>ShortDescBot at 22:37, 21 March 2021

2021-03-21T22:37:10Z

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Indian sarsaparilla
| image = Hemidesmus_scandens.jpg
| genus = Hemidesmus
| species = indicus
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[R.Br.]]
| synonyms = *''Periploca indica''
}}

'''''Hemidesmus indicus''''', '''Indian sarsaparilla''' is a [[species]] of plant that is found in [[South Asia]]. It is a slender, [[laticiferous]], twining, sometimes [[Prostrate shrub|prostrate]] or semi-erect [[shrub]]. Roots are woody and aromatic. The stem is numerous, slender, terete, thickened at the nodes. The leaves are opposite, short-petioled, very variable, elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate. The [[flowers]] are greenish outside, purplish inside, crowded in sub-sessile axillary [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]]. It occurs over the greater part of India, from the upper [[Gangetic plain]] eastwards to [[Assam]] and in some places in central, western and South India.

The root is a substitute for sarsaparilla (the dried root of the tropical species of ''[[Smilax]]'', [[Smilacaceae]]; in [[India]] ''Smilax aspera'' L., and ''Smilax ovalifolia'' Roxb.). It should be distinguished from Mexican Sarsaparilla [[Smilax aristolochiifolia|''Smilax'' ''aristolochiifolia'']] Mill. and Jamaican Sarsaparilla ''[[Smilax ornata]]'' Hook.f..<ref>Puri 2003</ref>{{full citation needed|date=October 2017}}

== Names ==
[[Hindi]]: {{lang|hi-Latn|anantamul}} ({{lang|hi|अनंत मूल}})
or {{lang|hi-Latn|anant bel}} ({{lang|hi|अनंतबेल}}); [[Tamil language|Tamil]]: {{lang|ta-Latn|nannaari}} ({{lang|ta|நன்னாரி}}) or {{lang|ta-Latn|nannetti}} ({{lang|ta|நன்நெட்டி}}); {{lang-te|సుగంధి}}; {{lang-ml|നറുനീണ്ടി}}, [[Kannada]]: {{lang|kn-Latn|haaluballi}} ({{lang|kn|ಹಾಲುಬಳ್ಳಿ}}); [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]: {{lang|si-Latn|iramusu}} ({{lang|si|ඉරමුසු}}); क्षीरिणी Kshirini, कराला Karala, اُشبا Punjabi; Konkani: ''dukshiri''.

In [[Ayurveda]] it goes by the name of ''ananthamoola'' (अनंत मूल), also known locally in Southern India as ''naruneendi'' or ''nannari'',<ref>[http://www.toxicologycentre.com/English/plants/Malayalam/naruneendi.html Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants Naruneendi Nannari]{{dead link|date=January 2021}}</ref> (Sanskrit meaning: ''endless root''). It is also known as ''anant vel'' (अनंतवेल)/''maeen mool'' (माईन मूळ) in Marathi. In southern states of India (particularly Tamil Nadu), sarsaparilla roots are called ''maahali'' or ''mahani kizhangu''. It is also called the false sarsaparilla.

==Traditional uses==
''Hemidesmus indicus'' is used to make beverages like nannari [[sharbat]], and also used in traditional medicine. It is administered in the form of powder, infusion or [[decoction]] as [[syrup]]. It is one of the Rasayana plants of Ayurveda.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kottakkal|first=[edited by] Vaidyaratnam P S Varier's Arya Vaidya Sala|title=Indian medicinal plants : a compendium of 500 species. Vol.3|year=1996|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Madras|isbn=9788125003021|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBB_aRjQIo0C&pg=PA141|edition=1. publ.|accessdate=26 May 2013}}</ref> In southern states of India (particularly Tamil Nadu), the pickled roots are served along with rice dishes. It is sometimes confused with another Ayurvedic herb called white {{lang|sa|sariva}}. The alcoholic extract of Hemidesmus indicusR.Br. possesses a significant antinociceptive activity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Prashant R. |last2=Joharapurkar |first2=Amit A. |last3=Chatpalliwar |first3=Vivekanand A. |last4=Asnani |first4=Alpana J. |title=Antinociceptive activity of alcoholic extract of Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. in mice |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |date=November 2005 |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=298–301 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.039|pmid=16081231 }}</ref> The extracts from the root are used in syrup with sugar and a dash of lemon ([[Sharbat]]) and served at most small refreshment shops in [[South India]].

==Chemical constituents==
The roots of ''H. indicus'' contain [[hexatriacontane]], [[lupeol]], its [[octacosanoate]], [[α-amyrin]], [[β-amyrin]], its [[acetate]] and [[sitosterol]]. It also contains new coumarino-lignoid-hemidesminine, hemidesmin I and hemidesmin II50, six pentacyclic [[triterpene]]s including two [[oleanene]]s, and three ursenes. The stem contains calogenin acetylcalogenin-3-0-β-D-digitoxopyrannosyl-0-β-D-digitoxopyronsyl-0-β-D-digitoxopyranoside. It also afforded 3-keto-lup-12-en-21 28-olide along with lupanone, lupeol-3-β-acetate, hexadecanoic acid, 4-methoxy-3-methoxybenzalaldehyde and 3-methoxy-4-5methoxybenzalaldehydglycosides-indicine and hemidine. The leaves contain [[tannin]]s, [[flavonoid]]s, [[hyperoside]], [[rutin]] and [[coumarino]]. [[Leucoderma]] [[lignoid]]s such as [[hemidesminine]], [[hemidesmin I]] and [[hemidesmin II]] are rare group of naturally occurring compounds present in leaves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.frlht.org/rasayana/node/79|title=Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus)|last=|first=|date=|website=National R&D Facility for Rasayana|publisher=Government of India|access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.konarkindex.com/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=viewlink&link_id=22&Itemid=143|title=Anantmool|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Konark Herbal and Healthcare|access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/sarind18.html Botanical : A Modern Herbal - Indian Sarsaparilla]
*[http://www.disabled-world.com/artman/publish/hemidesmus-indicus.shtml Disabled World - Indian Sarsaparilla]
*[http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/kings/hemidesmus.html Henriette's Herbal Homepage - Indian Sarsaparilla]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15356241}}

[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Periplocoideae]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Hemidesmus indicus - Revision history

>ShortDescBot at 22:37, 21 March 2021