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{{short description|Heart-shaped lake in Hyderabad, Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Hussain Sagar
| native_name =
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| image = [[File:HussainSagar Moon Rise.jpg|270px|center]]
[[File:Buddha statue 11102016.jpg|270px|center]]
[[File:Night view footpath.jpg|270px|center]]
| caption = Images from top to bottom: {{flatlist|
* Rare view of Jupiter, Venus and the moon forming a triangle at Hussain Sagar
* Buddha Statue during Blue Hour
* Footpath at Hussain Sagar road
}}
| alt = views of Hussain Sagar
| location = [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], India
| coords = {{coord|17.45|N|78.5|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Reservoir|Artificial lake]]
| inflow =
| outflow =
| basin_countries = India
| length = {{cvt|3.2|km|mi|1}}
| width = {{cvt|2.8|km|mi|1}}
| area = {{cvt|4.4|km2|mi2|0|}}
| depth =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Hussain Sagar within Telangana
| max-depth = {{cvt|32|ft|m}}
| residence_time =
| elevation = {{cvt|1,755|ft|m}}
| islands = [[Buddha Statue of Hyderabad|Gibraltar rock (artificial)]]
| cities = [[Hyderabad, Telangana, India|Greater Hyderabad]]
| frozen =
}}

'''Hussain Sagar''' (alternatively referred to as '''Tank Bund''',<ref>{{Cite web|last=Govt of Telangana|first=Telangana Tourism|date=4 January 2015|title=Telangana Tourism|url=https://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/nature-discovery/hyderabad/hussain-sagar-lake.html|access-date=2 November 2020|website=Telangana Tourism}}</ref> ({{IPA-te|ɦusen sɑːgər}})) is a heart-shaped lake in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]], built by [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah]] in 1563. It is spread across an area of {{convert|5.7|sqkm}} and is fed by the [[Musi River (India)|River Musi]]. A large [[monolith]]ic statue of the [[Gautama Buddha]], erected in 1992, stands on Gibraltar Rock in the middle of the lake. It also separates the city centre of Hyderabad from its neighborhood [[Secunderabad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indospectrum.com/travels/india/files/buddha_statue_tank_bund.html |title=View of Buddha Statue, Tank Bund, Hyderabad, Telangana |publisher=indospectrum.com |access-date=2 November 2006}}</ref> The maximum depth of the lake is {{convert|32|feet}}

==History==
[[Image:Nizam-State-Road-Transport-buses TankBund.jpg|thumb|200px|left|A view of NSR bus on Tank Bund road c. 1932]]
Hussain Sagar was built across a tributary of the [[Musi River (India)|Musi river]] in 1563 by [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah]]. The lake was named after [[Hussain Shah Wali]], who was the Master of Architecture in the Kingdom. It is an artificial lake that holds water perennially fed by canals from Musi river. Hussain Sagar was the main source of water supply to Hyderabad before [[Himayat Sagar]] and [[Osman Sagar]] were built on river Musi.

The [[Buddha Statue of Hyderabad|Buddha statue]] was chiseled out of a white granite rock, weighing 450 tons. It was carved by 200 sculptors for two years. The statue was transported to Hyderabad in November 1988. After initial problems, the statue was erected on 12 April 1992 on a red lotus pedestal.

==Landmarks and attractions==
[[File:Hussain sagar boarding point.jpg|thumb|Boating point in the lake]]
The road on the [[Tank Bund]] was widened in 1946 when Sir [[Mirza Ismail]] was the prime minister of [[Hyderabad Deccan]]. Further widening and beautification of the Tank bund took place during 1987-88 by the then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh [[N.T.Rama Rao]] with the addition of fountains with dancing waters, tantalizing colored lights at night and bronze statues of renowned personalities.

