[Rajgir|Rajagriha]] later [[Pataliputra]]
| common_languages = [[Sanskrit]] [[Magadhi Prakrit]] [[Prakrit|Other Prakrits]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| title_leader = [[List of Magadha monarchs#House of Haryanka|Maharaja]]
| year_leader1 = 544-492 BCE
| leader1 = [[Bimbisara]]
| year_leader2 = 492-460 BCE
| leader2 = [[Ajatashatru]]
| year_leader3 = 460-444 BCE
| leader3 = [[Udayin]]
| year_leader4 = 444-440 BCE
| leader4 = <nowiki>Anuruddha</nowiki>
| year_leader5 = 440-437 BCE
| leader5 = <nowiki>Munda</nowiki>
| leader6 = [[Nāgadāsaka]]
| year_leader6 = 437-413 BCE
| today = [[India]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]] [[Jainism]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dundas|first=Paul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ|title=The Jains|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-50165-6|language=en}}</ref> [[Buddhism]] {{Sfn|Rao|2012|p=92}}
| demonym =
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The '''Haryanka dynasty''' was the third ruling dynasty of [[Magadha]], an empire of [[ancient India]]. Initially, the capital was [[Rajagriha]]. Later, it was shifted to [[Pataliputra]], near the present-day [[Patna]] in [[India]] during the reign of [[Udayin]]. [[Bimbisara]] is considered as the main founder of the dynasty.

According to the Buddhist text, the [[Mahavamsa]], Bimbisara was appointed king by his father, Bhattiya, at the age of fifteen.<ref>{{Harvnb|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=97}}</ref>

This dynasty was succeeded by the [[Shishunaga dynasty]].

==Governance==
The governance structure of Haryanka dynasty is mentioned in ancient texts. They mention ''gramakas'' (village headmen) who headed village assemblies and ''mahamatras'' (high-ranking officials) who had executive, judicial and military functions.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}}

Historically, this period coincided with the [[Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley]] during the rule of [[Darius I]] from about 517/516 BCE.<ref name=CIB>{{cite book |last1=Beckwith |first1=Christopher I. |title=Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6632-8 |pages=7–12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlCUBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7}}</ref>

==Rulers==
===Bimbisara===
{{Main|Bimbisara}}
[[File:Bamboo garden (Venuvana) at Rajagriha, the visit of Bimbisara.jpg|thumb|King [[Bimbisara]] of the [[Magadha]]n Haryanka dynasty visits the Bamboo Garden (Venuvana) in Rajagriha; artwork from [[Sanchi]].]]

Bimbisara reigned from 544 to 492 BCE. The extent of his kingdom is mentioned in ''[[Mahavagga]]''. His advisors included Sona Kolivisa, Sumana (flower gatherer), Koliya (minister), Kumbhaghosaka (treasurer) and [[Jīvaka]] (physician). He was given the title of ''Seniya''.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}}

Both Jain and Buddhist texts claim the king was a follower of their
respective religions. ''[[Uttaradhyayana Sutra]]'' says he was a follower of [[Mahavira]], whereas ''[[Sutta Nipata]]'' depicts him and his wife, [[Khema]], as followers of [[Buddha]]. The latter further mentions he deputed [[Jīvaka]] to assist Buddha's ''[[Sangha]]''.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}} He also married Chellana and [[Kosala Devi]], sister of [[Pasenadi]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|pp=270-271}}

According to [[George Turnour]] and N.L. Dey, the name of the father of Bimbisara was Bhatiya or Bhattiya, but the [[Purana]]s refer him as Hemajit, Kshemajit, Kshetroja or Ksetrauja and the Tibetan texts mention him as [[Mahapadma Nanda|Mahapadma]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=105ff}}</ref>

===Ajatashatru===
{{Main|Ajatashatru}}
[[File:00-machines-of-war-catapult-1708x900.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Ajatashatru]] of Magadha used [[catapults]] against the [[Licchavi (kingdom)|Licchavi]]s.]]
Ajatashatru reigned from 493 to 462 BCE.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=270}} He married [[Princess Vajira|Vajira]], [[Kosala]]'s princess.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=271}}

In some sources, Bimbisara was imprisoned and killed by his son and successor, [[Ajatashatru]], under whose rule the dynasty reached its largest extent. Ajatashatru was contemporary with [[Mahavira]] (599–527 BCE) and [[Gautama Buddha]] (563–483 BCE). Ajatashatru fought a war against the [[Vajjika League]], ruled by the [[Licchavi (tribe)|Lichhavis]], and conquered them.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=271}}

===Udayin===
{{Main|Udayin}}
Udayin or Udayabhadra is mentioned in Buddhist and Jain texts as the successor of Ajatashatru . ''Puranas'' however mention him as the fourth king after Darshaka.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}}

===Later rulers===
''Puranas'' mention Nandivardhana and Mahanandin as successors of Udayin. According to Buddhist tradition, Anurudhha, Munda and [[Nagadarshaka]] were his successors.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}}

===List of Rulers===

*[[Bimbisara]] (544–492 BCE)
*[[Ajatashatru]] (492–460 BCE)
*[[Udayin]] (460–444 BCE)
*Anuruddha (444–440 BCE)
*Munda (440–437 BCE)
*[[Nāgadāsaka]] (437–413 BCE)

==Decline==
Haryanka dynasty was ultimately overthrown out of power by their ''Amatya'' (minister), [[Shishunaga]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}}

==See also==
* [[Magadha-Vajji war]]
* [[Pradyota dynasty]]
* [[Avanti-Magadhan Wars]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{Citation | surname1 = Raychaudhuri | given1 = H.C. | year = 1972 | title = Political History of Ancient India | publisher = Calcutta: University of Calcutta}}
*{{Citation |surname1 = Bhargava |given1 = P.L. |title = The origins of the Nanda |url =http://www.indologica.com/volumes/vol02/vol02_art02_Bhargava.pdf}}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson PLC|Pearson]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}} }}
* {{Citation | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPB7XoSiboUC | title=World history from early times to A D 2000 | first=B .V. | last=Rao | publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd | date=2012 | isbn=9788120731882 }}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Haryanka dynasty
| years = middle of 6th century –425 BCE
| before = [[Pradyota dynasty]]
| after = [[Shishunaga dynasty]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haryanka Dynasty}}
[[Category:Haryanka dynasty| ]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Kingdoms of Bihar]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 6th century BC]]
[[Category:6th-century BC establishments in India]]
[[Category:5th-century BC disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:5th century BC in India]]

Haryanka dynasty - Revision history

BBEntertainment at 04:44, 4 April 2022