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Hrangkhol language - Revision history
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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Kuki-Chin language spoken in India and Burma}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name=Hrangkhol<br />
|nativename=''Hrangkhawl''<br />
|states= [[India]] and [[Burma]]<br />
|region=[[Tripura]], southeast [[Manipur]], parts of [[Assam]]<br />
|speakers={{sigfig|18,700|2}}<br />
|date=2000<br />
|ref=e25<br />
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan<br />
|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]<br />
|fam3=[[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]] (?)<br />
|fam4=[[Kuki-Chin-Naga languages|Kuki-Chin-Naga]]<br />
|fam5=[[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]<br />
|fam6=[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]<br />
|fam7=[[Hmar languages|Hmar]]<br />
|iso3=hra<br />
|glotto=hran1239<br />
|glottorefname=Hrangkhol<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Hrangkhol''', '''Hrangkhawl''' belongs to the [[Mizo language|Mizo]] languages spoken by the [[Hrangkhawl people]] mainly in [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]] states in [[India]], with a minority living in [[Manipur]] and [[Mizoram]]. It is closely related with [[Kukislanguage|Khawsak dialect/Literary Kukis]] because, as each of the 20+ Kukis subtribes had their own dialect, over time they developed a lingua-franca, a common language for them all which today is known as "Khawsak țawng/Kukis țawng".<br />
<br />
== Phonology ==<br />
<br />
=== Vowels ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
!<br />
![[Front vowel|Front]]<br />
![[Central vowel|Central]]<br />
![[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|-<br />
![[Open vowel|Open]]<br />
|{{IPA link|i}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|u}}<br />
|-<br />
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br />
|{{IPA link|e}}<br />
|{{IPA link|ə}}<br />
|{{IPA link|o}}<br />
|-<br />
![[Close vowel|Close]]<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|a}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
All [[Monophthong|monophthongs]] occur in initial, medial, and final positions. Hrangkhol also has five [[Diphthong|diphthongs]], /ai/, /ei/, /əi/, /oi/, and /ui/. /ui/ and /ai/ occur in all positions, while /ei/, /əi/, and /oi/ only occur in medial and final positions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Debbarma |first=Surath |date=2018 |title=The Structure Of Hrangkhawl A Kuki Chin Language |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/362027 |journal=University |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Consonants ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"<br />
|+<br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]<br />
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br />
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br />
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
|{{IPA link|m}}<br />
|{{IPA link|n}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="3" |[[Plosive]]/<br />
[[Affricate]]<br />
!<small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small><br />
|[[Aspirated consonant|pʰ]]<br />
|[[Aspirated consonant|tʰ]]<br />
|<br />
|[[Aspirated consonant|kʰ]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small><br />
|{{IPA link|p}}<br />
|{{IPA link|t}}<br />
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}<br />
|{{IPA link|k}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small><br />
|{{IPA link|b}}<br />
|{{IPA link|d}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|g}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative]]<br />
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small><br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|s}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|h}}<br />
|-<br />
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small><br />
|{{IPA link|v}}<br />
|{{IPA link|z}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|r}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|l}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|w}}<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
All consonants occur in initial and medial positions, however only /p/, /t/, /k/, /r/, /l/, /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/ can occur as a [[Coda (linguistics)|coda]]. Hrangkhol also has [[Stop (linguistics)|stop]]-[[Liquid consonant|liquid]] [[Consonant cluster|clusters]] in syllable initial positions such as in ''klek'' "noise", and ''rtai'' "run". Consonant sequences between syllabic boundaries are also common, typically occurring in medial positions.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
=== Tone ===<br />
Hrangkhol distinguishes between high and low [[Tone (linguistics)|tones]], which are marked with an [[Acute accent|acute]] and a [[Grave accent|grave]] respectively.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}<br />
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}<br />
{{Languages of Northeast India}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hrangkhawl Language}}<br />
[[Category:Languages of Tripura]]<br />
[[Category:Kuki-Chin languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]<br />
<br />
{{St-lang-stub}}</div>
JeffryAlfaro75