CleanupBot II at 00:19, 14 August 2023

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{{moresources|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Hindola
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = S G1 M1 D1 N1 S
| avarohanam = S N1 D1 M1 G1 S
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Hindōḷaṃ''' is a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāgam (or ''owdava'' rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes). Hindolam is not the same as the Hindustani [[Hindol]]. The equivalent of ''Hindolam'' in [[Hindustani music]] is ''[[Malkauns]]''<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> (or [[Malkaush|Malkosh]]<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>).

It is known to be a rāgam that is generally beautiful and soothing to listen to. Being symmetrical in its ascending and descending scales, it lends itself very well to improvisation and is therefore popular at concerts.

==Structure and Lakshana==
[[File:Hindolam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Hindolam'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

''Hindōḷaṃ'' is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain ''rishabham'' and ''panchamam''. It is a pentatonic scale (''audava-audava'' rāgam<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> in Carnatic music classification—''audava'' means 'of 5'). Since pentatonic scales can be found in other world music such as Chinese music, shades of ''[[Mohanam]]'' and ''Hindōḷaṃ'' can sometimes be traced in Chinese and east Asian music. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|G2|M1|D1|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|M1|G2|S|foot=yes}}

This rāgam uses the ''[[swara]]s'' sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatam and kaisiki nishadam. ''Hindolam'' is not a ''[[melakarta]]'' rāgam, since it does not contain all the seven ''swaras''.

Experts in Carnatic music hold differences of opinion on the ''janaka'' rāgams (rāgams of origin) that should be attributed to ''Hindolam''. It is widely accepted that the 20th melakarta, ''[[Natabhairavi]]'', is the parent rāgam of ''Hindolam'', but some would like to associate it with the 8th melakarta, ''[[Hanumatodi]]''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> It can be derived from both, by dropping the ''rishabham'' and ''panchamam''.

[[File:Hindolam.wav|thumb|Arohanam and avarohanam for Hindolam with tambura]]

==Popular Compositions==
''Sāmajavara gamanā'' by the maestro [[Tyagaraja]] is one of the most popular compositions in ''Hindolam''. ''Mamavatu śri Sarasvati'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]] is another popular composition. Here are some more ''kritis'' composed in Hindolam:
*''Bārayya namma manege & Rama Mantrava Japiso''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8l7tAVr6nE |title=Rama Mantrava}}</ref> by [[Purandaradasa]]
*''Manasulōni Marmamulu'', ''Gōvardhana Giridhāri'' and ''Samajavaragamana'' by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Gōvardhana Girīśam Smarāmi'', ''Neerajakshi Kamakshi'' and ''Saraswati Vidhiyuvathi'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Padmanabha Pāhi'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
*''Maa Ramanan'', ''Sāma Gāna lolalane'' and ''Nambikettavar'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''Sadanandamayi Chinmayi'' by [[Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi|Oothukadu Venkata Kavi]]
*''Mamavatu Sri Saraswati'' by [[Mysore Vasudevacharya]]
*''Chintayami Jagadamba'' by [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]]
*''Dēva Dēvaṃ Bhajē'', ''Konḍalalō Nelakonna'' and ''Garuda Gamana'' by [[Annamacharya]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*''Ramanakku Mannan Mudi'' by [[Arunachala Kavi]]
*''Mal Marugan (varnam)'' by Thanjavur Shankara Iyer
*''Tillana (Dhim na naa tha dhirana) '' by [[Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna|Dr. Balamuralikrishna]]

Numerous ''[[bhajan]]s, [[stotra]]s, [[kriti]]s'' and film music numbers also have been composed in the ''Hindolam'' rāgam.

