https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=HeraiosHeraios - Revision history2026-07-31T21:41:09ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Heraios&diff=318168&oldid=prevUpdateBot at 11:42, 20 June 20222022-06-20T11:42:24Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Early 1st century CE Kushan ruler}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name =Heraios<br />
| image = Heraios coin.jpg<br />
| caption = Silver tetradrachm of Kushan king '''Heraios'''.<br>'''Obv:''' Bust of Heraios, with Greek royal headband.<br>'''Rev:''' Horse-mounted King, crowned with a wreath by the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] goddess of victory [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]]. Greek legend: ΤΥΡΑΝΝΟΥΟΤΟΣ ΗΛΟΥ - ΣΑΝΑΒ - ΚΟϷϷΑΝΟΥ "The Tyrant Heraios, Sanav (meaning unknown), of the Kushans".<br />
| succession = [[Kushan]] ruler<br />
| reign = [[Wiktionary:circa|c.]] 1 –30 CE{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}<br />
| coronation = 1 BCE <br />
| full name = Heraios Kadphises <br />
| predecessor = [[Sapadbizes]]<br />
| successor = [[Kujula Kadphises]]<br />
| queen =<br />
| spouse =<br />
| issue = [[Kujula Kadphises]] <br />
[[Vima Takto]] <br />
| royal house = <br />
| dynasty = [[Kushan]] <br />
| father =<br />
| mother =<br />
| birth_date = 23 BCE <br />
| birth_place = [[Taskhand]] <br />
| death_date = 30 CE <br />
| death_place = [[Srinagar]] ? <br />
| date of burial =<br />
| place of burial = <br />
|religion = [[Greek]]{{dn|date=June 2022}} <br />
|}}<br />
{{Kushan rulers}}<br />
{{Commons category|Heraios}}<br />
'''Heraios''' (sometimes Heraus, Heraos, Miaos) was apparently a king or clan chief of the [[Kushans]] (reign: [[Wiktionary:circa|c.]] 1 –30 CE{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}), one of the five constituent tribes of the [[Yuezhi]], in [[Bactria]], in the early 1st century CE<!-- Commented out due to lack of obvious relevance: , roughly at the time when the Kushans were starting their invasion of India -->.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YTGRcVLMg6MC&pg=PA92 Ancient Coin Collecting VI: Non-Classical Cultures p.92 Wayne G. Sayles F+W Media, Inc, 1999]</ref><br />
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Several scholars question his existence as a separate historical figure and suggest that "Heraios" may have been another name for his nominal successor [[Kujula Kadphises]].{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017|p=54}} For example, numismatist [[Joe Cribb]] points out the similarity of coins minted by Kujula to those of a [[Greco-Bactrian]] predecessor named [[Hermaeus|Hermaios Soter]] (or Hermaeus Soter). Moreover, some portraits of Kujula resemble Hermaios, suggesting that Kujula may have initially reused the design of coins issued during the reign of Hermaios Soter.<ref name="Cribb1993">{{cite book|last=Cribb |first=Joe |url=https://www.academia.edu/1639716 |format=PDF |title=The Heraus Coins: Their Attribution to the Kushan King Kujula Kadphises, c. AD 30-80 |work=Essays in Honour of Robert Carson and Kenneth Jenkins |location=London |publisher=Spink |date=1993 |pages=116–140 |access-date=2018-03-08 }}</ref><br />
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The coins bearing the name Heraios were silver and made in the [[Hellenistic]] style, using the Greek script. The reverse shows the winged Greek god of victory [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] holding out a wreath, over Heraios mounted on a horse. He wears a tunic and has a large bow on the side. Some portraits show Heraios with a marked [[artificial skull deformation]], a characteristic of several Kushan portraits and sculptures of the 1st century CE. On some of the Heraios coins, his name has sometimes been read as ΗΛΟΥ or ΗΙΛΟΥ, which has been transliterated as "Ilou". However other readings of the same texts include "Maou" and "Miaou".<br />
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<gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4"><br />
File:Kushan Empire. Heraios. Circa CE 1- 30 to 50.jpg|Another coin type of Heraois, Circa 1- 30/50 CE<br />
File:Koshanoy.jpg|The [[ethnonym]] "KO[[Sho (letter)|Ϸ]][[Sho (letter)|Ϸ]]ANO" (''Koshshano'', "Kushans") in [[Greek alphabet]] (with the addition of the letter [[Sho (letter)|Ϸ]], "''Sh''") on a coin of Heraios.<br />
File:Tetradrachm Heraos NMAT H377-1.jpg|Tetradrachm, obverse: diademed Heraos right, 1st half of the 1st century CE. From [[Vakhsh, Tajikistan|Vakhsh]], [[Tajikistan]].<br />
</gallery><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==Sources==<br />
* {{cite book | title = ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity | year = 2017 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | last = Rezakhani | first = Khodadad | chapter = East Iran in Late Antiquity| pages = 1–256 | isbn = 9781474400305 | jstor = 10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8 }} {{registration required}}<br />
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{{s-start}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[Sapadbizes]]<br/>(as ruler in [[Bactria]], [[Yuezhi]])}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kushan|Kushan Ruler]]|years=1 – 30 CE}}<br />
{{s-aft|after=[[Kujula Kadphises]]}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
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[[Category:Kushan Empire]]<br />
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]]</div>UpdateBot