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{{short description|Indian student|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Hridayeshwar Singh Bhati
|image = Hridayeshwar Singh Bhati with his chess variants(Invented).JPG
|alt = Bhati with his chess variants
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Bhati age 11, with his chess variants
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|2002|09|03}}
|birth_place = [[Jaipur, India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|6|15|2002|09|03|df=yes}}
|death_place =
|nationality = Indian
|other_names =
|occupation =
|known_for = Inventing six-, twelve-, and sixty-player circular [[chess variant]]s<ref name="Times of India" /><ref name="Mail">{{cite news |last=Today |first=Mail |title=Jaipur: Child Prodigy adds new twist to the game of chess |url=http://epaper.mailtoday.in/showtext.aspx?boxid=21950968&parentid=82154&issuedate=2662013 |accessdate=26 June 2013 |newspaper=Mail Today |date=26 June 2013}}</ref>
}}

'''Hridayeshwar Singh Bhati''' (3 September 2002 – 15 June 2021) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] student who invented a six-player [[List of chess variants|variant of chess]] at the age of 9 with assistance from his father.<ref name="Times of India"/><ref name="Deccan Herald">{{cite news |last=Wunderkind |title=9 yr old develops circular chess |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/238473/9-yr-old-develops-circular.html |accessdate=27 May 2013 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=30 March 2012}}</ref> He earned a patent for his invention in 2012, making him the youngest patent-holder in India at that time.<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Ajay |title=Youngest patent-holder on wheelchair |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-30/jaipur/31260549_1_chess-players-patent-muscular-dystrophy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827154349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-30/jaipur/31260549_1_chess-players-patent-muscular-dystrophy |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 August 2013 |accessdate=22 May 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="India Today">{{cite news|last=Mishra|first=Sudhanshu|title=Jaipur: Boy builds multi-player chessboard |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jaipur-boy-builds-multi-player-chessboard/1/182580.html |accessdate=22 May 2013 |newspaper=India Today |date=1 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.magzter.com/preview_reader.php?edition_id=27262 |title=SOCIETY |date=September 2013 |page=4 |accessdate=22 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927003250/http://www.magzter.com/preview_reader.php?edition_id=27262 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NDTV India">{{cite news |last=Khabar |first=NDTV |title=जिंदगी की जंग का हौसला... |url=http://khabar.ndtv.com/video/show/news/227885 |accessdate=27 May 2013 |website=NDTV India |date=30 March 2012|language=Hindi}}</ref> For his invention Bhati received the CavinKare Ability Special Recognition Award<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news |title=A chess prodigy with a difference |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-chess-prodigy-with-a-difference/article4492214.ece |accessdate=22 May 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 March 2013}}</ref> and the Sri Balaji Society's Child Innovator Award.<ref name="Business Standard">{{cite news |last=Business |first=Standard |title=9-year-old differently-abled boy gets child innovation Award |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/9-yr-old-differently-abled-boy-gets-child-innovator-award-112051000369_1.html |accessdate=27 May 2013 |website=Business-standard.com |date=10 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last=24X7 |first=NDTV |title=9-year-old differently-abled boy gets child innovation Award |url= http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/nine-year-old-differently-abled-boy-gets-child-innovator-award-209093 |accessdate=27 May 2013 |website=ndtv.com |date=10 May 2013}}</ref> He since designed and received patents for twelve- and sixty-player versions of his game, with his boards capable of 100 distinct variations altogether.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/rajasthan/11-yr-old-with-fatal-disorder-makes-a-name-in-chess-invention_876609.html|title=11-yr-old with fatal disorder makes a name in chess invention|date=15 September 2013|publisher=Z News|accessdate=16 September 2013}}</ref>

Besides circular chess, Bhati developed a ramp system enabling easy access to vehicles for the disabled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/boy-builds-disabled-friendly-vehicle-entry-system-114011400601_1.html |title=Boy builds disabled-friendly vehicle entry system |date=14 January 2014 |work=[[Business Standard]] |accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref> In 2014 he was presented a [[Mukesh Batra|Dr. Batra's Positive Health Award]] by [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]].<ref>{{cite web|title=12-year-old awarded for disable-friendly innovation|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-11-22/news/56362219_1_three-patents-chess-innovation|publisher=The Economic Times|accessdate=26 November 2014}}</ref>

