2409:4072:38E:A955:403A:D9B8:EBAF:1016 at 15:19, 24 June 2022

2022-06-24T15:19:39Z

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{{Short description|Industrial city in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hosur
| official_name = Hosur
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Hosur.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Skyline view of Hosur
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|12.735|N|77.829|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 13 February 2019
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = [[Hosur Municipal corporation]]
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = S. A. Sathya
| leader_title2 = Corporation Commissioner
| leader_name2 = Balasubramanian
| leader_title3 = Commissioner of Police
| leader_name3 = Saroj Kumar Thakur [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 880
| population_total = 116,821 (2011 census) 4.95 Lakhs (General Estimate)
| population_as_of = 2021 (General Estimate)
| population_footnotes = <ref>https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in › ...
Population - Hosur City Municipal Corporation</ref><ref>https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in › ...
Web results
Home - Hosur City Municipal Corporation</ref>{{unreliable source|date=July 2021}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 635109, 635110,635126,635130
| area_code = 04344<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stdcodes.in/std-codes-in-india-31-std-codes-in-tamilnadu.htm|title=STD Codes (Tamil Nadu)|access-date=2009-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719105404/http://www.stdcodes.in/std-codes-in-india-31-std-codes-in-tamilnadu.htm|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| area_code_type =
| iso_code = 04344
| registration_plate = TN 70
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000:963 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = www.hosurcorporation.gov.in
| footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 190.2
}}

'''Hosur''' is an industrial city located in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Hosur is one of the municipal corporations in Tamil Nadu. It is located on the bank of the river [[River Ponnaiyar]], {{convert|40|km|mi|0}} southeast of [[Bengaluru]] and {{convert|306|km|mi|0}} west of [[Chennai]], the state capital. Hosur is home to major manufacturing industries including [[Ashok Leyland]], [[Titan Industries|Titan]], [[TVS Motors]], [[Caterpillar Inc.|Caterpillar]], [[TVS Group|Sundaram Fasteners]], [[Schaeffler Group|Schaffler]], and many others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |access-date=2008-10-09 |publisher=Election Commission of India |format=PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031131000/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=2008-10-31 }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Oosor Hosur , Salem District.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|view of [[Chandra Choodeswarar Temple, Hosur]] in 1860]]
[[File:The fort of Hosur, 1792, from the south-west with breached wall and Union flag flying.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|British fort used during the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]]]
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}
Hosur was known as ''Murasu Nadu'' during the [[Chola period]] in the 13th century.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} From the 16th century onwards, the town has come to be known by its present name.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} The [[Chandra Choodeswarar Temple, Hosur|Chandrachoodeshwara Swamy Temple]], an 11th-century temple, has inscriptions that tell about the contributions made by [[Hoyasalas]]. [[Hoysalas]] ruled Hosur around 1200 CE and contributed to the temple. Then it came under [[Vijayanagara Empire]].

Later, Hosur was part of [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. From 1790 to 1792 Tipu Sultan lost the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War|third Anglo-Mysore war]] to the British. In 1801 he handed over the southern part of the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore kingdom]] as a partial settlement to the English government.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

[[James Hunter (Military Artist)|James Hunter]] served as a lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. He was a military painter, and his sketches portrayed aspects of military and everyday life.

In April 2022, plans to expand the city to 740 square kilometres were announced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/latest-news/krishnagiri/hosur-corporation-expansion-master-plan-meeting-held-by-mayor-sa-sathya/articleshow/90782856.cms|title=ஓசூர் மாநகராட்சி 'மாஸ்டர் பிளான்' - நடப்பது என்ன?|website=Samayam Tamil|language=ta|access-date=2022-04-14}}</ref>

==Administration==
[[File:Municipality office of Hosur.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Municipality office of Hosur]]
Hosur was constituted as a Selection Grade Town Panchayat in 1962. It was upgraded to Second Grade Municipality in the year 1992. In 1998, it was upgraded to Selection Grade Municipality vide G.O.(MAWS) No.85 dated 22 May 1998. In 2011, vide GO. No. 127 dated 8 September 2011 town panchayat of Mathigiri and village panchayats of Zuzuvadi, Mookandapalli, Avalapalli and Chennathur were included in Hosur Municipality. On 13 February 2019, Hosur was upgraded as the 13th corporation city of Tamil Nadu comprising the adjoining areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2019/feb/13/hosur-nagercoil-municipalities-set-to-become-municipal-corporations-1938320.html|title=Hosur, Nagercoil municipalities set to become municipal corporations|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-02-13}}</ref>

