>Arvi arvind2014 at 16:45, 4 July 2021

2021-07-04T16:45:20Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Hassan, Karnataka|other uses|Hassan (disambiguation){{!}}Hassan}}
{{original research|date=February 2018}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hassan district
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Karnataka|District]]
| image_skyline = Bahubali sravanabelagola heritageplace.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Bahubali]] statue in [[Shravanabelagola|Sravanabelagola]]
| nickname =
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Hassan district'''
|type=shape |id=Q956732
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Hassan district of Karnataka
|type2=line|id2=Q1185|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Karnataka
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|13|N|76|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]]
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Holenarsipur]], [[Arkalgud]], [[Channarayanapatana]], [[Sakleshpur]], [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], [[Alur, Hassan|Alur]], [[Arasikere]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Deputy Commissioner Rohini Sindhuri
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 6845
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,776,421
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 573201
| area_code = 08172
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = KA-13, KA-46
| website = {{URL|www.hassan.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| official_name =
| Member of Parliament = Prajwal Revanna
| Member of Legislative Assembly = H. S. Prakash
}}
'''Hassan''' is one of the [[districts of Karnataka|31 districts]] of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. The district headquarter is [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]].

Hassan District contains the cities of [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Arsikere]], [[Channarayapatna]], [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], [[Holenarasipura]], [[Sakleshpur]], [[Alur, Hassan|Alur]] and [[Arkalgud]].

== Governance ==
Current Member of Parliament from Hassan is [[Prajwal Revanna]] who is also one of the youngest Lok Sabha member and is grandson of former Prime Minister of India [[H. D. Deve Gowda]].

==History==
Hassan district was the seat of the [[Hoysala Empire]] which at its peak ruled large parts of south India from [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] as its early capital and [[Halebidu]] as its later capital during the period 1000 - 1334 CE.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Hassan |volume=13 |page=51}}</ref>

The district is named Hassan after the Goddess "Haasanamba", the goddess and presiding deity of the town. The history of Hassan district is essentially the history of two of the well known dynasties that have ruled Karnataka, the [[Western Ganga Dynasty]] of Talkad (350 - 999 CE) and the [[Hoysala Empire]] (1000 - 1334 CE). In the 15th and 16th centuries, the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] kings patronised Chennakesava of [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] as their family deity. It was also ruled by [[Adilshahi]]s of [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]] and [[Mughal Empire]] after decline of the Vijayanagar. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Hassan became a land of contention between the [[Keladi Nayaka]]s of Shimoga and the [[Mysore Kingdom]]. It finally merged as an independent [[Mysore kingdom]].

===Modern===
During the 14th century, invasions by the [[Sultanate of Delhi]] weakened the Hoysala state, and the district became part of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref name="Meyer, Sir William Stevenson 1931. p. 64">Meyer, Sir William Stevenson. ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India''. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931. v. 13, p. 64.</ref> In the 15th and 16th centuries, the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] kings patronised Chennakesava of [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] as their family deity. It was also ruled by [[Adilshahi]]s of [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]] and [[Mughal Empire]] after decline of the Vijayanagar. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Hassan became a land of contention between the [[Keladi Nayaka]]s of Shimoga and the [[Mysore Kingdom]]. In 1648 the Mysore rulers built [[Channarayapatna]] fort by treaty with the sultans of Bijapur. A peace treaty was concluded between the Mysore and Keladi rulers in 1694.<ref name="Meyer, Sir William Stevenson 1931. p. 64"/> The district remained part of the Mysore Kingdom at the conclusion of the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] in 1799.

Hassan District and its current boundaries date to the 1860s, when the Mysore Kingdom was organized into 8 districts, and the districts further divided into [[taluk]]s.<ref>Meyer, Sir William Stevenson, et al. ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India''. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931. v. 18, p. 228.</ref> The district had a population of 518,987 in the 1871 census. A famine from 1876 to 1878 reduced the population to 428,344 by 1881. The population was 511,975 in 1891, and 568,919 in 1901. The 1901 census recorded 541,531 Hindus, 16,668 Muslims, 5035 Animists, 3795 Christians, 1874 Jains, and 16 others. The district had 14 towns, and 2546 villages.<ref>Meyer, Sir William Stevenson. ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India''. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908-1931. v. 13, pp 64-65.</ref>

[[Reserved forests and protected forests of India|Reserve forests]] were established in the 19th century, and covered an area of 185 square miles in the district. The forests, with their area in square miles, were: Kempuhole Ghat (16), Kaganeri Ghati (2), Kabbinale Ghat (23), [[Bisle Reserve Forest|Bisale Ghat]] (23), Vijayapur (5), Hirikalgudda (92), Doddabetta (3), Burdalbore (3), Hagare (3), Byaba (2), Sige-gudda (8), Baisur (1), Mallappan-betta (1), and Vantigudda (1). The state established five [[sandalwood]] forests, totaling three square miles: Kemmanbore (232 acres), Gubbi (428 acres), Gadagere (554 acres), Gubbi (1000 acres), and Nakalgud (185 acres).<ref>Rice, B. Lewis. ''Mysore: A Gazetter Compiled by the Government''. Revised Edition 1897; reprinted 2001 by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi. p. 327</ref>

After India's independence in 1947, Mysore Kingdom became Mysore State, which was renamed Karnataka state in 1973.