=== Hussain Sagar Thermal Power Station ===
[[Hussain Sagar Thermal Power Station]] was built in the year 1920 by the 7th [[Nizam]] [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] on the banks of Hussain Sagar lake. It was the first thermal power station of South India.<ref>[http://www.exploretelangana.com/hussain-sagar-lake Hussain Sagar Lake - 450+ years old Man made Lake]</ref>
It supplied power to the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad from the year 1920 to the year 1983.<ref>{{cite news |title=V6 Ground Report – History of Hussain Sagar Thermal Power Station |url=http://v6news.tv/v6-ground-report-history-of-hussain-sagar-thermal-power-station |date=10 November 2014}}</ref>

===Patton Tank===
The Pakistan [[M47 Patton]] tank is a war trophy given to the 54th [[Infantry Division]] who had disabled it during the [[Battle of Basantar]] in Pakistan, during 15–17 December 1971. It was given to the city by the battalion after the [[India Pakistan war of 1971]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/War-hero-recalls-the-story-behind-tank-on-Tank-Bund/opinions/8753213.cms | title= War hero recalls tank bund| work=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Buddha statue===
An 18-meter high monolithic statue of Lord Buddha towers over the lake from atop the Rock of Gibraltar. The idea was a part of the Buddha Poornima project in 1985 by [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. The statue was chiseled out of a white granite rock, weighing 450 tons. It was carved by 200 sculptors for two years. The statue was transported to Hyderabad in November 1988. After initial problems, the statue was erected on 12 April 1992 on a red lotus pedestal.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| width = 200
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Lumbini Park, Hyderabad.jpg
| caption1 = Lumbini Park Jetty, Hyderabad
| image2 = Birla Mandir in Hyderabad, 2015.JPG
| caption2 = Birla Mandir in Hyderabad
| image3 = Caribbean Trumpet Tree (Tabebuia aurea) in Hyderabad W IMG 7091.jpg
| caption3 = Sanjeevaiah Park
| image4 = Imax theater hyderabad.jpg
| caption4 = Prasads IMAX
| image5 = NTR Memorial.jpg
| caption5 = NTR memorial
| image6 = Saidani maa tomb, Hyderabad.jpg
| caption6 = Saidaanimaa tomb
}}

===Lumbini Park===
{{Main|Lumbini Park}}
Lumbini Park is an urban park of {{convert|7.5|acre}} adjacent to Hussain Sagar. It was constructed at a cost of INR 2.35 crores on {{convert|5|acre}} of land as a part of the Buddha Poornima project. It has various attractions such as laser auditorium, boating facilities and musical fountains.<ref name="world_city">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/hi-tech-entertainments-on-the-anvil-for-hyderabad/articleshow/42222581.cms|title=Hi-tech entertainments on the anvil for Hyderabad|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 April 2003|access-date=17 August 2008|last=Ramanathan|first=Gayatri}}</ref>

===Birla Mandir===
{{Main|Birla Mandir, Hyderabad}}
Birla Mandir refers to different [[Hindu]] temple built by the [[Birla family]] in different cities. All these temples are magnificently build with white marble on a {{convert|280|feet}} high hillock called the Naubath Pahad located to the south of Hussain Sagar. The construction took ten years and was consecrated in 1976 by Swami [[Ranganathananda]] of Ramakrishna Mission.<ref name="indiatourism">{{cite web|url=http://indiatourism.ws/hyderabad/birla_mandir/|title=Birla Mandir - Hyderabad - Andhra Pradesh state in India|publisher=indiatourism.ws|access-date=25 January 2014}}</ref>

===Sanjeevaiah Park===
{{Main|Sanjeevaiah Park}}
Sanjeevaiah Park is a public green space and park located to the north of the lake. Built on {{convert|92|acres}}, the park is named
after [[Damodaram Sanjivayya]], former [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]. The park is managed by the [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]] and the park won the Best open landscape award during the 2010 Indian national trust for art and cultural heritage award presentations.<ref name="artwork">{{cite news|title=Art from recycled material at Sanjeevaiah Park|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article412293.ece|access-date=26 September 2010|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 April 2010}}</ref>

===Prasad's IMAX===
Prasad's IMAX is a multiplex of an area of {{cvt|235,000|sqft}}, housing an [[IMAX]] movie theater, a five screen multiplex, food court, multinational fast food outlets, a gaming zone and a shopping mall covering two levels of the complex.<ref>{{cite web|title=GHMC - Prasad's IMAX |url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/hyd/visitplacesnew.asp?status=13 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121219012151/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/hyd/visitplacesnew.asp?status=13 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2012 |publisher=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation |access-date=23 November 2012 }}</ref> It is India's third IMAX theater.<ref>{{Cite news|title= CNN Travel |url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/escape/worlds-10-coolest-movie-theaters-355218|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title= King of Good times Prasad's Imax|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-downtown/article2332172.ece?|work=The Hindu |date=7 August 2011}}</ref>

===Snow World===
{{Main|Snow World}}
Snow World is an amusement park located beside Indira Park and along the Hussain Sagar lake. The park can accommodate a total of 2,400 visitors in a day. Said to be the first of its kind at any show theme park or snow dome in the world, the visitors are exposed to snowfall for ten minutes for every hour.

