Raj kumar at 10:58, 24 November 2025

2025-11-24T10:58:18Z

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{{Short description|Indian geostationary communications satellite}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = INSAT-2D
| image =
| image_caption =
| mission_type = Multipurpose communication
| operator = [[INSAT]]
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| website =
| mission_duration = 7 Years
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| launch_mass = {{convert|2079|kg|abbr=on}}
| dry_mass = {{convert|995|kg|abbr=on}}
| power = 1650 [[watt]]s
| launch_date = 4 June 1997
| launch_rocket = Ariane-4
| launch_site = French Guiana
| entered_service =
| disposal_type =
| deactivated = 4 Oct, 1997
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]]
| orbit_longitude = 93.5 Degree East
| orbit_slot =
| orbit_periapsis =
| orbit_apoapsis =
| orbit_inclination =
| orbit_period =
| orbit_epoch =
| apsis =
| trans_band =
| trans_frequency =
| trans_bandwidth =
| trans_capacity =
| trans_coverage =
| trans_TWTA =
| trans_EIRP =
| trans_HPBW =
| programme = [[Indian National Satellite System|INSAT]]
| previous_mission = [[INSAT-2C]]
| next_mission = [[INSAT-2DT]]
}}

'''INSAT-2D''' was an Indian [[communications satellite]]. Launched on 4 June 1997, and similar to [[INSAT-2C]], INSAT-2D went out of order on October 4, 1997, because of a power inconsistency problem and was later replaced by [[INSAT-2DT]], an in-orbit satellite which was previously known as ARABSAT-1C. The main aim of the satellite was improved communication.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=INSAT-2D - ISRO|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/insat-2d|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200518/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/insat-2d|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=INSAT-2D|url=https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/index.php/insat-2d|access-date=2021-06-18|website=www.vssc.gov.in|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201825/https://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC/index.php/insat-2d|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the INSAT-2 ([[Indian National Satellite System]]) series, INSAT-2D was the fourth consecutive communication satellite. The satellite was launched using an [[Ariane 4]] rocket from [[French Guiana]].<ref name=":0" />

The satellite was placed into [[geostationary orbit]] at an inclination of 93.5 degrees east.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Welcome To ISRO :: Satellites :: Geo-Stationary Satellite :: INSAT-2D|url=http://resource.itschool.gov.in/physics-web/isro/www.isro.org/satellites/insat-2d.html|access-date=2021-06-18|website=resource.itschool.gov.in}}</ref> INSAT-2D's lift-off mass was {{convert|2079|kg|abbr=on}} with [[propellant]]s of which {{convert|995|kg|abbr=on}} were the dry weight.<ref name=":1" /> The satellite was expected to have a nominal lifespan of around 7–9 years.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Insat 2C, 2D|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-2c.htm|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> But it became inoperable just four months later on 4 October 1997, due to a power bus anomaly and associated problems, most likely a short circuit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INSAT-2D |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/INSAT_2D.html?timeline=timeline#:~:text=INSAT-2D%20Home%20/%20Activities%20/,Orbit |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> The onboard power of the satellite was estimated to be 1,650 watts.<ref name=":1" />

[[File:BepiColombo NBO 2020-04-10.webm|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Insat-2D, imaged at [[Northolt Branch Observatories]], satellite can be seen as a bright spot passing by fast. [[BepiColombo]] satellite of [[JAXA]] can also be seen as a dot moving slowly across the screen.]]

Its communication payload consisted of 16C-band [[transponder]]s (extended C-band, for [[fixed-satellite service]]), two high-power C-band transponders (for [[broadcasting-satellite service]], BSS), one S-band transponder (for BSS), one C/S-band mobile communication transponder, and three [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub>-band]] transponders.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

==References==
<references />

{{INSAT Satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1997}}

[[Category:INSAT satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1997]]
[[Category:1997 in India]]
[[Category:1997 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth]]

INSAT-2D - Revision history

Raj kumar at 10:58, 24 November 2025