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{{Short description|Austrian mountaineer and author (1912–2006)}}{{redirect|Harrer|the surname|Harrer (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Heinrich Harrer
| image = Harrer Frankfurt 1997.jpg
| caption = Harrer in 1997
| birth_name = Heinrich Josef Harrer
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|07|06|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hüttenberg, Austria|Hüttenberg]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|01|07|1912|07|06|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Friesach]], Austria
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| nationality = 
| citizenship =
| other_names =
| known_for = ''[[Seven Years in Tibet]]'' (1952)<br />''[[The White Spider]]'' (1959)
| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Graz]]
| employer =
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Mountaineer]]|[[Sportsperson|Sportsman]]|[[Geographer]]|Author}}
| years_active =
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Charlotte Wegener|1938|1943|reason=divorce}}
* {{marriage|Margarethe Truxa|1953|1958|reason=divorce}}
* {{marriage|Katharina Haarhaus|1962}}
}}
| children =
| parents =
| relations = [[Alfred Wegener]] (father-in-law)
| signature =
| website = [http://www.harrerportfolio.com www.harrerportfolio.com]
}}
'''Heinrich Harrer''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈhaʁɐ|lang}}; 6 July 1912 – 7 January 2006) was an Austrian [[mountaineer]], explorer, writer, [[Sportsperson|sportsman]], [[geographer]], and an [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] sergeant. He was a member of the four-man climbing team that made the first ascent of the North Face of the [[Eiger]], the "last problem" of the [[Alps]], in July 1938. Harrer and the team flew the Nazi flag atop the mountain.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Chalupa |first=Cynthia |title=Race for the Magic Mountain: Mountaineering and the National Socialist Agenda in Europe |journal=The International Journal of Sport and Society |date=2010 |volume=1 |issue=3 |page=222 |doi=10.18848/2152-7857/CGP/v01i03/54037 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307766233 }}</ref> Harrer had joined the Nazi Party shortly after the [[Anschluss|annexation of Austria]] in March 1938, and was personally received by Hitler after the climb.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yanshi |first=Ren |title=Nazi Authors Seven Years in Tibet |url=http://il.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgxw/200804/t20080414_1872462.htm |website=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the State of Israel |access-date=17 June 2024 }}</ref> A year later in 1939, he and the climbing team went on an expedition to the Indian Himalayas, where they were arrested by [[British Raj|British colonial authorities]] due to the outbreak of [[World War II]]. He eventually escaped to Tibet, staying there until 1951. He is the author of two autobiographical books, ''[[Seven Years in Tibet]]'' (1952) and ''[[The White Spider]]'' (1959).<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Douglas |title=Heinrich Harrer, 93, Explorer of Tibet, Dies |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/10/obituaries/10harrer.html |access-date=15 January 2012 |date=10 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206010412/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/10/obituaries/10harrer.html |archive-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life==
Heinrich Harrer was born 6 July 1912 in [[Hüttenberg, Austria]], in the district of [[Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)|Sankt Veit an der Glan]] in the state of [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]]. His father, Josef Harrer, was a postal worker. From 1933 to 1938, Harrer studied [[geography]] and sports at the [[Karl-Franzens University]] in [[Graz]]. Harrer became a member of the traditional student corporation ATV Graz.

In 1935, Harrer was designated to participate in the [[Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics|Alpine skiing competition]] at the [[1936 Winter Olympics]] in [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]. The [[Austria at the 1936 Winter Olympics|Austria]]n Alpine skiing team, however, boycotted the event due to a conflict regarding the skiing instructors' status as professionals. As a result, Harrer did not participate.

In 1937, Harrer won the downhill event at the World Student Championships at [[Zell am See]].<ref name="telegraphobituary">{{cite news |title=Heinrich Harrer Obituary |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1507308/Heinrich-Harrer.html |access-date=14 January 2012 |date=9 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709214206/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1507308/Heinrich-Harrer.html |archive-date=9 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Eiger North Face==
Mountain climbing was Harrer's true passion. Knowing an extraordinary feat of climbing could win him a place on a Himalayan expedition, Harrer and a friend, [[Fritz Kasparek]], resolved to be the first to climb the North Face of the [[Eiger]] (3,967 m, 13,025 ft) in Switzerland. The near vertical wall, with its ice-field known as The White Spider, had claimed several lives; and the Bernese authorities even banned climbing it. Following his final university exams in July 1938, Harrer and Kasparek traveled to [[Kleine Scheidegg]] at the foot of the Eiger and set out on their climb. Halfway up the mountain, Harrer and Kasparek encountered another team making the attempt, [[Ludwig Vörg]] and [[Anderl Heckmair]] from Germany. The four decided to make the rest of the climb as a single team, with the experienced Heckmair leading.<ref name="telegraphobituary"/>