==Climate==
Hosur experiences a tropical savanna climate ([[Köppen climate classification]]) with distinct wet and dry seasons. Due to its high elevation, Hosur usually enjoys salubrious and moderate climate throughout the year, with occasional heat waves. The coolest month is January with an average low temperature of 17.1 °C and the hottest month is May with an average high temperature of 33.6 °C .{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} Winter temperatures rarely drop below 12 °C with the lowest ever recorded temperature of 7.1 °C recorded on 1 February 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/winter-still-here-tn-telangana-record-lowest-temperatures-season-february-1-75802%3famp |title=Winter is still here: TN, Telangana record lowest temperatures of season on February 1 |publisher=The News Minute |date=February 2, 2018 |accessdate=2022-05-25}}</ref> and summer temperatures seldom exceed 35 °C. Hosur receives rainfall from both the northeast and the southwest monsoons and the wettest months are October, September, and August, in that order. The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent thunderstorms but no flooding. Average humidity is 31% and average rainfall is 84 cm.
{{Weather box
|location = Hosur
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|temperature colour =pastel

|Jan high C = 26.9
|Feb high C = 29.4
|Mar high C = 33.0
|Apr high C = 33.3
|May high C = 33.2
|Jun high C = 29.3
|Jul high C = 28.2
|Aug high C = 28.4
|Sep high C = 28.8
|Oct high C = 28.1
|Nov high C = 27.4
|Dec high C = 26.4

|Jan low C = 14.8
|Feb low C = 16.2
|Mar low C = 18.6
|Apr low C = 21.1
|May low C = 21.3
|Jun low C = 20.3
|Jul low C = 19.6
|Aug low C = 19.7
|Sep low C = 19.4
|Oct low C = 19.1
|Nov low C = 17.2
|Dec low C = 15.5
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan rain mm = 7
|Feb rain mm = 8
|Mar rain mm = 3
|Apr rain mm = 62
|May rain mm = 94
|Jun rain mm = 63
|Jul rain mm = 78
|Aug rain mm = 101
|Sep rain mm = 134
|Oct rain mm = 179
|Nov rain mm = 65
|Dec rain mm = 15

|source 1 = en.climate-data.org,<ref name= climate >{{cite web
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/53367/ | title = Climate:Hosur | access-date = 4 January 2014 }}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|83.66}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|11.37}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|4.5}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.05}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.02}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.11}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.27}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.02}}}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = '''Languages in Hosur taluk''' (2011)<ref name="Language">{{cite web |title=Census of India - Language |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |website= censusindia.gov.in |access-date= 17 April 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|value1 = 42.1
|color1 = Blue
|label2 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|value2 = 32.2
|color2 = Red
|label3 = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
|value3 = 17.1
|color3 = Orange
|label4 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|value4 = 5.6
|color4 = Green
|label5 = Others
|color5 = Grey
|value5 = 3
}}

{{Historical populations|type=
|align = right
|state=collapsed
|1981 | 27129
| 1991 | 41739
| 2001 | 84394
|2011|116821
|footnote=Sources:
|Notable person=Fredrick Samuel J}}
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Hosur had a population of 116,821 with a sex-ratio of 968 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 14,307 were under the age of six, constituting 7,274 males and 7,033 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 8.08% and 0.17% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the city was 76.69%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The city had a total of 29,255 households. There were a total of 43,959 workers, comprising 212 cultivators, 308 main agricultural labourers, 747 in household industries, 38,463 other workers, 4,229 marginal workers, 57 marginal cultivators, 62 marginal agricultural laborers, 189 marginal workers in household industries and 3,921 other marginal workers.