===NTR Gardens===
{{Main|NTR Gardens}}
NTR Gardens is a small [[urban park]] of {{convert|55|acre|km2 sqmi}} adjacent to Hussain Sagar lake. Constructed in several phases since 1999, the park is presently being maintained by the Buddha Purnima Project Authority that functions under the directives of the [[Government of Telangana]]. The park is named after and houses the memorial of [[N T Rama Rao]], a matinee idol and former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh who died on 18 January 1996.

===Tomb of Saidani Maa Sahebaa===
{{Main|Saidani Ma Tomb}}
Sayedani Maa Tomb is an [[Archaeological Survey of India]] declared heritage site located at the north end of Hussain Sagar. Saidani Maa Saheba was a saint of the [[Nizam]] era. An example of [[Islamic architecture]], the tomb has been carved intricately with marble latticework.<ref>[http://www.thecityguide.in/Hyderabad/Attractions/NEAHJ/Saidani-Maa-Saheba-Ki-Dargah-Tank-Bund thecityguide.in]</ref>

===Sailing===
Hussain Sagar lake is a popular spot for sailing. [[Regatta]]s have been held here since 1971 jointly by the EME Sailing Association and the Secunderabad Sailing Club. Hyderabad Sailing Week has been conducted here since 1984 when the first laser boats were introduced by the Laser Class Association of India. The event has grown from ten laser entries in 1984 to 110 laser entries in 2009. In August 2009 the lake was witness to the [[monsoon]] regatta in which sailors from all over India participated. Different classes of [[sailboat]]s and [[yachts]] were raced including four [[J/24|J24]], eighteen [[Hobie Cat]] and Forty-seven [[Optimist (dinghy)]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/08/20/stories/2009082050140300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629015125/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/08/20/stories/2009082050140300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=29 June 2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=Smooth sailing on murky waters | date=20 August 2009}}</ref>

The Yacht Club of Hyderabad located at Sanjeevaiah Park started in 2009 and instituted the Monsoon Regatta the same year. The club started with just three boats now boast of more than 45 on its premises including Lasers, Optimists, Omegas, Kayaks, and many safety and rescue vessels. The club trains youngsters to compete at the national level.

===Statues of Icons in Tank Bund, Hyderabad===
[[File:Boating Ghat.jpg|200px|thumb|Boating Ghat near Hussain Sagar]]
34 well-sculptured bronze statues, mounted on high platforms, of people who played iconic role in the development of Hyderabad and Telugu culture along the Tank Bund road. The following 34 personalities are commemorated in the order of appearance from Secunderabad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Glory restored, The statues of Telugu icons at Tank Bund get makeover|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/glory-restored-statues-of-telugu-icons-at-tank-bund-get-makeover/articleshow/58337643.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>

