>Marcocapelle at 12:25, 17 April 2021

2021-04-17T12:25:13Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Buddhist term
| fontsize=100%
| title=hri
| pi= हिरि (hiri)
| sa= ह्री (hrī)
| en= self-respect,<br/> conscientiousness,<br/> sense of shame,<br/>dignity
| ja=慚
| ja-Latn=zan
| bo= ངོ་ཚ་ཤེས་པ།
| bo-Latn=[[Wylie transliteration|Wylie]]: ngo tsha shes pa; <br />[[THL_Simplified_Phonetic_Transcription|THL]]: ngo tsa shepa
| ko = [[:ko:참 (불교)|참]]
| ko-Latn = cham
| zh=慚(T) / 惭(S)
}}

[[File:Hrīḥ.png|thumb|Hrīḥ in [[Siddhaṃ]].]]

'''Hri''' ({{lang-sa|ह्री}}, {{IAST|hrī}}; {{lang-pi|hiri}}) is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] term translated as "self-respect" or "conscientiousness". It is defined as the attitude of taking earnest care with regard to one's actions and refraining from non-virtuous actions.<ref name=g1>Guenther (1975), Kindle Locations 524-526.</ref><ref name=eric1>Kunsang (2004), p. 24.</ref> It is one of the virtuous [[Mental factors (Buddhism)|mental factors]] within the [[Abhidharma]] teachings.

The [[Abhidharma-samuccaya]] states:

:"What is hri? It is to avoid what is objectionable as far as I see it and its function is to provide a basis for refraining from non-virtuous actions."<ref name="g1"/>

==Pali Canon==
There are two [[suttas]] in the [[Pali Canon]] that bear the title "Hiri Sutta." Both of these texts focus on the issue of moral shame.

The first sutta (SN 1.18) is a short dialogue between the Buddha and a [[deva (Buddhism)|deity]] on the nature of conscience.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bhikkhu Sujato |title=18. Conscience |url=https://suttacentral.net/sn1.18/en/sujato |website=SuttaCentral |accessdate=2019-10-24}}</ref>

The second sutta (Sn 2.3) is a question and answer dialogue between the Buddha and an ascetic regarding the nature of true friendship.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu |title=2:3 Shame |url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.2.03.than.html |website=dhammatalks.org |accessdate=2019-10-24}}</ref>

==Mahayana==
The [[Abhidharmakośabhāsya]] lists hrī among the ten virtuous mental factors (''daśa kuśalamahābhῡmikā dharma''; 大善地法).

The [[Yogacara|Yogācāra]] tradition recognizes it as one of the eleven wholesome mental factors (''ekādaśa-kuśala''; 十一善).

The former text states that the difference between hrī and [[apatrapya|apatrāpya]] is that the former is dominated by one's own understanding of morality. The latter by contrast, is empowered by one's sense of embarrassment.

==In the commentaries==
The Pali ''[[Patthana|Paṭṭhāna]]'' lists hiri among the [[twenty-five obhana cetasikas]] or "beautiful mental factors."

Hiri often function in conjunction with ''[[apatrapya|apatrāpya]]'' (Pali: ''ottappa''), or moral dread. These two are responsible for encouraging a person to avoid performing evil actions. Together they are known as ''[[lokapala|lokapāla]]'' or "guardians of the world".

The [[Puggalapannatti|Puggalapaññatti]] states:

:"To be ashamed of what one ought to be ashamed of, to be ashamed of performing evil and unwholesome things: this is called moral shame (hiri). To be in dread of what one ought to be in dread of, to be in dread of performing evil and unwholesome things: this is called moral dread (ottappa)."<ref>{{cite web |title=Hiri Ottappa; 2 Definition(s) |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/hiri-ottappa |website=Wisdom Library |accessdate=2019-10-24 |date=2010-06-06}}</ref>

==The goddess==
Hirī or Hiridevī is the name of a goddess and one of [[Śakra (Buddhism)|Śakra]]'s daughters. Her name is sometimes translated as "Honour".

She appears in several texts, including the [[Sudhābhojana Jātaka]]<ref>{{cite web |author1=H.T. Francis |title=The Jataka, Vol. V: No. 535.: Sudhābhojana-Jātaka |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/j5/j5028.htm |website=Internet Sacred Text Archive |accessdate=2019-10-24 |date=1905}}</ref> and the [[Mañjarī Jātaka]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=J. J. |title=The Mahavastu |date=1949 |publisher=Luzac |location=London |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/buddhism/book/the-mahavastu/d/doc242126.html#note-e-120755 |chapter=Chapter IV - Mañjarī-jātaka}}</ref> of the [[Mahāvastu]].

It is also the name of a [[yaksha]] that may be invoked in the [[Atanatiya Sutta|Āṭānāṭiya Sutta]].

==Alternative Translations==
*self-respect - Herbert Guenther, Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche, [[Rangjung Yeshe Wiki]]
*conscientiousness - Erik Pema Kunsang
*moral self-dignity - Alexander Berzin
*sense of shame - [[Rangjung Yeshe Wiki]]
*dignity

== See also ==
* [[Apatrāpya]]
* [[Mental factors (Buddhism)]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [[Herbert V. Guenther|Guenther, Herbert V.]] & Leslie S. Kawamura (1975), ''Mind in Buddhist Psychology: A Translation of Ye-shes rgyal-mtshan's "The Necklace of Clear Understanding"''. Dharma Publishing. Kindle Edition.
* [[Erik Pema Kunsang|Kunsang, Erik Pema]] (translator) (2004). ''Gateway to Knowledge, Vol. 1''. North Atlantic Books.

== External links ==
* [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/ngo_tsha_shes_pa Ranjung Yeshe wiki entry for ''ngo tsha shes pa'']
* [http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/about/glossary/glossary_tibetan.html#xngo_20tsha_20shes_20pa Berzin Archives glossary entry for "hri"]

[[Category:Wholesome factors in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Virtue]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]

{{Buddhism-stub}}

Hrī Buddhism - Revision history

>Marcocapelle at 12:25, 17 April 2021