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:''For the general concept of species moving around, see [[migration]]. For people moving data around see [[data migration]]''.

'''Human migration''' is people moving from one place to another to stay there. It often happens in large numbers. Migration can be within countries or between countries. Humans are known to have migrated extensively throughout history and [[prehistory]].

Sometimes, the movement is voluntary, but sometimes, people are forced to move. They may suffer [[warfare]], religious and political [[persecution]], [[famine]], and other natural disasters.
When people are forced to move, they are [[refugee]]s. Many refugees are [[illegal immigrant]]s and more than half are children and women. They may live in extreme poverty, lacking food, shelter, clothing, education and medical care.

==Rural-urban migration==
'''Rural-urban migration''', or [[urbanization]], is the movement from country areas to towns and cities. There are many reasons for people leaving the countryside. Often, they are [[overpopulation]], high birth rates, and starvation. [[Mechanization]] has caused a reduction in jobs available in the countryside.

Farming is hard work, with long hours and little pay. Many are [[subsistence farming|subsistence]] farmers. In developing countries, a lack of money means a lack of machinery. Natural disasters, such as droughts, hurricanes, floods and volcanic eruptions, destroy villages and crops. There is a lack of services like schools and hospitals in the countryside.

People move because they are looking for better-paid jobs and a higher quality of life. They have a better chance of services such as schools, medical treatment and entertainment. People are also attracted often by the advantages of a cosmopolitan lifestyle such as shops, restaurants, theaters, and nightlife.

Many arrive with little money and so canmot buy or rent a house, even if one is available. They must usually make a temporary shelter with cheap or usef materials. Some give up and go home.
Many children of [[migrant worker]] struggle for education.

In the new country, they often are not integrated and are treated like an underclass. However, they are needed even if the local population doe not like immigrants because they compete for the same jobs.
More people means more traffic and more crime. Immigrants help to build up cities, provide cheap labour, invest money, buy products and services, pay tax, and help companies compete.

==Ancient times==
The [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]] migrated many times between 4000 and 1000 BC, according to the [[Kurgan hypothesis]].
[[Image:IE expansion.png|350px|thumb|The purple area corresponds to the assumed ''[[Urheimat]]'' ([[Samara culture]], [[Sredny Stog culture]]). The red area corresponds to the area that may have been settled by Indo-European-speaking peoples until about 2500 BC, the orange area until about 1000 BC.]]

==Modern times==
The movement of populations in '''modern''' times has continued under the form of both voluntary migration within one's region, country, or beyond, and [[forced migration|involuntary migration]], which includes [[slave trade]], [[human trafficking]], and [[ethnic cleansing]]. The people who migrate are called '''[[migrants]]''' or, more specifically, [[emigrants]], [[immigrant]]s or [[settlers]], depending on the historical setting, circumstance, and perspective.

Many people have died while migrating.<ref>
{{Cite web|url=https://www.snopes.com/ap/2019/07/26/libyas-coast-guard-recovers-dozens-of-bodies-of-migrants/|title=Libya's Coast Guard Recovers Dozens of Bodies of Migrants|website=Snopes.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/lapi/hd_lapi.htm Metropolitan Museum page on Lapita culture]
* [http://www.rootsforreal.com/migrations_en.php An mtDNA view of the peopling of the world by Homo sapiens]
* National Geographic: [https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html Atlas of the Human Journey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060326213734/https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html |date=2006-03-26 }} ([[Haplogroup]]-based human migration maps)
* [http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/ Journey of Mankind : the Peopling of the World]
* [http://www.pstalker.com/migration/index.htm Stalker's Guide to International Migration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131171057/http://www.pstalker.com/migration/index.htm |date=2009-01-31 }}
* [http://diplomacymonitor.com/stu/dm.nsf/issued?openform&cat=Migration Diplomacy Monitor - Migration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310224857/http://diplomacymonitor.com/stu/dm.nsf/issued?openform&cat=Migration |date=2007-03-10 }}
* [http://global-culture.org/blog/category/migration/ Global Culture: essays on migration and globalization] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501084054/http://global-culture.org/blog/category/migration/ |date=2007-05-01 }}

[[Category:Migration]]

Human migration - Revision history

ImportMaster at 10:04, 5 May 2022