*'''[[Komaram Bheem]]''' Tribal leader from [[Telangana]] who openly fought against [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] with slogan ''Jal, jungal, zameen''
*'''[[Rudrama Devi]]''' The 13th century Queen of the [[Kakatiya Dynasty]] which ruled over most parts of present-day [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]
*'''[[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI]]''' 6th Nizam of the [[Asaf Jahi Dynasty]]
*'''[[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]''' First [[Vice President of India]] and second [[President of India]]
*'''[[Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy|CR Reddy]]''' Educationist, political thinker, essayist, poet and literary critic
*'''[[Gurajada Apparao]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] playwright, dramatist, poet, writer and humanist
*'''[[Ballari Raghava]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] playwright, thespian and film actor
*'''[[Alluri Sita Rama Raju]]''' Indian Telugu revolutionary who fought against the [[British raj]]
*'''[[Sir Arthur Cotton]]''' British irrigation engineer instrumental in building the [[Prakasam Barrage]], the [[Dowleswaram Barrage]] and the [[Kurnool Cuddappah Canal]] (K. C. Canal)
*'''[[Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdary]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] lawyer, poet, playwright, reformer, rationalist and humanist
*'''[[Pingali Venkayya]]''' Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the [[Indian national flag]] was based
*'''[[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]]''' [[Social reformer]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] writer
*'''[[Makhdoom Mohiuddin]]''' [[Urdu poet]], Marxist political activist and a forerunner of [[Telangana Rebellion]] against the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
*'''[[Suravaram Pratapareddy]]''' Social historian from [[Telangana]]
*'''[[Gurram Jashuva]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet and [[Dalit]] activist
* '''[[Mutnuri Krishna Rao]]''' Indian freedom fighter, editor, scholar and literary critic
* '''[[Srirangam Srinivasa Rao|Sri Sri]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet and lyricist
* '''[[Raghupathi Venkataratnam Naidu]]''' Indian [[social reformer]]
*'''[[Thyagaraja]]''' Renowned composer of [[Carnatic music]]
*'''[[Bhadrachala Ramadasu|Ramadasu]]''' 17th-century Indian devotee of [[Lord Rama]] and a composer of [[Carnatic music]]
*'''[[Sri Krishnadevaraya]]''' The Emperor of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] who reigned from 1509 to 1529
* '''[[Kshetrayya]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet and composer of [[Carnatic music]]
*'''[[Potuluri Virabrahmendra Swami]]''' [[Hindu]] saint, who lived in [[Andhra Pradesh]]
*'''[[Palanati Brahmanaidu|Bramha Naidu]]''' Minister in a Medieval [[Andhra Ikshvaku|Andhra]] kingdom of [[Palnadu]]
*'''[[Molla (poet)|Molla]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet who authored the [[Telugu-language]] [[Ramayana]]
*'''[[Tana Shah]]''' Last ruler of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
*'''[[Siddhendra Yogi]]''' Inventor of Modern form of Classical dance [[Kuchipudi]]
*'''[[Yogi Vemana]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet and philosopher
*'''[[Potana]]''' [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet best known for his translation of the [[Bhagavata Purana]] from [[Sanskrit]] to [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*'''[[Annamacharya]]''' 15th-century [[Hindu]] saint and the earliest known Indian musician to compose songs called sankirtanas in praise of the [[Lord Venkateswara]], a form of [[Vishnu]]
* '''[[Yerrapragada]]''' Medieval [[Telugu language|Telugu]] poet
*'''[[Tikkana]]''' Second poet of the "Trinity of Poets ([[Kavi Trayam]])" who translated [[Mahabharata]] into [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
*'''[[Nannayya]]''' Telugu poet and the first in Trinity of poets (Kavitrayam), who authored [[Andhra mahabharatam|Andhra Mahabharatam]], a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] retelling of the [[Mahabharata]].
*'''[[Gautamiputra Satakarni|Gautamiputra Satakarni (Shalivahanudu)]]''' Ruler of the [[Satavahana Empire]] in present-day [[Deccan]] region of India

==Transport==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| width = 180
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = NecklaceRoad.jpg
| caption1 = Necklace Road MMTS Station
| image2 =
| caption2 = Necklace road
}}
Hussain Sagar is near to Lakdi-Ka-Pul, Khairatabad and Assembly [[Hyderabad metro]] stations. Hussain Sagar is also serviced by [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS Train stations]] at [[Necklace Road]], [[James Street railway station, Hyderabad|James Street]] and [[Sanjeevaiah Park]]. Necklace Road runs along the lake and connects important locations on its banks.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}
[[File:Hussainsagar Lake Wetland Eco Region 03.JPG|thumb|Hussainsagar Lake Wetland Eco Region]]

The Hussain Sagar Jn was a two platform railway station earlier but was dismantled in the mid-1980s. It is now a Railway controlling cabin with three routes diverging towards Hyderabad, Secunderabad, and Begumpet.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

== Suicides ==
{{Update section|date=May 2021}}The lake has become a [[List of suicide sites|suicide spot]], with 146+ deaths and 510+ suicide attempts between 2013 and 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lasania|first=Yunus Y.|date=2016-08-07|title=Hussainsagar, for many the lake of lost hope|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Hussainsagar-for-many-the-lake-of-lost-hope/article14555382.ece|access-date=2020-06-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> A lack of a proper rescue team, and a low fence barrier<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Naveen|date=2018-02-27|title=Hyderabad: Sagar’s low fence to blame for suicides|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/270218/hyderabad-sagars-low-fence-to-blame-for-suicides.html|access-date=2020-06-13|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> has resulted in the high number of deaths.