As per the religious census of 2011, Hosur had 83.66% [[Hindus]], 11.37% [[Muslims]], 4.5% [[Christians]], 0.05% [[Sikhs]], 0.02% [[Buddhists]], 0.11% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.27% following other religions and 0.02% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

Tamil is the official language and is spoken by majority of the People. Telugu and Kannada are also widely spoken, since the town was part of Mysore Kingdom prior to linguistic reorganization of states in 1956. With industrialization lot of people migrated from various parts of the state, so there are a significant number of Tamil speakers now in the town.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/TablesSeries2001.aspx|title=WELCOME TO CENSUS OF INDIA : Census India Library|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2016-04-26}}</ref>

==Economy==
Hosur is an industrial hub and houses several automobile and manufacturing industries. Major companies include [[TVS Motor Company|TVS Motors]], [[Ashok Leyland]], [[Titan Industries|Titan]], Sundaram Clayton, Harita Seatings, Harita Fehrer, [[General Electric]], [[Kansai Nerolac Paints]], [[Mylan]], GRB Foods, [[Tatra (company)|Kamaz Vectra Motors]], [[Alstom]], [[Faiveley Transport]], [[Caterpillar Inc.]], [[Murugappa Group|Carborundum Universal]], [[Exide Industries|Exide Industries Ltd]], [[Hindustan Motors]], Ion Exchange (India) Limited, [[Hindustan Unilever]], [[Schaeffler Group|Schaeffler]], [[TTK Group|TTK Prestige]], Tab India Granites Pvt Ltd, [[Bata Shoes]], [[Del Monte Foods]], [[NEC|Nippon Electricals]], [[Wendt]], [[Toyota Boshoku]], [[Nilkamal Plastics]] and [[Reckitt Benckiser]]. There are plans for the development of an Information Technology [[Special Economic Zone]] near Hosur.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/09/stories/2009060957720100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611051054/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/09/stories/2009060957720100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-06-11|title=Plans for IT-SEZ in Hosur | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2009-06-09}}</ref> [[ELCOT]] has called for applications for the allotment of land in the IT Park of Hosur in the month of June 2010. Proximity to [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] is seen as an advantage. Many startup IT companies prefer Hosur for their initial operations. In December 2019, Electric vehicle manufacturer [[Ather Energy]] signed an MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu to set up a {{Cvt|400000|sqft||abbr=}} manufacturing plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ather-energy-to-set-up-electric-vehicle-manufacturing-facility-at-hosur-in-tn/articleshow/72331050.cms|title=Ather Energy to set up electric vehicle manufacturing facility at Hosur in TN - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref>

A variety of fruits and vegetables are cultivated around Hosur. The land is very fertile and there is significant access to fresh water as well as labor. Crops consist of tomatoes, cabbages, onions, mangoes, capsicum, carrot, cucumber, beans, coriander leaves, turnips and radish. Roses are also grown in large numbers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tidco.com/tanflora.html|title=TANFLORA - Tidco|work=tidco.com}}</ref> [[District Livestock Farm (Hosur)|District Livestock Farm]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2002_03/ahus-c.htm|title=District Livestock Farm}}</ref> was started in 1824. Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre (CSGRC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.silkgermplasm.com.html|title=CSGRC}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> was established in 1991 to protect and conserve mulberry and silkworm germ plasm resources. In July 2019, the government announced the construction of an international flower auction centre with quality control laboratory, cold storage facility, administrative building and an electronic auction hall at a cost of {{INR}} 202 million. It will deal with flowers cultivated on 3,702 hectares in the district, which are also exported to [[Australia]], [[Singapore]], and [[Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite news
| title = Hosur to get international flower auction centre
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| page = 4
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 19 July 2019
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/hosur-to-get-international-flower-auction-centre/article28566297.ece
| access-date = 21 July 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}
===Road===
National Highway [[AH43]] (NH 44) passes through Hosur connecting it with [[Bangalore]], [[Chennai]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Madurai]] and [[Kanyakumari]].
This stretch of the highway passing through the city is the [[Chennai]]–[[Mumbai]] arm of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]] highway. NH 648 and NH 844 also connect with Hosur to other cities.
===Rail===
[[File:Hosur Railway Station 1.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Hosur Railway station ]]
Hosur has a [[Hosur railway station|railway station]], located on the [[Bengaluru]]–[[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] railway line and falls under the Bengaluru Division of the [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]. Hosur is well connected to major cities across the country by rail. There are frequent passenger trains between Hosur and Bengaluru. It has three rail tracks, two for passenger trains, intercity, express trains, and another for freight.