[[File:North face.jpg|thumb|Eiger North Face, Bernese Alps, Switzerland|262x262px]]
Throughout the climb, the four men were constantly threatened by snow avalanches and rock falls. They were caught in an avalanche as they climbed the White Spider on the upper face, but all possessed sufficient strength to resist being swept off the face. The members successfully reached the summit at four o'clock in the afternoon 24 July 1938.<ref name="engel">Engel, Claire Eliane. ''A History of Mountaineering in the Alps''. London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd, 1950.</ref> This first ascent of the Eiger North Face was described by [[Italians|Italian]] climber [[Reinhold Messner]] as "a glorious moment in the history of mountaineering and a great sensation, since several climbers had previously perished on the Face",<ref>Messner, Reinhold. ''The Big Walls: From the North Face of the Eiger to the South Face of Dhaulagirl''. Crowood, 2001, p. 105. {{ISBN|1-86126-467-4}}</ref> made headlines around the world,<ref name="climbers">{{cite news |last=Streit |first=Clarence K. |title=Climbers Conquer Dread Eiger Peak |work=The New York Times |date=26 July 1938 |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0B15F73B5C1B7A93C4AB178CD85F4C8385F9&scp=1&sq=eiger%201938&st=cse |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605090717/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0B15F73B5C1B7A93C4AB178CD85F4C8385F9&scp=1&sq=eiger%201938&st=cse |archive-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> and is recounted in Harrer's book ''[[The White Spider]]'', published in 1959.

==Nazi involvement==
In 1996, [[ORF (broadcaster)|ORF]] editor and filmmaker [[Gerald Lehner (journalist)|Gerald Lehner]] found in American archives the membership card of Harrer, who joined the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA) in October 1933. After the ''[[Anschluss]]'' of March 1938, as [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] annexed [[Federal State of Austria|Austria]], he joined the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS) on 1 April. He held the rank of ''[[Oberscharführer]]'' (Sergeant), and on 1 May he became a member of the [[Nazi Party]], which was required upon enlistment. After their ascent of the Eiger North Face, the four climbers were received by and photographed with [[Adolf Hitler]]. Harrer later said he wore his SS uniform only once, on the day of his marriage to Charlotte Wegener, daughter of the eminent explorer and scholar [[Alfred Wegener]].<ref name="nytimes"/> After returning to Europe in 1952, Harrer was cleared of any pre-war crimes and this was later supported by [[Simon Wiesenthal]].<ref name="telegraphobituary"/> In his memoir, ''Beyond Seven Years in Tibet'', Harrer called his involvement with the Nazi Party a mistake made in his youth, when he had not yet learned to think for himself.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUSFAAAACAAJ | title=Beyond Seven Years in Tibet | isbn=9781921196003 | last1=Harrer | first1=Heinrich | year=2007 | publisher=Labyrinth }}</ref>

==Internment in India==
In 1939, Harrer joined a four-man expedition, led by [[Peter Aufschnaiter]], to the Diamir Face of the [[Nanga Parbat#Early attempts|Nanga Parbat]] with the aim of finding an easier route to the peak. Having concluded that the face was viable, the four mountaineers were in [[Karachi]], [[British Raj|India]] at the end of August, waiting for a freighter to take them home. The ship being long overdue, Harrer, Ludwig, and Hans Lobenhoffer tried to reach [[Pahlavi Iran|Persia (Iran)]], but several hundred kilometres north-west of Karachi they were arrested by [[British Raj|British colonial authorities]] as enemy aliens and escorted back to Karachi, where Aufschnaiter had stayed. Two days later, war was declared, and on 3 September 1939 all were put behind barbed wire to be transferred to a detention camp at [[Ahmednagar]] near [[Bombay]]. They considered escaping to [[Portuguese India|Portuguese Goa]], but when further transferred to [[Dehradun]] to be detained there for years with 1,000 other [[enemy aliens]], they found Tibet more promising, the final goal being the Japanese front in [[Burma]] or [[China]].