==List of Temples==
* [[Chennakesava Temple]], [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]
* [[Hoysaleswara Temple]], [[Halebidu]]
* [[Gommateshwara Statue]], [[Shravanabelagola]]
* [[Hasanamba temple|Hasanamba Temple]], Hassan

==Geography==
[[File:In the reflections of Hemavathi - Shettihalli Rosary Church , Hassan 06.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Shettihalli Rosary Church]] also known as the ''Floating Church'' that submerged in water as a result of construction of the Hemavati Dam and Reservoir in 1960<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/travel/photo/-world-heritage-day-10-lesser-known-sites-in-india-that-you-should-add-to-your-bucket-list-1214940-2018-04-18/10 10 lesser known sites in India that you should add to your bucket list] ''[[India Today]]''</ref>]]
[[File:Hemavati dam gorur.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Hemavati River|Hemavati Dam and Reservoir]] in Gorur]]

Lying between 12° 13´ and 13° 33´ North latitudes and 75° 33´ and 76°38´ East longitude, Hassan district has a total area of 6826.15 km².
The geography is mixed with the ''[[malnad]]'' or mountainous region to the west and south west called ''Bisle Ghat'' and the ''maidan'' or plains regions in the north, south and east. There are some areas of degraded forest ranges in central portion of the district.

The district is surrounded by [[Chikmagalur District]] to the north west, [[Chitradurga District]] to the north, [[Tumkur District]] to the east, [[Mandya District]] to the south east, [[Mysore]] to the south, [[Kodagu District]] to the south west and [[Dakshina Kannada]] district to the west.

Hassan and Belur stand around {{convert|3,215|ft|m}} and {{convert|3210|ft|m}} above sea level, respectively.

Most of the district lies in the watershed of the [[Hemavathi River]], a tributary of the [[Kaveri River]]. The general level of Hassan district slopes with the course of the Hemavati, from the peaks of the [[Western Ghats]] downwards to the southeast. The chief tributary of the Hemavathi is the [[Yagachi River]], which flows southward from Belur taluk to join the Hemavathi near Gorur. In 1981 the Hemavathi Dam was completed near Gorur, downstream from the confluence with the Yagachi, creating a reservoir of 8000 hectares.<ref>Sugunan, V. V. (1995). ''Reservoir Fisheries of India'' Issue 345 of FAO fisheries technical paper, Food and Agriculture Organization. ISSN 0429-9345. p. 155</ref> The Hemavathi passes through Holenarsipur taluk in a southerly direction and joins with the Kaveri near Hampapura in Mysore district, close to the border of Hassan district. The Kaveri flows through the southernmost part of the District.

Western portions of the district are drained by the headwaters of the [[Netravati River]], which flows northwestward to empty into the Arabian Sea. Portions of Asikere taluk in the northeast are drained by the Hogari River, a tributary of the [[Tungabhadra River]]. The basins of the Kaveri and Tungabhadra are separated by a range of low granitic hills extending through Belur, Hassan, and Arsikere taluks.

The Bisle Ghat, or Bisale Ghat, is a portion of the Western Ghats range in the western part of the district. Main peaks include Jenkalbetta ({{convert|4558|ft|m}}), the highest peak in the district, Murkangudda ({{convert|4265|ft|m}}), and Devarbetta ({{convert|4206|ft|m}}). [[Pushpagiri (mountain)|Pushpagiri]] (1,712 meters), lies immediately southwest in [[Kodagu]] and [[Dakshina Kannada]] districts. [[Bisle Reserve Forest|Bisle]], Kagneri, Kanchankumari reserve forests cover portions the Bisle Ghat, and adjoin [[Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]] in Kodagu.

