CleanupBot II at 01:23, 14 August 2023

2023-08-14T01:23:57Z

New page

{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = INSAT-1D (Full name: Indian National Satellite - 1D)
| image = Insat-1B.jpg
| image_caption =

| mission_type = [[Communications satellite|Communications]], Cloud Observation
| operator = [[INSAT]]
| COSPAR_ID = 1990-051A
| SATCAT = 20643
| mission_duration = 7 years

| spacecraft_type = [[INSAT]]-1
| manufacturer = [[Ford Aerospace]]
| launch_mass = {{convert|1190|kg|lb}} (Lift - off Mass)<ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru">{{cite web |url=http://www.isac.gov.in/communication/html/insat-1d.jsp |title=ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru - SALIENT FEATURES OF INSAT-1D }}</ref>
| dry_mass = {{convert|550|kg|lb}}<ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" />
| power = 1000 W (Solar array);<ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" /> Nominal Power: 1200.0 W <ref name="COSPAR ID: 1990-051A" />

| launch_date = June 12, 1990, 05:52:00 UTC <ref name="Launch Date">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/insat-1d.aspx |title=Archived ISRO Website |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017225548/http://www.isro.org/satellites/insat-1d.aspx |archive-date=2014-10-17 }}</ref><ref name="launchlog">{{cite web |url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |title=Launch Log |first=Jonathan |last=McDowell |work=Jonathan's Space Page |access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref>
| launch_rocket = [[Delta (rocket family)|Delta 4925]]<ref name="Department of Space Indian Space Research Organization">{{cite web |url=http://dos.gov.in/hi/node/235 |title=Department of Space Indian Space Research Organization - INSAT-1D |work=dos.gov.in |date=12 June 1990 }}</ref>
| launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral]] [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17|LC-17B]]
| launch_contractor = [[NASA]]
| deployment_date = {{start-date||timezone=yes}} UTC
| entered_service =

| disposal_type = Decommissioned (mission life over)<ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" />
| deactivated = {{end-date|14 May 2002}}

| orbit_epoch = 14 November 2013, 15:52:38 UTC<ref name="n2yo">{{cite web |url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=14318 |title=INSAT 1B Satellite details 1983-089B NORAD 14318 |work=N2YO |date=14 November 2013 |access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35741|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35846|km|mi}}
| orbit_inclination = 14.30 degrees<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_semimajor = {{convert|42164.88|km|mi}}
| orbit_eccentricity = 0.0012393
| orbit_period = 23.93 hours
| orbit_longitude = 83° east <ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" />
| apsis = gee
}}

'''INSAT-1D''' was 4th and the concluding multipurpose [[Geostationary orbit|geostationary]] satellite of the INSAT-1 (first-generation seven-year responsibility for the operation of the INSAT space segment.<ref name="directory.eoportal">{{cite web |url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/insat-2 |title=INSAT-2 |work=eoPortal }}</ref>

But the success of this launch meant a lot to [[India]] - a country that was setting up its national computer networks. Relying on a lot of communication circuits, microwave, coaxial, and fibre-optic telecommunication links throughout the country causes a huge problem; and thus the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) planned at the start of the INSAT-1 series to always have at least two satellites in space to meet the increasing demand of telecommunication links for India's civilian community. [[INSAT-1A]] and [[INSAT-1C]] had already faced immature death and their plans had suffered a serious setback. Another satellite [[INSAT-1B]], launched in 1983, exceeded its planned seven-year working life.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/insat-id-satellite-to-improve-vital-communication-links/1/315332.html |title=Filling a crucial gap; The satellite will improve vital communication links. |work=Amarnath K. Mknon, [[India Today]] |date=July 15, 1990 }}</ref>

==Launch==
INSAT 1D was built by [[Ford Aerospace]] (now Loral Inc) for the [[Indian National Satellite System]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-1a.htm |title=Insat 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D |first=Gunter |last=Krebs |work=Gunter's Space Page |access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> Initially, the launch was scheduled for 29 June 1989. Unfortunately, 10 days before that, during launch preparation, a launchpad hoist cable broke and a crane hook fell on it damaging its C-band reflector. The fully insured satellite was repaired by Ford Aerospace at a reported cost of $10 million. But that mishap was followed by solar panel damage of cost $150,000 suffered during the [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake|1989 San Francisco earthquake]]. The satellite was finally launched from [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 17 -b|Launch Complex 17B]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]], [[United States]] with the [[Delta II|Delta 2]] rocket. It had a 7-year life expectancy.<ref name="COSPAR ID: 1990-051A">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-051A |title=NASA-INSAT 1D (NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1990-051A) |work=NASA }}</ref>

==Structure==
The satellite was box-shaped, measuring {{convert|2.18|xx|1.55|xx|1.42|m|ft}}.<ref name="COSPAR ID: 1990-051A" /><ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" /> A [[solar sail]] and {{convert|11.5|m2|adj=on}} solar panel extended overall length to {{convert|19.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} when deployed. It was housed 12 C-band transponders for telephone and data communications and two S-band transponders for direct broadcast service. A very high-resolution radiometer (VHRR) was installed for meteorological imagery for long-term weather forecasting, storm warning and resource management.<ref name=" ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru" />

INSAT-1D played a vital role in replacing INSAT-1B. Moreover, at that moment India already had hired Arabsat's 12 transponders at high cost (the rate of $800,000 per transponder per year). Failure of the 1D mission would compel the government to hire more transponders.<ref name="indiatoday" />

==See also==

*[[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
*[[INSAT-1A]]
*[[INSAT-1B]]
*[[INSAT-1C]]
*[[1990 in spaceflight]]
*[[List of Indian satellites]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Second-generation the Second-generation the External links==
* [http://www.isac.gov.in/communication/html/insat-1d.jsp ISRO Satellite Centre, Bengaluru - SALIENT FEATURES OF INSAT-1D]
* [http://dos.gov.in/hi/node/235 ISRO - INSAT-!D]
* [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-051A NASA Space Science Data Coordinate Archive]

{{INSAT Satellites}}
{{Indian space programme}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1990}}

[[Category:INSAT satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 in India]]

INSAT-1D - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 01:23, 14 August 2023