Bhati suffered from [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]] and used a wheelchair. He credited his passion for invention to his admiration of British physicist [[Stephen Hawking]]: "I want to be like Hawking who became a famous scientist despite suffering from motor neuron disease."<ref name="Times of India" /> Bhati died of cardiac arrest on 15 June 2021.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Gulf News|title= India's youngest patent-holder Hridayeshwar Singh Bhati dies of cardiac arrest at 19|date=June 16, 2021 |url= https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/indias-youngest-patent-holder-hridayeshwar-singh-bhati-dies-of-cardiac-arrest-at-19-1.1623845012024}} </ref>

==Six-player circular chess==
Bhati's version of [[List of chess variants#Multiplayer variants|multiplayer]] chess is played on a circular [[Chessboard|board]] with 228 black and white cells (or {{boardgloss|space|spaces}}). The 12 red spaces are not used. Up to six players in teams of two or three can play. Bhati's design employs all the standard [[chess pieces]] and their [[Rules of chess|moves]].<ref name="Financial Express">{{cite news |last=Express |first=Financial |title=Disabled Boy Gets Patent for 6 player chess |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/disabled-boy-gets-patent-for-6-players-chess/930118 |accessdate=27 May 2013 |newspaper=Financialexpress.com |date=29 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="IBN Live">{{cite news |last=IBN |first=Live |title=9 yr old disabled boy gets patent for 6 player chess |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/9yrold-disabled-boy-gets-patent-for-6-players-chess/980777.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104004431/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/9yrold-disabled-boy-gets-patent-for-6-players-chess/980777.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|accessdate=27 May 2013 |website=Ibnlive.com |date=29 March 2012}}</ref> Individual armies are distinguished by colour.

[[File:Six-player circular chess board with pieces.jpg|thumb|upright=1.20|left|Six-player circular chess, starting setup]]

===Rules===
Each player starts the game with the same number and types of pieces as in standard chess. Non-pawn pieces start in their normal positions on the {{chessgloss|back ranks}} (the 8×1 extensions at the board perimeter), with queens always placed to the left of kings. Pawns are placed on the rank in front of the pieces as in standard chess.

Red spaces cannot be occupied or passed through when moving or capturing. The multicoloured central area can be passed through but not occupied. It is considered a single "null" space, so a cell bordering it is considered adjacent to the cell on the direct opposite side of the null area. (E.g., a pawn on a cell bordering the null space that moves one step straight forward, will end its move on the opposite side of the null space on the same-coloured cell.)

The king, knight, and pawn have their standard chess moves, unaffected when crossing the central null space, where a cell directly across is considered adjacent. A pawn promotes as normal when reaching any player's back rank. A rook moves horizontally along concentric rings of cells, and vertically along files, including crossing the central null space and continuing along the same file in a straight line. When moving horizontally, a rook cannot end its move on the same cell it started from. The queen moves horizontally and vertically the same as a rook. When a queen or bishop moves diagonally and then crosses the central null space to the opposite side, it must continue from a cell of the same colour it started from: it is moved one cell clockwise or anticlockwise after passing the null space, consistent with whether it began its diagonal movement in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction.

When a player is [[checkmate]]d or {{chessgloss|resign|resigns}}, all their remaining pieces are removed from play.<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Harsha Kumari |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/physically-challenged-boy-invents-a-game-of-chess-for-6-people-192094 |title=Physically challenged boy invents a game of chess for 6 people |work=NDTV.com |date=30 March 2012 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref> In games where teams compete, the last team standing is the winner.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}

==See also==
* [[Circular chess]]

==References==
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhati, Hridayeshwar Singh}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Chess variant inventors]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:People with muscular dystrophy]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Jaipur]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Game players from Rajasthan]]

Hridayeshwar Singh Bhati - Revision history

UpdateBot at 01:50, 4 February 2022