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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Henry John Carter
| image = Henry John Carter.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1813|8|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Budleigh Salterton]], Devon, United Kingdom
| death_date = {{death date and age|1895|5|4|1813|8|18|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Budleigh Salterton]], Devon, United Kingdom
| residence = United Kingdom
| nationality = British
| field = [[Geology]]
| work_institution = [[British Indian Army|Her Majesty's Indian Service]], [[Honourable East India Company|Bombay Establishment]]
| alma_mater = University College
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Geology of the [[Western India]]
| prizes = 1872 [[Royal Medal]] of the [[Royal Society]]
}}

'''Henry John Carter''', [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (18 August 1813 – 4 May 1895) was a surgeon working in [[Bombay]], India, who carried out work in [[geology]], paleontology, and [[zoology]]. He worked as an army surgeon in Bombay from 1859 on [[British Indian Army|Her Majesty's Indian Service]], [[Honourable East India Company|Bombay Establishment]]. He edited a collection of geological papers on [[Western India]], including a summary of the [[geology of India]], which was published in 1857. Many items of his published work appeared in the journal of the Bombay Branch of the [[Royal Asiatic Society]], and in the [[Annals of Natural History]]. He was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] in 1859.

==Life and work ==
[[File:Henry_John_Carter_FRS.jpg|thumb|left|Carte-de-visite, c. 1870]]
Carter joined the Devon and Exeter Hospital at the age of sixteen, and graduated from [[University College London|University College]] in 1837 and obtained admission to the College of Surgeons in 1838. He was house surgeon for a year and then conservator of the museum. He visited Ecole de Medecine in Paris in 1840 and joined the East India Company in 1841. He served in Calcutta, Madras and Mauritius. He saw action at the battle of Hyderabad in Sindh on March 24, 1843 under [[Charles James Napier|Sir Charles Napier]]. He served with the 21st regiment of foot in the desert where he suffered ill health. He served on the survey ship ''Palinurus'' from 1844 to 1846 when he became an assistant civil surgeon at Bombay. He served as an honorary secretary at the Medical and Physical Society and at the Royal Asiatic Society. He worked on the geology and paleontology of western India, founding a natural history society in 1856 that did not live very long.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Garrison|first=Fielding H.|date=1914|title=The Anglo-Indian Surgeons|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5271284/|journal=Edinburgh Medical Journal|volume=12|issue=5|pages=425–432|issn=0367-1038|pmc=5271284}}</ref> Carter retired to England in 1862 with the rank of Surgeon-Major and settled in his native place, Budleigh Salterton where he then married Anne Doyle from Sligo, Ireland in 1864 and they had a daughter Annie in 1866. On 4 October 1888 he suffered from a paralytic attack which impaired his speech and eyesight. In the spring of 1895 his health declined seriously, and he died on the evening of 4 May. He is buried at East Budleigh.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1895-06-22|title=Surgeon-Major Henry John Carter, F.R.S|url=https://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj.1.1799.1395-a|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=1|issue=1799|pages=1395–1395|doi=10.1136/bmj.1.1799.1395-a|issn=0959-8138}}</ref>

==Awards==
Carter took a special interest in sponges under J.E. Gray at the Natural History Museum. He was awarded the Royal Society's [[Royal Medal]] in 1872 for ''"...his long continued and valuable researches in zoology, and more especially for his inquiries into the natural history of the [[Sea sponge|Spongiadae]]."''<ref>[[Royal Society]]. [http://royalsociety.org/Content.aspx?id=3311 Royal archive winners prior to 1900] Verified 2011-01-21.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Blanford, William Thomas|year=1895|title=Henry John Carter [obituary notice]|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18430217|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=58|pages=liv-lvii}}</ref>

A number of taxa are named after him including:

* ''Acanthella carteri'' Dendy, 1889
* ''Carterella'' Potts, 1881
* ''Carteria'' Gray, 1872 - also ''Carteria'' Diesing, 1866 [Alga]
* ''Carterias'' Schwartschevski, 1905
* ''Carteriospongia'' Hyatt, 1877
* ''Chondropsis carteri'' Dendy, 1895
* ''Clathria carteri'' Topsent, 1889
* ''Coelocarteria'' Burton, 1934
* ''Echinoclathria carteri'' Rildey & Dendy, 1886
* ''Ecionemia carteri'' Dendy, 1905
* ''Erylus carteri'' Sollas, 1888
* ''Forcepia carteri'' Dendy, 1896
* ''Geodia carteri'' Sollas, 1888
* ''Haliclona carteri'' Burton, 1959
* ''Hamacantha carteri'' Topsent, 1904
* ''Leucandra carteri'' Dendy, 1892
* ''Pericharax carteri'' Polejaeff, 1883
* ''Pronax carteri'' Dendy, 1897
* ''Pseudoesperia carteri'' Deny & Frederick, 1924
* ''Spongia carteri'' Burton, 1930
* ''Spongilla carteri'' Bowerbank, 1858
* ''Stellettinopsis carteri'' Ridley, 1884
* ''Sycon carteri'' Dendy, 1892
* ''Thorecta carteri'' Lendenfeld, 1889
* ''Vioa carteri'' Ridley, 1881
* ''Axinella carteri'' (Dendy)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*[https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=NA3686&pos=1 Entry for Henry John Carter] in the Royal Society's Library and Archive catalogue's details of Fellows (accessed 24 April 2008)
*Downes, Michael (2013) The Scientist in the Cottage : Henry John Carter FRS (1813-1895). Primrose Publications. 40pp.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carter, Henry John}}
[[Category:1813 births]]
[[Category:1895 deaths]]
[[Category:British surgeons]]
[[Category:British geologists]]
[[Category:British zoologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Royal Medal winners]]
[[Category:Spongiologists]]

Henry John Carter - Revision history

imported>Narky Blert at 13:30, 16 August 2021