RonAgnew292842 at 21:50, 11 July 2025

2025-07-11T21:50:23Z

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{{Short description|Overview of cardiovascular diseases in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}

'''Heart disease in India''' refers to the spectrum of [[cardiovascular disease]]s affecting the population of [[India]]. It has emerged as a leading cause of [[morbidity]] and [[mortality rate|mortality]] in the country, accounting for a significant and growing public health burden.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Prabhakaran |first1=Dorairaj |last2=Jeemon |first2=Panniyammakal |last3=Sharma |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Roth |first4=Gregory A. |last5=Johnson |first5=Catherine |last6=Harikrishnan |first6=Sivadasanpillai |last7=Gupta |first7=Rajeev |last8=Pandian |first8=Jeyaraj D. |last9=Naik |first9=Nitish |last10=Roy |first10=Ambuj |last11=Dhaliwal |first11=R. S. |last12=Xavier |first12=Denis |last13=Kumar |first13=Raman K. |last14=Tandon |first14=Nikhil |last15=Mathur |first15=Prashant |date=2018-12-01 |title=The changing patterns of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016 |journal=The Lancet Global Health |language=English |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=e1339–e1351 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30407-8 |issn=2214-109X |pmc=6227386 |pmid=30219317}}</ref> Cardiovascular diseases have surpassed [[Infectious disease|infectious diseases]] as the primary cause of death in India, reflecting a major [[epidemiological transition]] over the past few decades.<ref name="WHO_NCD_India_2022">{{cite web |year=2022 |title=Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2022 - India |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/ncds/un-task-force/india-ncd-country-profile-2022.pdf?sfvrsn=9308f6d9_5 |accessdate=27 October 2023 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref>

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in India has increased substantially. Studies indicate that cardiovascular diseases affect Indians at a younger age compared to populations in high-income countries, often occurring 5-10 years earlier and frequently striking during an individual's most productive years.<ref name="Prabhakaran2016Circulation">{{cite journal |last1=Prabhakaran |first1=D |last2=Jeemon |first2=P |last3=Roy |first3=A |date=19 April 2016 |title=Cardiovascular Diseases in India: Current Epidemiology and Future Directions |journal=Circulation |volume=133 |issue=16 |pages=1605–1620 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008729 |pmid=27142605}}</ref> The burden of these diseases is no longer confined to [[Urban area|urban areas]] or affluent sections of society; there is a growing incidence in [[Rural area|rural areas]] and among lower socioeconomic groups, although regional variations exist across different states.<ref name="GBD2016Lancet">{{cite journal |date=December 2018 |title=The changing patterns of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016 |journal=The Lancet Global Health |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=e1339–e1351 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30407-8 |pmc=6202626 |pmid=30219323 |last1=Prabhakaran |first1=Dorairaj |last2=Jeemon |first2=Panniyammakal |last3=Sharma |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Roth |first4=Gregory A. |last5=Johnson |first5=Catherine |last6=Harikrishnan |first6=Sivadasanpillai |last7=Gupta |first7=Rajeev |last8=Pandian |first8=Jeyaraj D. |last9=Naik |first9=Nitish |last10=Roy |first10=Ambuj |last11=Dhaliwal |first11=R. S. |last12=Xavier |first12=Denis |last13=Kumar |first13=Raman K. |last14=Tandon |first14=Nikhil |last15=Mathur |first15=Prashant |last16=Shukla |first16=D. K. |last17=Mehrotra |first17=Ravi |last18=Venugopal |first18=K. |last19=Kumar |first19=G Anil |last20=Varghese |first20=Chris M. |last21=Furtado |first21=Melissa |last22=Muraleedharan |first22=Pallavi |last23=Abdulkader |first23=Rizwan S. |last24=Alam |first24=Tahiya |last25=Anjana |first25=Ranjit M. |last26=Arora |first26=Monika |last27=Bhansali |first27=Anil |last28=Bhardwaj |first28=Deeksha |last29=Bhatia |first29=Eesh |last30=Chakma |first30=Joy K. |display-authors=1 }}</ref>

Several [[Risk factor|risk factors]] contribute to the high burden of heart disease in India. These include traditional factors such as [[Hypertension in India|hypertension]], [[Diabetes in India|diabetes mellitus]] (which has a high prevalence in India), [[dyslipidemia]] (abnormal cholesterol levels), [[tobacco]] use (both smoking and [[smokeless tobacco]]), unhealthy [[Diet (nutrition)|diets]] characterized by high intake of salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats, low levels of [[physical activity]], and rising rates of [[obesity]].<ref name="ICMR_CVD_TaskForce_2020">{{cite web |year=2020 |title=Report of the ICMR Task Force: Current Status of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention and Control in India |url=https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/guidelines/ICMR_Task_Force_Report_on_CVD_Preve_Contr_2020.pdf |accessdate=27 October 2023 |publisher=Indian Council of Medical Research }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Noncommunicable diseases India 2018 country profile |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/noncommunicable-diseases-ind-country-profile-2018 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, factors such as [[air pollution]] (both ambient and household), [[psychological stress]], and a potential [[genetic predisposition]] among South Asians are increasingly recognized as significant contributors.<ref name="Prabhakaran2016Circulation" />

== Pop Culture ==
''The Brown Heart'', a documentary, streaming on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] is based on prevalence of heart disease among south Asians.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Author |first=The |date=2025-04-09 |title=The Brown Heart Tells The Story Of The South Asian Heart Health Crisis |url=https://indiawest.com/the-brown-heart-tells-the-story-of-the-south-asian-heart-health-crisis/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=IndiaWest Journal News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease]]
* [[Global Burden of Disease Study]]
* [[Healthcare in India]]
* [[Risk factors for cardiovascular disease]]
* [[Indian Heart Association]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Heart diseases]]
[[Category:Health in India]]

Heart disease in India - Revision history

RonAgnew292842 at 21:50, 11 July 2025