==International recognition==

'''Heart of the world by UNWTO''' 
Hussain Sagar, a heritage site of India was declared as the 'Heart of the World' by UNWTO on 27 September 2012, on the occasion of World Tourism Day, for being the World's Largest Heart-Shaped Mark, the World's Heritage Heart-Shaped Mark, and the World's Wonderful Heart-Shaped Mark on the face of the earth among the heart-shaped marks formed by the heart-shaped
lakes and islands that exist in the world. Logo for the 'Heart of the World' was inaugurated by H.E. Mr. Taleb Rifai, Secretary-General, United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), Madrid-Spain, in the year 2013.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news| url=http://wtd.unwto.org/event/declaration-heart-world-world-tourism-day-2012-unwto | title= DECLARATION OF HEART OF THE WORLD ON WORLD TOURISM DAY 2012 - UNWTO| work=UNWTO}}</ref>

'''World's Largest Heart-Shaped Mark''' 
Hussain Sagar lake is the largest heart-shaped mark among the marks formed by 78 heart-shaped lakes and 9 heart-shaped islands on the face of the earth.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

'''UNESCO world Heritage site tentative list''' 
Hussain lake is one of the Qutub Shahi monuments of Hyderabad-Telangana, out of which Golconda Fort, Qutub Shahi Tombs, and Charminar were already placed in the tentative list of World Heritage Sites of UNESCO.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

'''World's Wonderful Heart-Shaped Mark''' 
This lake has many outstanding universal values of love around it in addition to its heart shape, the symbol of love, which explores the wonder of love in the world.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} King built the lake for his people's drinking & irrigation purpose out of his love towards his people.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} King Ibrahim named the lake after Hazrath Hussain Shawali (Sufi saint, medical practitioner and architect of the lake) as a sign of gratitude for Hussain's treatment that was given to the king during his sickness and made him recover from the sickness.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Many historical monuments were placed on the bank.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

==Environmental conditions and conservation==
{{Update section|date=May 2021}}Hussain Sagar Lake forms an important part of Hyderabad but now has become the main sewage collection zone of the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. As a result of heavy [[human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] pressures such as unplanned urbanization, the entire ecosystem of Hussain Sagar Lake has changed. The water quality has deteriorated considerably during the last three decades. The lake has become shallow due to [[siltation]] and accumulation of plant debris. A 2008 study of the lake's water and sediment has found that it has exceeded its [[eutrophic]] condition, reaching hypereutrophic status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/data/ilec/wlc12/B%20-%20Water%20Quality/B-30.pdf |title=Water and sediment analysis of Hussain Sagar Lake, Hyderabad |vauthors=Suneela M, Radha Krishna G, Vamsi Krishna K, Manga Sai V, Bhargav V, et al |veditors=Sangupta M, Dalwani R |year=2008 |work=World Lake Database |publisher=[[Environmental Protection Training and Research Institute]] |access-date=22 December 2012}}</ref> Many undesirable changes in the structure of biological communities have resulted, and some important species have either declined or completely disappeared. Realizing the importance of conservation of Hussain Sagar Lake, a project has been formulated. This project shall be implemented by [[Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board|APPCB]], [[Hyderabad, India]]. In this respect, a project feasibility report has been prepared for approval and financing. In spite of the commission of a [[sewage treatment plant]] on the western side, a large amount of untreated sewage and industrial effluents continue to flow into the lake.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

{{Hyderabad topics}}
{{Hydrography of Telangana}}

[[Category:Lakes of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Colossal statues in India]]
[[Category:Artificial lakes of India]]

Hussain Sagar - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 00:38, 14 August 2023