Bot at 19:14, 20 October 2022

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Field Marshal]] [[The Honourable]]
| name = Sir Henry Norman
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=UK|size=100|sep=,|GCMG|KCB|CIE}}
| image = Governor Henry Norman, 1894.png
| image_size =
| caption =

| office = 7th [[Governor of Queensland]]
| term_start = 1 May 1889
| term_end = 31 December 1895
| monarch = [[Queen Victoria]]
| premier = [[Boyd Dunlop Morehead]] [[Samuel Griffith]] [[Thomas McIlwraith]] [[Hugh Nelson (Australian politician)|Hugh Nelson]]
| predecessor = [[Anthony Musgrave]]
| successor = [[Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington|Lord Lamington]]

| office1 = [[List of governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]]
| term_start1 = 27 October 1883
| term_end1 = April–May 1889
| monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria]]
| predecessor1 = [[Anthony Musgrave]] [[Somerset M. Wiseman Clarke|Somerset Wiseman-Clarke]] (acting) [[Dominic Jacotin Gamble]] (acting)
| successor1 = William Clive Justice (acting) [[Henry Arthur Blake]]

| birth_date = {{birth date|1826|12|2|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1904|10|26|1826|12|2|df=y}}
| restingplace = [[Brompton Cemetery]], [[London]]
| birth_place = [[London]], [[Middlesex]], England
| death_place = London, Middlesex, England
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
| branch = {{army|British India}}
| serviceyears = 1844–1904
| rank = [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]]
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = {{unbulleted list| [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] | [[Santhal rebellion]] | [[Indian Mutiny of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]}}
| mawards = {{unbulleted list| [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] | [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] | [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]]}}
| relations =
}}
[[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] '''Sir Henry Wylie Norman''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCMG|CIE}} (2 December 1826 – 26 October 1904) was a senior [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] officer and colonial administrator. He served in the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]], the campaign against the [[Kohat Pass]] [[Afridi]]s, the suppression of the [[Santhal rebellion]], and the suppression of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]. He became military member of the Viceroy's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in 1870, in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny. As a result, he became a member of the [[Council of India]]; and in his later years he became [[List of Governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]] and then [[Governor of Queensland]].

==Early life==
[[File:John Lawrence's Executive Council 1864.jpg|left|thumb|Henry Norman, standing second from left, with [[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence]], Viceroy of India and other council members. c. 1864]]
He was the eldest son in the family of four sons and six daughters of the merchant James Norman and his wife Charlotte Wylie; [[Francis Booth Norman]] was the second son.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Bernard |last2=Burke |first2=Ashworth Peter |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Colonial Gentry ... |date=1895 |publisher=Harrison |page=852 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Va8KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA852 |language=en}}</ref> His father conducted most of his business in [[Cuba]], before moving to [[Calcutta]]. Norman joined the family firm in Calcutta in 1842, and then set about persuading his father to let him join the [[Bengal Army]].<ref name=heath230>Heathcote, p.230</ref>

==Military career==
Having obtained a cadetship in the [[Bengal Native Infantry]], Norman was then commissioned as an [[ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the 1st Bengal Native Infantry on 1 March 1844 and then transferred to the [[2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry|31st Bengal Native Infantry]] in March 1845.<ref name=heath230/> He was posted to [[Lahore]] in 1846 and, having been promoted to [[lieutenant]] on 25 December 1847, took part in the [[Battle of Ramnagar]] in November 1848, the [[Battle of Chillianwala]] in January 1849 and the [[Battle of Gujrat]] in February 1849 during the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]].<ref name=heath230/> Having attracted the favourable notice of [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]], Norman was selected by Campbell to accompany an expedition against the [[Kohat Pass]] [[Afridi]]s in 1850 as officiating brigade-major.<ref name=heath230/>
The subaltern of twenty-four was given a substantive appointment in this capacity for a splendid deed of gallantry, which is recorded by [[Charles James Napier|Sir Charles Napier]] in the following terms:

"In the pass of Kohat a sepoy picket, descending a precipitous mountain under fire and the rolling of large stones, had some men killed and wounded. Four of the latter, dreadfully hurt, crept under some rocks for shelter. They were not missed until the picket reached the bottom, but were then discovered by our glasses, high up and helpless. Fortunately the enemy did not see them, and some sepoys volunteered a rescue, headed by Norman of the 31st Native Infantry and Ensign Murray of the 70th Native Infantry. These brave men would that the names of all were known to me for record ascended the rocks in defiance of the enemy, and brought the wounded men down."<ref>Napier, p. 225</ref>

Norman served in numerous frontier expeditions between 1850 and 1854 and in the suppression of the [[Santhal rebellion]] of 1855 to 1856 before becoming assistant adjutant general in India in May 1856.<ref name=heath230/> During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]] he was constantly engaged, being present at the [[Siege of Delhi]] in Summer 1857, the [[Siege of Lucknow]] in November 1857, the [[Second Battle of Cawnpore]] in December 1857 and the [[Capture of Lucknow]] in March 1858.<ref name=heath230/> He was appointed a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]] on 17 August 1859.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22299|page=3143|date=19 August 1859}}</ref>

[[File:Henry Wylie Norman, Vanity Fair, 1903-06-25.jpg|thumbnail|"Chelsea Hospital". Caricature by [[Leslie Ward|Spy]] published in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine 1868-1914)|Vanity Fair]] in 1903.]]
Promoted to [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] on 1 March 1859, Norman became assistant military secretary for Indian affairs at the Horse Guards in October 1860.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22446|page=4179|date=13 November 1860}}</ref> He was further promoted to brevet [[major]] on 3 December 1860<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22480|page=655|date=15 February 1861}}</ref> and to brevet [[lieutenant colonel]] on 4 December 1860.<ref name=heath231>Heathcote, p. 231</ref> He went back to India in 1861 as deputy adjutant general of the Bengal Army and then became military secretary to the government of [[India]] in January 1862.<ref name=heath231/> He was appointed an [[aide-de-camp]] to [[Queen Victoria|the Queen]] in September 1863<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22769|page=4384|date=8 September 1863}}</ref> and, having been promoted to the substantive rank of major on 1 March 1864,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22860|page=2872|date=3 June 1864}}</ref> to brevet [[colonel]] on 8 September 1868 and to brevet [[major-general]] on 23 March 1869,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23489|page=2296|date=16 April 1869}}</ref> he was given the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 1 March 1870.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23636|page=3480|date=22 July 1870}}</ref>

Norman went on to become military member of the Governor-General's Council (in effect Minister for War in India) in May 1870,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23619|page=2743|date=27 May 1870}}</ref> in which role he maintained the policy of ensuring that the Indian Army were less well armed than British troops there to deter another mutiny.<ref name=heath231/> He was advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] on 24 May 1873,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23979|page=2583|date=24 May 1873}}</ref> promoted to [[lieutenant general]] on 1 October 1877<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24508|page=5458|date=2 October 1877}}</ref> and returned to London to become a member of the [[Council of India]] in February 1878.<ref name=heath231/> He was promoted to full [[general]] on 1 April 1882<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25104|page=2078|date=5 May 1882}}</ref> and retired from active military service.<ref name=heath231/>

==Later life==
In October 1883 Norman became [[List of Governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25283|page=5146|date=30 October 1883}}</ref> and implemented the decision of the [[Colonial Office]] to introduce a new constitution intended to limit the ability of the local assembly, which was dominated by white plantation owners, to make all decisions.<ref name=heath232>Heathcote, p. 232</ref> Appointed a [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]] on 24 May 1887<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25703|page=2855|date=24 May 1887}}</ref> and advanced to [[Order of the Bath|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] on 21 June 1887,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25773|page=212|date=5 January 1888}}</ref> he was transferred to the post of [[Governor of Queensland]] in 1889: although his mandate was to cut public expenditure, he managed to get on well with both the local politicians and the local people who were impressed by his administrative skills.<ref name=heath232/> Declining the post of [[Viceroy of India]] in September 1893, Norman left Queensland in November 1895 and returned to London.<ref name=heath232/> He was appointed a Commissioner to enquire into the conditions and prospects of the West India Sugar-growing Colonies in December 1896.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26807|supp=y|page=7669|date=29 December 1896}}</ref>