==Tamil Film Songs==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#CD853F" |Song
!style="background:#CD853F" |Movie
!style="background:#CD853F" |Year
!style="background:#CD853F" |Composer
!style="background:#CD853F" |Singer
|-
|Azhaikathey
|[[Manaalane Mangaiyin Baakkiyam]]
|1957
|rowspan="2"|[[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
|[[P. Suseela]]
|-
|Kangalum Kavi Paadudhe
|[[Adutha Veettu Penn]]
|1960
|[[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], [[Thiruchi Loganathan]]
|-
|Ennai Vittu Odipoga Mudiyumaa
|rowspan="2" |[[Kumudham]]
|rowspan="2" |1961
|rowspan="4"|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|[[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]], [[P. Suseela]]
|-
|Maamaa Maamaa Maamaa
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[ K. Jamuna Rani]]
|-
|Iravukku Aayiram
|[[Kulamagal Radhai]]
|1963
|[[P. Suseela]]
|-
|Pachchai Maa Malaipol Meni
|[[Thirumal Perumai]]
|1968
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Or Aayiram Parvaiyile
|[[Vallavanukku Vallavan]]
|1965
|[[Vedha]](Credits only)
|-
|Nilavukku Enmel Ennadi Kobam
|[[Policekaran Magal]]
|1962
|[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]]
|-
|Malaro Nilavo
|Raga Bandhangal
|
|[[Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
|Ramanukku Mannan Mudi
|Pathu Matha Pantham
|
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|[[P. Bhanumathi]]
|-
|Maname Muruganin
|[[Motor Sundaram Pillai]]
|1966
|rowspan=3|[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
|[[Soolamangalam Jayalakshmi]]
|-
|Iyarkai Ennum
|[[Shanti Nilayam]]
|1969
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen
|[[Avalukendru Oru Manam]]
|1971
|rowspan=2|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Om Namashivaya
|[[Salangai Oli]]
|1983
|rowspan="15"|[[Ilayaraja]]
|-
|Sri Devi En Vazhvil
|[[Ilamai Kolam]]
|1980
|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Darisanam Kidaikatha
|[[Alaigal Oivathillai]]
|1981
|rowspan=3|[[Ilayaraja]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Naan Thedum Sevanthi
|[[Dharma Pathini (1986 film)|Dharma Pathini]]
|1986
|-
|Yentha Jenmam
|Ezhumalayan Magimai
|
|-
|Ragavane Ramana
|[[Ilamai Kaalangal]]
|1983
|[[P Susheela]], [[K.S. Chitra]] (Debut in Tamil)
|-
|Unnal Mudiyum Thambi
|[[Unnal Mudiyum Thambi]]
|1988
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Kanna Unai Thedugiren
|[[Unakkaagave Vaazhgiren]]
|1986
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Thendral Thaan
|[[Keladi Kanmani]]
|1990
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Hey Raja
|[[Jallikattu (1987 film)]]
|1987
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|Ooradungum Saamathile
|Pudhupatti Ponnuthaayi
|
|[[Uma Ramanan]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|En Veettu Jannal
|[[Raman Abdullah]]
|1997
|Arunmozhi, [[Bhavatharini]]
|-
|Oh Janani
|[[Pudhiya Raagam]]
|rowspan=3|1991
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
|Nilave Nee Vara Vendum
|[[Ennarukil Nee Irunthal]]
|[[Illayaraja]]
|-
| Vazhatha Pennin Manam
| [[Thanga Thamaraigal]]
| [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Panja Swarangal
|Puthiya Sangamam
|
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[P Susheela]]
|-
|Marghazhi Poove
|[[May Maadham]]
|1994
|rowspan="5"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|Shobha Shankar
|-
|Yakkai Thiri
|[[Aaytha Ezhuthu]]
|2004
|A.R.Rahman, [[Pop Shalini]], [[Tanvi Shah]], [[Sunitha Sarathy]]
|-
|Irumbile
|[[Enthiran]]
|2010
|[[A. R. Rahman]], Kash n' Krissy
|-
|Magudi Magudi
|[[Kadal (2013 film)|Kadal]]
|2013
|[[Aaryan Dinesh Kanagaratnam|Aryan Dinesh]], [[Chinmayee]], [[Tanvi Shah]]
|-
|Innisai Alapadaiye
|[[Varalaru]]
|2006
|[[Naresh Iyer]], [[Mahathi]]
|-
|Kumudam Pol
|[[Moovendhar]]
|1998
|rowspan=2|[[Sirpy]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
|Katradikkum Neram
|[[Vivasaayi Magan]]
|1997
|rowspan=3|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Thevaram Paadatha
|Partha Parvayil
|
|M. M. A. Iniyavan
|-
|Sirumalli Poove
|[[Jallikattu Kaalai]]
|1994
|rowspan="3"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|Un Marbile Vizhi Moodi
|[[Ninaithen Vandhai]]
|1998
|[[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Paadavandha Poonguyile
|Oyilattam
|
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Va Va Endhan
|[[Cheran Pandiyan]]
|1991
|rowspan=2|[[Soundaryan]]
|-
|Aathi Vadayile
|[[Sindhu Nathi Poo]]
|1994
|[[K. J. Yesudas]],Asha Latha
|-
|Sangeetha Vanil
|[[Chinna Poove Mella Pesu]]
|1987
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Ithazhodu Ithal Serum
|[[Mannukkul Vairam]]
|1986
|rowspan="2"|[[Devendran]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Thendraliley Mithanthu
|Puthiya Thendral
|
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Siragulla Nilave Vaa
|[[Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu]]
|2003
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|-
|Chinna Chinna Megam
|[[Devaraagam]]
|1996
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Santhanam Theychachi
|[[Manikkam]]
|1996
|[[Karthik Raja]]
|[[Bhavatharini]]
|-
|Chandira Mandalathai
|[[Nilaave Vaa]]
|1998
|rowspan=3|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[S. P. Charan]]
|-
|Kavidhai Iravu
|[[Sullan]]
|rowspan=2|2004
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
| Aazhakkadalu
| [[Thendral (film)|Thendral]]
| [[Madhu Balakrishnan]]
|-
|Sollathan Ninaikiren
|[[Priyamaina Neeku|Kadhal Sugamanathu]]
|2001
|Shiva Sankar
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]](sad version), [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Uyirile
|[[Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu (2006 film)|Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu]]
|2006
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Mahalakshmi Iyer]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
|-
|Vatta Vatta
|[[Thennavan]]
|2003
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Unni Menon]], [[Padmalatha]]
|-
|Kalavani
|[[Kodiveeran]]
|2017
|[[N. R. Raghunanthan]]
|V. V. Prasanna,Soundarya
|-
|Othaiyadi Pathayila
|[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]
|2018
|[[Dhibu Ninan Thomas]]
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|-
|Kadai Kannaaley
|[[Bhoomi (2021 film)|Bhoomi]]
|2021
|[[D. Imman]]
|[[Shreya Ghoshal]], Varun Parandhaman
|}

