https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Hmar_languageHmar language - Revision history2026-07-30T12:43:36ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Hmar_language&diff=332426&oldid=prevUpdateBot at 00:49, 7 April 20222022-04-07T00:49:08Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Tibeto-Burman language spoken in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
| name = Hmar<br />
| nativename = <br />
| pronunciation = {{IPA-bodia|m̥a|}}<br />
| states = India<br />
| region = [[Mizoram]], [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], and [[Meghalaya]]<br />
| ethnicity = [[Hmar people|Hmar]]<br />
| speakers = 98,988<br />
| ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref><br />
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan<br />
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman]]<br />
| fam3 = [[Kuki-Chin|South Central]]<br />
| script = [[Latin script|Latin]]<br />
| nation = India<br />
| minority = Assam, Manipur, Mizoram and Meghalaya<br />
| iso3 = hmr<br />
| glotto = hmar1241<br />
| glottorefname = Hmar<br />
| altname = Manmasi, Sinlung, Mar<br />
| ancestor = Manmasi<br />
| ancestor2 = Nelachal<br />
| ancestor3 = Tukbemsawm<br />
| fam1 = [[Sino-Tibetan]]<br />
| fam4 = [[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]<br />
| fam5 = Hmar cluster<br />
}}<br />
{{Incubator|code=hmr}}<br />
<br />
The '''Hmar language''' or Khawsak ṭawng belongs to the [[Kukish languages|Kukish]] branch of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] family of languages. The speakers of the language are also known as [[Hmars|Hmar]]. According to the official [[2011 Census of India]], there are 29,268 Hmar/Khawsak speakers in [[Assam]], 48,375 in [[Manipur]], 1,700 in [[Meghalaya]], 18,587 in [[Mizoram]] although Majority of the Hmars in Mizoram speak Duhlian ([[Mizo language|Mizo]]).<br />
<br />
Hmar/Khawsak is a recognised language in the School curriculum of [[Assam]], [[Manipur]] and [[Mizoram]], and also recently recognised as one of the [[Modern Indian Language]] (MIL) at [[Manipur University]]. Board of Secondary Education, Assam has also included Hmar(Khawsak dialect) as an MIL in its matriculation syllabus from 2005. Both [[Manipur University]] and [[Assam University]], Silchar has also permitted Khawsak Hmar language to be studied as Modern Indian Language in the Graduation level.<br />
<br />
==Geographical distribution==<br />
Khawsak dialect of Hmar is spoken in the following locations<br />
<br />
*[[Assam]]: [[Dima Hasao district]] (formerly North Cachar district), [[Karbi Anglong district]], Barak Valley ([[Hailakandi district]], [[Karimganj district]] and [[Cachar district]])<br />
*[[Manipur]]: [[Pherzawl district]], [[Churachandpur district]], [[Jiribam district]], [[Imphal]] and [[Moreh, India|Moreh]]<br />
*[[Mizoram]]: [[Aizawl district]], [[Champhai district]] and [[Kolasib district]]<br />
*[[Tripura]]: In and around [[Darchawi]] and [[Jampui Hills]]<br />
*[[Meghalaya]]: [[Shillong]] and Khaddum village <br />
*[[Myanmar]]: [[Tamu District|Tamu]]<br />
*[[Bangladesh]]: [[Bawm people|Bawm]]<br />
<br />
Since Hmar speakers are scattered over a vast area in [[Mizoram]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Tripura]], [[Chittagong Hill Tracts|Chittagong Hill tracts]], North Carolina Hills and [[Cachar district]] of [[Assam]] state and Myanmar, there appears to be slight dialectal distinction. There is no homogeneous settlement of Hmar speakers alone.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} In Manipur, Hmar exhibits partial mutual intelligibility with the other Kukish dialects of the area including [[Thadou language|Thadou]], [[Paite language|Paite]], [[Vaiphei language|Vaiphei]], [[Simte language|Simte]], [[Kom language (India)|Kom]] and [[Gangte language|Gangte]] languages.<ref name=Singh>{{cite journal|last1=Singh|first1=Chungkham Yashawanta|title=The linguistic situation in Manipur|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|date=1995|volume=18|issue=1|pages=129–134|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* VIRTHL-Ushering Change: News & Info House of the Hmars [http://www.virthli.in/ ''Visit Site'' ]<br />
*Hmar Rûnpui : Hmar Social Networking [https://web.archive.org/web/20120226143103/http://www.hmarrunpui.com/ ''Visit Site'']<br />
*Manipur Online [https://web.archive.org/web/20060424100356/http://www.manipuronline.com/Features/June2002/hmar11_2.htm ''The Unresolved Issues of the Hmar'']<br />
*[http://hmar.in/ ''Hmar.in'']<br />
*[http://hmarram.com/ ''Hmarram.com'']<br />
*Sinlung News [http://sinlung.com]<br />
<br />
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}<br />
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}<br />
{{Languages of Northeast India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kuki-Chin languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Hmar]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{st-lang-stub}}</div>UpdateBot