Aufschnaiter and Harrer escaped and were re-captured a number of times before finally succeeding. On 29 April 1944, Harrer and six others, including [[Rolf Magener]] and Heins von Have (disguised as British officers), Aufschnaiter, the Salzburger Bruno Treipel (aka Treipl) and the Berliners Hans Kopp and Sattler (disguised as native Indian workers), walked out of the camp. Magener and von Have took the train to Calcutta and from there found their way to the [[Japanese occupation of Burma|Japanese army in Burma]].<ref name="rolf">{{cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |title=Rolf Magener, German Escapee, Dies at 89 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/03/world/rolf-magener-german-escapee-dies-at-89.html?scp=1&sq=magener&st=cse |access-date=15 January 2012 |date=3 July 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061039/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/03/world/rolf-magener-german-escapee-dies-at-89.html?scp=1&sq=magener&st=cse |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{cite news |title=Rolf Magener |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1366795/Rolf-Magener.html |access-date=15 January 2012 |date=18 May 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605062349/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1366795/Rolf-Magener.html |archive-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The others headed for the closest border via [[Landour]]. After Sattler gave up on 10 May, the remaining four entered Tibet on 17 May 1944, crossing the Tsang Chok-la Pass (5,896 m, 19,350 ft) and thereafter split into two groups: Harrer and Kopp, Aufschnaiter and Treipel. On 17 June, Treipel, exhausted, bought himself a horse and rode back to the lowlands. Several months later, when the remaining three were still without visas for Tibet, Kopp also gave up and left for Nepal (where he was handed over to British colonial authorities within a few days).<ref name="telegraph"/>

==Seven years in Tibet==
[[File:Potala palace22.jpg|thumb|262x262px|The [[Pargo Kaling]] chorten (front) were demolished during the [[Cultural Revolution]] and reconstructed by Lhasa authorities in 1995.<ref>[[Clare Harris (anthropologist)|Clare Harris]], ''The Museum of the Roof of the World: Art, Politics, and the Representation of Tibet'', University of Chicago Press, 2012, 314 p., p. 199: "The Lhasa authorities have made some attempt to reinstate it [the view] by rebuilding the three stupas of the Pargo Kaling (Western Gate) that was destroyed in the 1960s."</ref>]]
[[Peter Aufschnaiter|Aufschnaiter]] and Harrer, helped by the former's knowledge of the [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan language]], proceeded to Tibet's capital city, [[Lhasa]], which they reached on 15 January 1946 (eight months after [[German Instrument of Surrender|Nazi Germany's surrender]]), having crossed [[Western Tibet]], the South-West with [[Gyirong County]], and the Northern [[Changthang]].

In 1948, Harrer became a salaried official of the Tibetan government, translating foreign news and acting as the Court photographer. Harrer first met the [[14th Dalai Lama]] when he was summoned to the [[Potala Palace]] and asked to make a film about ice skating, which Harrer had introduced to Tibet.<ref name="telegraph"/> Harrer built a cinema for him, with a projector run off a Jeep engine. Harrer soon became the Dalai Lama's tutor in English, geography, and some science, and Harrer was astonished at how fast his pupil absorbed the Western world's knowledge.<ref name="telegraph"/> They shared the same birthday and a strong friendship developed between the two that would last the rest of Harrer's life.<ref name="tibet">{{cite web |title=His Holiness the Dalai Lama said Heinrich Harrer Will Always be Remembered by the Tibetan People |work=[[Central Tibetan Administration]] |url=http://tibet.net/2006/01/10/his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-said-heinrich-harrer-will-always-be-remembered-by-the-tibetan-people/ |access-date=15 January 2012 |date=10 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730221533/http://tibet.net/2006/01/10/his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-said-heinrich-harrer-will-always-be-remembered-by-the-tibetan-people/ |archive-date=30 July 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1952, Harrer returned to Austria where he documented his experiences in the books ''[[Seven Years in Tibet]]'' (1952) and ''Lost Lhasa'' (1953). ''Seven Years in Tibet'' was translated into 53 languages, and was a bestseller in the United States in 1954, selling three million copies.<ref name= "nytimes"/> The book was the basis of two films of the same title, [[Seven Years in Tibet (1956 film)|the first]] in 1956 and [[Seven Years in Tibet (1997 film)|the second]] in 1997,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Hohlt |first=Jared |date=1997-10-10 |title=Seven Years in Tibet |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/1997/10/seven-years-in-tibet.html |access-date=2025-07-07 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}</ref> starring [[Brad Pitt]] in the role of Harrer.<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |title=Seven Years in Tibet |publisher=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120102/ |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111094441/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120102/ |archive-date=11 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In ''Seven Years in Tibet'', Harrer wrote:
{{quote|Wherever I live, I shall feel homesick for Tibet. I often think I can still hear the cries of wild geese and cranes and the beating of their wings as they fly over Lhasa in the clear, cold moonlight. My heartfelt wish is that my story may create some understanding for a people whose will to live in peace and freedom has won so little sympathy from an indifferent world.<ref name="harrer">{{cite web |title=Heinrich Harrer Biography |work=Harrer Portfolio |url=http://www.harrerportfolio.com/HarrerBio.html |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123053359/http://www.harrerportfolio.com/HarrerBio.html |archive-date=23 January 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