== Non Film Songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Song
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Language
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Album
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Year
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Composer
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Lyricist
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Singer
!style="background:#20B2AA"|Audio Label
|-
|[https://www.hungama.com/song/narudu-gurudani/50242397/ Narudu Gurudan] i
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Namo Venkatesaya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namo Venkatesaya - Single by Mahesh Mahadev, Priyadarshini & S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|url=https://music.apple.com/ca/album/namo-venkatesaya-single/1488611303|access-date=2020-09-05|website=Apple Music}}</ref>
|2019
|Mahesh Mahadev
|[[Kaivara|Kaiwara Sri Yogi Nareyana]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam discography|S. P. Balasubhramanyam]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]],
[[Mahesh Mahadev (Music Director)|Mahesh Mahadev]], Raghuram
|PM Audios
|}

== Kannada Film Songs ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#20B2AA" |Song
! style="background:#20B2AA" |Movie
! style="background:#20B2AA" |Year
! style="background:#20B2AA" |Composer
! style="background:#20B2AA" |Singer
|-
|Gharani Ghara Gharane
|[[Aptharakshaka]]
|2010
|[[Gurukiran|Guru Kiran]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam discography|S. P. Balasubhramanyam]]
|-
|Nagisalu Neenu Naguvenu Naanu
|[[Gaali Maathu]]
|1981
|[[Rajan–Nagendra|Rajan-Nagendra]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|}

== Related rāgams ==
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

''Hindolam's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 4 other major pentatonic rāgams, namely, ''[[Mohanam]]'', ''[[Shuddha Saveri]]'', ''[[Udayaravichandrika]]'' (also known as ''Shuddha Dhanyasi'') and ''[[Madhyamavati]]''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Mohanam|Graha bhedam on Mohanam]]''.

=== Scale similarities ===
*''Saramati'' has an asymmetric scale, with the ascending scale of ''[[Natabhairavi]]'', while the descending scale is same as ''Hindolam''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G2 M1 P D1 N2 S : S N2 D1 M1 G2 S

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==

<references/>

{{Melakarta ragas}}
{{Janya}}

[[Category:Janya Ragas]]

Hindolam - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 00:19, 14 August 2023