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{{Short description|British Army officer (1808–1875)}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox military person
|name = Sir Hope Grant
|image = James Hope Grant, 1853.jpg
|image_size=
|caption = Portrait of Grant by his brother [[Francis Grant (artist)|Francis Grant]], 1853
|birth_date = {{birth-date|22 July 1808}}
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{death-date and age|7 March 1875|22 July 1808}}
|death_place = London, England
|placeofburial_label =
|placeofburial =
|placeofburial_coordinates = 
|allegiance = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom
|branch = [[File:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]
|serviceyears = 1826–1875
|rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
|unit =
|commands = [[Commander British Forces in Hong Kong|Commander of British Troops in China and Hong Kong]] [[Madras Army]] [[Aldershot Command|Aldershot Division]]
|battles = [[First Opium War]] [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] [[Indian Mutiny of 1857]] [[Second Opium War]]
|awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
|relations =
|laterwork =
}}
[[File:Grave of General James Hope Grant.JPG|thumb|Grave of General James Hope Grant]]
[[File:Captain C Scott of the Gen. Sir. Hope Grant's Column, Sepoy Mutiny, 1857. Memorial at the St. Mary's Cathedral, Madras.jpg|thumb|Captain C Scott of the Gen. Sir. Hope Grant's Column, Sepoy Mutiny, 1857. Memorial at the [[St. Mary's Church, Chennai|St. Mary's Church, Madras]]]]
[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir James Hope Grant''', [[Order of the Bath|GCB]] (22 July 1808 – 7 March 1875) was a [[British Army]] officer. He served in the [[First Opium War]], [[First Anglo-Sikh War]], [[Indian Mutiny of 1857|Indian Rebellion of 1857]], and [[Second Opium War]].

== Early life ==
Grant was the fifth and youngest son of Francis Grant of [[Kilgraston School|Kilgraston]], Perthshire.<ref name=jsahr>{{cite web|last=Annand|first=A. McK.|title=GENERAL SIR JAMES HOPE GRANT, G.C.B.|publisher=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research|volume= 43|year= 1965|pages=44–48|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44222733|access-date= 7 May 2022}}</ref>

==Military career==
He entered the [[British Army]] in 1826 as cornet in the [[9th Lancers]], and became lieutenant in 1828 and captain in 1835. In 1842 he was brigade-major to [[Alexander Fraser, 17th Lord Saltoun|Lord Saltoun]] in the [[First Opium War]], and distinguished himself at the [[Battle of Chinkiang|capture of Chinkiang]], after which he received the rank of major and the [[Order of the Bath|CB]]. There is a popular, possibly apocryphal, story that he was selected by Saltoun (a keen violinist) because he wanted a cellist to accompany him and Hope Grant was the only officer he could find who played the cello.<ref>Fortescue - ''History of the British Army''</ref> In the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] of 1845–1846 he took part in the [[battle of Sobraon]]; and in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] campaign of 1848–1849 he commanded the 9th Lancers, and won high reputation in the Battles of [[Battle of Chilianwala|Chillianwalla]] and [[Battle of Gujrat|Gujarat]].<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11267 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref>

He was promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel and shortly afterwards to the same substantive rank. In 1854 he became brevet-colonel, and in 1856 brigadier of cavalry. He took a leading part in the suppression of the [[Indian Mutiny of 1857]], holding for some time the command of the cavalry division, and afterwards of a movable column of horse and foot.<ref name=odnb/>

After rendering valuable service in the operations before [[Delhi]] and in the final assault on the city, he directed the victorious march of the cavalry and horse artillery dispatched in the direction of [[Cawnpore]] to open up communication with the commander-in-chief [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Sir Colin Campbell]], whom he met near the [[Alambagh]], and who raised him to the rank of [[brigadier general (United Kingdom)|brigadier-general]], and placed the whole force under his command during what remained of the perilous march to [[Lucknow]] for the relief of the residency. After the retirement towards Cawnpore he greatly aided in effecting there the total rout of the rebel troops, by making a detour which threatened their rear; and following in pursuit with a [[flying column]], he defeated them with the loss of nearly all their guns at [[Serai Ghat]].<ref name=odnb/>

He also took part in the operations connected with the recapture of Lucknow, shortly after which he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and appointed to the command of the force employed for the final pacification of India. Before the work of pacification was quite completed he was created [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath|KCB]]. In 1859 he was appointed, with the local rank of lieutenant-general, to be [[Commander British Forces in Hong Kong|Commander of British Troops in China and Hong Kong]] and to lead the British land forces in the [[Second Opium War|Anglo-French expedition against China]]. The object of the campaign was accomplished within three months of the landing of the forces at [[Beitang Subdistrict|Pei-tang]] (1 August 1860). The [[Taku Forts]] had been carried by assault, the Chinese defeated three times in the open and Peking occupied.<ref name=odnb/>

== Later life ==
For his conduct in this, which has been called the most successful and the best carried out of England's "little wars," he received the thanks of parliament and was gazetted [[Order of the Bath|GCB]]. In 1861 he was made lieutenant-general and appointed commander-in-chief of the [[Madras Army]]; on this appointment he was automatically made a member of the [[Madras Legislative Council]] and held a seat from 1861 to 1864. On his return to England in 1865 he was made [[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]] at headquarters; and in 1870 he was transferred to the command of [[Aldershot Command|Aldershot Division]], where he took a leading part in the reform of the educational and training systems of the forces, which followed the Franco-German War. The introduction of annual army manoeuvres was largely due to Grant. In 1872 he was promoted to full general.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23862|page=2518|date=28 May 1872}}</ref>

He died in London on 7 March 1875.<ref name=odnb/> He is buried in [[Grange, Edinburgh|Grange Cemetery]] in Edinburgh.<ref name=jsahr>{{cite web|last=Annand|first=A. McK.|title=GENERAL SIR JAMES HOPE GRANT, G.C.B.|publisher=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research|volume= 43|year= 1965|pages=44–48|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44222733|access-date= 7 May 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Grant, Sir James Hope|volume=12|pages=354–355}}

==Further reading==
*Knollys, Henry, ed. (1873). ''Incidents in the Sepoy War 1857-58. Compiled from the Private Journals of General Sir Hope Grant, K.C.B.''. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons.
*Knollys, Henry, ed. (1875). ''Incidents in the China War of 1860. Compiled from the Private Journals of General Sir Hope Grant G.C.B.''. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons.

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box | before=[[Charles van Straubenzee|Sir Charles van Straubenzee]] | title=[[Commander British Forces in Hong Kong|Commander of British Troops in China and Hong Kong]] | years=1860–1861 | after=[[John Michel (British Army officer)|Sir John Michel]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Patrick Grant (Indian Army officer)|Sir Patrick Grant]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Madras Army|C-in-C, Madras Army]]|years=1861–1864}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Le Marchant (British Army officer, born 1803)|Sir John Le Marchant]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Richard Airey, 1st Baron Airey|Sir Richard Airey]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Quartermaster-General to the Forces]]|years=1865–1870}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Frederick Haines|Sir Frederick Haines]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[James Yorke Scarlett|Sir James Scarlett]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Aldershot Command|GOC-in-C Aldershot Division]]|years=1870–1875}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Montagu Steele|Sir Thomas Steele]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Hope}}
[[Category:1808 births]]
[[Category:1875 deaths]]
[[Category:9th Queen's Royal Lancers officers]]
[[Category:British Army generals]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Second Opium War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Sikh War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Opium War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Sikh War]]
[[Category:Commanders-in-chief of Madras]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]

Hope Grant - Revision history

UpdateBot at 14:38, 7 May 2022