[[File:Area view of New Bus station.jpg|thumb|Area view of Hosur bus station]]

===Bus===
Hosur has a [[K. Appavu Pillai Memorial Bus Terminus|central bus station]] which was re-constructed and named after Father of Hosur, veteran politician [[K. Appavu Pillai]] and inaugurated by [[M. K. Stalin]] on 18 July 2010.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/10/stories/2010071054840300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714165025/http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/10/stories/2010071054840300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 July 2010 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=New bus stand in Hosur to be named after Appavu Pillai | date=10 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/stalin-to-commission-new-bus-stand-in-hosur-today/article520797.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Stalin to commission new bus stand in Hosur today | date=17 July 2010}}</ref> [[TNSTC|TNSTC (Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation)]] Salem Division buses connect Hosur to major cities and towns in [[Tamil Nadu]] and also to neighboring states. Several private bus services, [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC (Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation)]], [[APSRTC|APSRTC (Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation)]], PRTC (Pondicherry Road Transport Corporation) also operate from the city.

===Air===
The nearest major airport is the [[Bengaluru International Airport]], about 80 km from Hosur.

[[Hosur Aerodrome]] was established in 1994. It has a 7012 feet long and 150 feet wide runway. The present aerodrome located at Bellagondapalli is maintained by TAAL.

== Education ==
'''Schools'''

Hosur has established schools to serve its diverse population.
{{Cleanup list|date=October 2020}}
* [https://ricemms.com/ Mathakondapalli Model School]
* Sishya School
* Nalandha International Public School
* Advaith International Academy
* Asian Christian High School
* Diamond Stone International School
* Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Bagalur Road
* RVGBHS School
* RVGGHS School
* Green Valley Matriculation School
* Gurukulam Global Residential School
* Hosur Public School
* Litera Valley Zee School
* Maharishi Vidya Mandir
* Oakridge International School
* Parimalam Matric Higher Secondary School
* Seventh Day Adventist
* Siddharth Village Public School
* Sri Chaitanya School
* Sri Gurukulam Secondary School
* Sri Vijay Vidyalaya
* Sri Vijay Vidyashram
* St. Joseph Matric Higher Secondary and Primary School
* Swathy Group of Schools
* The Ashok Leyland School
* The Titan school
* TVS Academy
* KBG Foundation
* Vailankanni matric higher secondary school
* Bhagavan Shree Ramakrishna Matric Higher Secondary school
* MS Dhoni global school

'''Colleges'''
* Govt Arts and Science College
* Adhiyamaan College of Engineering
* Adhiyamaan College of Polytechnic
* Adhiyamaan College of Education
* MGR Art and Science College
* St Peter's Medical College Hospital and Research Institute
* Perumal Manimekalai Polytechnic and Engineering College
* St Joseph's Arts and Science College for Women
* St Joseph's ITI and Polytechnic College
* Government ITI
* Adhiyamaan Teacher Training institute
* College of Poultry Production and Management

==Places of interest==
*[[List of places named after C. Rajagopalachari|Rajaji Memorial]] at [[Thorapalli]] where [[Rajaji]] was born
*[[Chandra Choodeswarar Temple, Hosur|Sri Chandrachoodeshwara Temple]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Chandira Choodeswarar Temple, Hosur|url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g1102838-d4089147-Reviews-Chandira_Choodeswarar_Temple-Hosur_Krishnagiri_District_Tamil_Nadu.html|website=Tripadvisor|language=en|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>
*Ecological Park & Walkers Lane at Rama naicken Lake
*Kelavarapalli Reservoir Project is one of the prime attractions at Hosur. Kelavarapalli Reservoir Project or Kelavarapalli Dam is 10 km away from Hosur and 8 km from [[Karnataka]], across the River [[Ponniar]], which originates from the eastern slopes of [[Chennakesava Hills]].
*Dakshina Thirupathi Temple at the entrance of Sanamavu forest alongside Bengaluru Highway
*Shree Parshwa Susheel Dham Swetamber Jain Temple - famous Jain temple, 19 km away from Hosur.
<gallery>
File:Sri Chandra Choodeswara Temple.jpg|Sri Chandra Choodeswara Temple
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621151116/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Hosur/ Hosur Municipality]
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V13_211.gif Historical details of Hosur at Digital South Asia Library]
{{commons}}

{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Krishnagiri district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Krishnagiri district]]

Hosur - Revision history

2409:4072:38E:A955:403A:D9B8:EBAF:1016 at 15:19, 24 June 2022