==Administrative divisions==
Hassan District is administratively divided into eight [[taluka]]s (Panchayat blocks): [[Alur, Hassan|Alur]], [[Arkalgud]], [[Arsikere]], [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], [[Channarayapatna]], [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Holenarasipura]] (H.N. Pura) and [[Sakleshpur]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Website of Hassan District|publisher=Hassan District Administration|url=http://www.hassan.nic.in/}}</ref> and 258 [[panchayat village]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory: Block Panchayats of Hassan, Karnataka|year=2011|publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=539&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113210907/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewpansumSQL.asp?selstate=539&parenttype=D&ptype=B|archive-date=13 November 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=11 February 2013}}</ref>

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==Demographics==
[[File:Profile of Kedareshwara temple at Halebidu.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Profile of the Kedareshwara temple at Halebidu]]
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Hassan district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,776,421,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/257-hassan.html | title = District Census 2011: Hassan | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[The Gambia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote =Gambia, The 1,797,860 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Nebraska 1,826,341
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 270th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 261 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 3.17%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Hassan has a [[sex ratio]] of 1005 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 75.89%.<ref name=districtcensus/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/city.php |title=City census 2011|publisher=Census-2011}}</ref>{{historical populations|11=1901|12=5,68,919|13=1911|14=5,78,097|15=1921|16=5,81,750|17=1931|18=5,96,937|19=1941|20=6,27,718|21=1951|22=7,15,135|23=1961|24=8,95,847|25=1971|26=11,02,370|27=1981|28=13,57,014|29=1991|30=15,69,684|31=2001|32=17,21,669|33=2011|34=17,76,421|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Transport==

===Air===
There is no operational airport in the city. The nearest airport is [[Mysore Airport|Mysore airport]] and the nearest international airport is [[Kempegowda International Airport]]. [[Hassan Airport, Karnataka|Hassan Airport]] is a proposed airport 10 kilometer east of the city near Boovanahalli village but the project failed to take off.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/229418/govt-draw-hassan-airport-blueprint.html|title=Govt to draw Hassan airport blueprint afresh|date=2012-02-23|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=2018-09-02|language=en}}</ref> Government of India has granted the approval for setting up of 15 Greenfield airports in the country on May 12, 2015. Among 15 Airports Hassan Also approved for Greenfield Airport.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/goi-grants-approval-for-setting-up-of-15-greenfield-airports-in-principle-115051201582_1.html|title=GoI grants approval for setting up of 15 Greenfield airports 'in principle'|last=ANI|date=2015-05-12|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-09-02}}</ref>

===Road===
The [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]] operates connecting Hassan with other parts of Karnataka as well as other states. Hassan is connected by road via national highway No. 75 to the rest of the country.

===Rail===
Hassan comes under the [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]] zone of the [[Indian Railways]]. [[Hassan Junction railway station]] connects it to the rest of the country through the [[Indian Railways]]

== Education ==
* [[Government Engineering College, Hassan]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]
* [[Malnad College of Engineering]]
* [[St. Joseph's College, Hassan]]
* [[Rajeev Institute of Technology]]

==People from the Hassan district==
* [[H.C_Srikantaiah|H.C Srikantaiah]], Former Minister and Member of Parliament
* [[Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar]], [[Kannada literature]]
* [[Javagal Srinath]], cricketer
* [[H. D. Deve Gowda]], 11th [[Prime Minister of India]]
* [[S.L. Bhyrappa]], writer
* [[Dheerendra Gopal]], film actor
* [[Doddanna]], film actor
* [[David Johnson (cricketer, born 1971)|David Johnson]], Ranji player
* [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]], film actor
* [[G.R. Gopinath]], founder of [[Air Deccan]]
* [[H. D. Revanna]], politician
* [[H.D. Kumaraswamy]], Former Chief Minister, Karnataka
* [[Narayana Gowda]], Karnataka Rakshana Vedike state president
* [[Chandan Shetty]], Kannada rapper
* [[Veera Ballala II]], [[Hoysala]] king
* [[Veera Ballala III]], [[Hoysala]] king
* [[Vishnuvardhana]], [[Hoysala]] king
* [[Yash (actor)|Yash]], film actor
* [[Prashanth Neel]], film director
* [[Milana Nagaraj]], film actress
* [[Vasishta N. Simha]], film actor
* [[Prathap Simha]], politician

==See also==
* [[Haanagal]]
* [[Manjarabad Fort]], a star fort from 1792
* [[Shravanabelagola]]
* [[Sakleshpur]]
* [[Mangalore]]
* [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]
* [[Halebidu]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==References==
* Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001). ''A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present'', Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore (reprinted 2002), {{oclc|7796041}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hassan district}}
* [https://hassan.nic.in/ Official website]
* {{Cite web|title=Activities of Hassan District NRDMS Centre|year=2012|url=http://kscst.iisc.ernet.in/nrdms_files/dnrdms_files/Hassan/Hassan_NRDMS_13_05_2011.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616050147/http://kscst.iisc.ernet.in/nrdms_files/dnrdms_files/Hassan/Hassan_NRDMS_13_05_2011.pdf|archive-date=16 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}

{{Clear}}

{{Karnataka topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan District}}
[[Category:Hassan district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Karnataka]]

Hassan district - Revision history

>Arvi arvind2014 at 16:45, 4 July 2021