==Later adventures==
Following his return from Tibet, Harrer settled down in [[Kitzbühel]], Austria, and later in [[Liechtenstein]]. He took part in a number of ethnographic as well as mountaineering expeditions to [[Alaska]], the [[Andes]], and the [[Mountains of the Moon (Africa)|Mountains of the Moon]] in central Africa. In 1953 he explored the source of the [[Amazon River]] and made a first ascent of [[Ausangate]] (6384 m). In 1954, some with German-American [[Fred Beckey]], Harrer made the first ascents of [[Mount Deborah]] (3,761 m, 12,339 ft), [[Mount Hunter (Alaska)|Mount Hunter]] (4,442 m, 14,573 ft), and [[Mount Drum]] (3661 m), all in [[Alaska]]. In 1957, he explored the [[Congo River]] with the former king [[Leopold III of Belgium]].

In February 1962, he was the leader of the team of four climbers who made the first ascent of the [[Carstensz Pyramid]] (4,884 m, 16,024 ft; later named [[Puncak Jaya]]) on Papua, Indonesia (then [[Dutch New Guinea]]), the highest peak in Oceania and one of the [[Seven Summits]]. This and his pioneering expedition to reach the [[Neolithic]] stone axe quarries at Ya-Li-Me are recorded in his memoir ''I Come from the Stone Age''.

In 1966, he met the [[Xingu peoples|Xingu Indians]] of Brazil's [[Mato Grosso]]. In 1972, Harrer crossed the island of [[Borneo]]. He also made expeditions to [[Nepal]], [[French Guiana]], [[Greenland]], [[Sudan]], [[India]], [[Ladakh]], [[Andaman Islands]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] and [[Bhutan]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Croston |first1=Roger |title=Heinrich Harrer: An Obituary: 6th July 1912 - 7th January 2006 |journal=The Tibet Journal |volume=30/31 |issue=4/1 |pages=189–192 |jstor=43301153 |year=2005 }}</ref>

Harrer wrote more than 20 books about his adventures, some including photographs considered to be among the best records of traditional Tibetan culture. Harrer was also an excellent golfer, winning Austrian national championships in 1958 and 1970.<ref name="telegraphobituary"/>

==Private life==

In December 1938, Harrer married Lotte Wegener (1920–1989), the daughter of [[Alfred Wegener]], German polar researcher and originator of the theory of [[continental drift]]. Her father had died on a Greenland expedition when she was 10. Their son Peter Harrer<ref name=":0" /> was born in December 1939, three months after Harrer was arrested by the British. Their marriage was dissolved in 1943 while he was still in India. In 1953, he married Margaretha Truxa (divorce in 1958), and in 1962 he married Katharina (Carina) Haarhaus (1922–2014), who remained his wife until his death.

==Final years==
[[File:Huettenberg Harrer Museum-2.jpg|thumb|The Heinrich Harrer Museum in Hüttenberg, Austria|262x262px]]
In the early 1980s, he visited Tibet again, and wrote a sequel to ''Seven Years in Tibet'', titled ''Return to Tibet: Tibet After the Chinese Occupation''. The Kirkus Review of his sequel said: {{quote|In 1982 he was able to revisit Tibet during the 'Chinese-staged thaw,' and he was by turns heartbroken and inspired by what be observed: Valuable cultural treasures had been destroyed by the invaders, and stories of concentration camps, forced labor, and political murders sent him reeling. Yet the country's religion was still strong, and there continued both armed resistance to the Chinese and an unquashable national will.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/heinrich-harrer-5/return-to-tibet-tibet-after-the-chinese-occupat/|title=RETURN TO TIBET: TIBET AFTER THE CHINESE OCCUPATION|date=1 June 1998|website=Kirkus Reviews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117012316/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/heinrich-harrer-5/return-to-tibet-tibet-after-the-chinese-occupat/|archive-date=17 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>}} He later wrote his autobiography published in English as ''Beyond Seven Years in Tibet'' in 2007.<ref name="tibet"/> He made approximately 40 documentary films and founded the [[:de:Heinrich Harrer Museum|Heinrich Harrer Museum]] in [[Hüttenberg, Austria|Hüttenberg]], Austria dedicated to Tibet. In October 2002, the Dalai Lama presented Harrer with the [[International Campaign for Tibet]]'s [[Light of Truth Award]] for his efforts to bring the situation in Tibet to international attention.<ref name="harrer"/> Harrer died on 7 January 2006 in [[Friesach]], Austria at the age of 93.<ref name="nytimes"/>