Norman became governor of the [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]] in April 1901,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27319|page=3697|date=31 May 1901}}</ref> and, having been promoted to [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|field marshal]] on 26 June 1902,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27448|supp=y|page=4190|date=24 June 1902}}</ref> became a Commissioner to inquire into the military preparations for the [[Second Boer War]] in September 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27474|page=5951|date=16 September 1902}}</ref> He died at the Royal Hospital Chelsea on 26 October 1904 and was buried in [[Brompton Cemetery]].<ref name=heath232/>

There is a memorial to him in [[St Paul's Cathedral]].<ref>"Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" [[William Sinclair (Archdeacon of London)|Sinclair, W.]] p. 461: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909</ref>

==Family==
On 14 April 1853, at [[Peshawar]] in India, Norman married Selina Eliza Davidson (d.1862) by whom he had three daughters.<ref name=adb>{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|first=Paul D. |last=Wilson |title=Norman, Sir Henry Wylie (1826–1904)|id2=norman-sir-henry-wylie-7858|accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref> He married a widow, Jemima Anne Temple (née Knowles), in September 1864 but she died the year after.<ref name=adb/> Then on 1 March 1870 he married Alice Claudine Sandys, daughter of Teignmouth Sandys of the Bengal Civil Service. They had two sons and a daughter.<ref name=Mennell>{{cite Australasia|Norman, General Sir Henry Wylie}}</ref>

'''Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Selina Eliza Davidson'''
# Mary Lucy Norman b. 25 Apr 1854<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGS2-2XQ|title=Mary Lucy Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Hellen Campbell Norman b. 27 Jan 1856<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQC-W96|title=Hellen Campbell Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Annie Forde Norman b. 15 Sep 1857<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQC-6QP|title=Annie Forde Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
'''Children of Henry Wylie Norman and Alice Claudine Sandys'''
# Walter Henry Norman b. 14 Jun 1871<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQ5-2LC|title=Walter Henry Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Claude Lumsden Norman b. 19 Feb 1876<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQ6-2L9|title=Claude Lumsden Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>
# Grace Alice Norman b. Grace Alice Norman<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FGQT-GMB|title=Grace Alice Norman|website=[[FamilySearch]] |access-date=18 July 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/defectscivilmili00napi/defectscivilmili00napi_djvu.txt|title=Defects, Civil and military|last=Napier|first=Sir Charles|publisher=Charles Westerton|year=1857|asin=B0008BMON2}}
*{{cite book|last=Heathcote|first=Tony|title=The British Field Marshals 1736 – 1997|publisher= Leo Cooper|year= 1999|isbn= 0-85052-696-5}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Norman, Sir Henry Wylie|volume=19|page=748}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Henry Wylie Norman}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Dominic Jacotin Gamble]], ''acting''
| title=[[List of Governors of Jamaica|Governor of Jamaica]] | years=1883–1889
| after=William Clive Justice, ''acting''
}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Anthony Musgrave|Sir Anthony Musgrave]]
| title=[[Governor of Queensland]] | years=1889–1895
| after=[[Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington|Lord Lamington]]
}}
|-
{{s-hon}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet|Sir Donald Stewart]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Royal Hospital Chelsea#List of Governors|Governor, Royal Hospital Chelsea]]| years=1901–1904}}
{{s-aft|after=[[George White (British Army officer)|Sir George White]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Queensland}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norman, Henry Wylie}}
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:1904 deaths]]
[[Category:British field marshals]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Sikh War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Governors of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Governors of Queensland]]
[[Category:Burials at Brompton Cemetery]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian Staff Corps officers]]
[[Category:British colonial governors and administrators in Oceania]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]

Henry Wylie Norman - Revision history

Bot at 19:14, 20 October 2022