==Honours and awards==
* 1978: Honorary Medal in Gold of the city of [[Vienna]]
* 1980: Gold Medal of the city of [[Graz]]
* 1982: [[Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art]], 1st class<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf | title = Reply to a parliamentary question | language = de | page = 648 | access-date = 3 November 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121022192702/http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf | archive-date = 22 October 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref>
* 1982: Grand Merit Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
* 1985: [[Golden Humboldt Medal]] (Germany)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.humboldt-gesellschaft.org/ehrungen.html#Medaille_Gold | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160308191206/http://www.humboldt-gesellschaft.org/ehrungen.html | title = Ehrungen | trans-title = honours | publisher= Humboldt-Gesellschaft | date= 9 March 2016 | language = de | archive-date = 2016-03-08 }}</ref>
* 2002: [[Light of Truth Award]] ([[International Campaign for Tibet]])

==Publications==
*''[[Seven Years in Tibet]]'' (1952)
*''Lost Lhasa'' (1953)
*''[[The White Spider|The White Spider: The Classic Account of the Ascent of the Eiger]]'' (1959)
* {{cite book |title=Tibet is My Country|url=https://archive.org/details/ThubtenJigmeNorbuHarrerHeinrichTibetIsMbOk.xyz}} (1961) – an autobiography of the Dalai Lama's older brother, [[Thubten Jigme Norbu]], as told to Harrer
*''I Come from the Stone Age'' (1965)
* {{cite book |title=Ladakh: Gods and Mortals Behind the Himalayas|year=1980 |url=https://archive.org/details/HeinrichHarrerLadakh.GtterUndMenschenHinterDemHimalaya}} (1980)
*''Return to Tibet'' (1985)
*''Return to Tibet: Tibet After the Chinese Occupation'' (1998)
*''Denk ich an Bhutan'' (2005)
*''Beyond Seven Years in Tibet: My Life Before, During, and After'' (2007)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Heinrich Harrer}}
* [http://www.harrerportfolio.com/index.html Heinrich Harrer Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205114255/http://www.harrerportfolio.com/index.html |date=5 December 2018 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080925030335/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article786458.ece Obituary] in ''[[The Times]]'', 9 January 2006
* [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/jan/09/guardianobituaries.johngittings Obituary] in ''[[The Guardian]]'', 9 January 2006
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/10/obituaries/10harrer.html?scp=3&sq=eiger%201938&st=cse Obituary] in ''The New York Times'', 10 January 2006
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060113040239/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/01/07/entertainment/main1185582.shtml Obituary] CBS, 7 January 2006
* {{IMDb name|id=0364143|name=Heinrich Harrer}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130117085440/http://theopencritic.com/?p=3 Seven Years in Tibet, Book Review] at The Open Critic (1956)
* [http://www.huettenberg.at/ Harrer Museum Huettenberg]
* {{Find a Grave|12938702}}
* [https://www.mediathek.at/redirect.json?hash=MnISlpUk&no_cache=1&searchQuery=2252&cHash=86332d76155654cc00cf04f96c0da342 Heinrich Harrer] (in German) from the online-archive of the [[Österreichische Mediathek]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harrer, Heinrich}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Sankt Veit an der Glan District]]
[[Category:Antisemitism in Austria]]
[[Category:Austrian explorers]]
[[Category:20th-century Austrian geographers]]
[[Category:Austrian mountain climbers]]
[[Category:Explorers of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Explorers of Tibet]]
[[Category:Austrian travel writers]]
[[Category:Sturmabteilung personnel]]
[[Category:SS non-commissioned officers]]
[[Category:Austrian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Austrian Nazis]]
[[Category:Austrian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Austrian expatriates in Germany]]
[[Category:Austrian expatriates in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Austrian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Austrian expatriates in Nepal]]
[[Category:Austrian escapees]]
[[Category:Escapees from British military detention]]
[[Category:Austrian expatriates in Tibet]]
[[Category:Austrian memoirists]]
[[Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class]]
[[Category:20th-century memoirists]]
[[Category:Explorers of Nepal]]
[[Category:Climbing and mountaineering writers]]
[[Category:Critics of Freemasonry]]
[[Category:Explorers of South Asia]]

Heinrich Harrer - Revision history

ABGRemona5804008 at 03:30, 31 March 2026