CleanupBot II at 01:25, 14 August 2023

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = INSAT-4CR
| image =
| image_caption =

| mission_type = [[Communications satellite|Communications]]
| operator = [[INSAT]]
| website = http://www.isro.org/satellites/insat-4cr.aspx
| COSPAR_ID = 2007-037A
| SATCAT = 32050
| mission_duration = Planned: 12 years Achieved: {{time interval|2 September 2007|24 November 2020|show=ymd|sep=,}}

| spacecraft_bus = [[I-2K]]
| manufacturer = [[ISRO]]
| dry_mass =
| launch_mass = {{convert|2168|kg}}
| power = 3000 W

| launch_date = {{start-date|2 September 2007, 12:51|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV Mk.I]] F04
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|SLP]]
| launch_contractor =
| entered_service =

| disposal_type = Moved to a graveyard orbit
| deactivated = {{end-date|24 November 2020}}

| orbit_epoch = 14 September 2007<ref name="satcat">{{cite web |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |title=SATCAT |url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt |publisher=Jonathan's Space Pages |access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35026|km}}<ref name="satcat"/>
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|36235|km}}<ref name="satcat"/>
| orbit_inclination = 0.15 degrees<ref name="satcat"/>
| orbit_period = 1,428.12 minutes<ref name="satcat"/>
| orbit_longitude = 48°E (10 Feb 2017 to 24 Nov 2020) 74°E (till 12 Jan 2017)
| orbit_slot =
| apsis = gee

| trans_band = 12 [[Ku band]]
| trans_frequency =
| trans_bandwidth =
| trans_capacity =
| trans_coverage = [[India]]
| trans_TWTA = 140 watts
| trans_EIRP = 51.5 decibel-watts
| trans_HPBW =
}}
'''INSAT-4CR''' was a [[communications satellite]] operated by [[ISRO]] as part of the [[Indian National Satellite System]]. Launched in September 2007, it replaced the [[INSAT-4C]] satellite which had been lost in a launch failure the previous year. The satellite was initially stationed in [[geostationary orbit]] at a longitude of 74 degrees east, with expected operational life of at least ten years, however this may have been reduced by the underperformance of the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] which placed it into orbit. INSAT-4CR is planned to be replaced by [[GSAT-31]], which was launched on February 6, 2019.

==Spacecraft==
INSAT-4CR was constructed by ISRO, and is based around the [[I-2K]] [[satellite bus]].<ref name="GSP">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-4c.htm|title=Insat 4C, 4CR|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=29 November 2011}}</ref> A {{convert|2168|kg|adj=on}} spacecraft, it is equipped with twelve [[Ku band|Ku band]] transponders operating at a frequency of 36 MHz, with 140 Watt [[travelling wave tube]] amplifiers. The satellite has an [[effective isotropic radiated power]] of 51.5 dBW. An additional Ku band signal is used as a beacon for tracking.

INSAT-4CR operated in a geostationary orbit at a longitudes of 74° East and 48° East, providing communications to [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/sat_insat_4cr.html|title=INSAT 4CR|publisher=The Satellite Encyclopedia|access-date=29 November 2011}}</ref> Broadcasting capacity on INSAT-4CR was allocated to [[Airtel Digital TV]] and [[Sun Direct DTH]]. At launch, the satellite was carrying {{convert|1218|kg}} of fuel,<ref name="GSP"/> for raising itself into geostationary orbit, and subsequently operating there for a planned twelve years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/insat-4cr.aspx|title=INSAT-4CR|publisher=ISRO|access-date=29 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818170436/http://isro.org/satellites/insat-4cr.aspx|archive-date=18 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Increased expenditure of fuel reaching geostationary orbit, due to launch underperformance, may have resulted in a loss of up to five years of operational life.<ref name="disappearance"/>

==Launch==
INSAT-4CR was launched on 2 September 2007 by the fifth flight of the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]], GSLV-F04. The launch occurred at 12:51 UTC on 2 September 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=29 November 2011}}</ref> The third stage of the carrier rocket underperformed, resulting in the satellite being placed into a lower than planned orbit.

As a result of the underperformance during its launch, INSAT-4CR had to expend maneuvering and station keeping propellant to raise its orbit by more than had originally been planned. It was subsequently reported by Indian news agencies that ISRO had lost track of the satellite's orbit, and could not locate the spacecraft until [[NASA]] identified it several days later, however, ISRO denied these claims.<ref name="disappearance">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_isro-satellite-disappears-loses-five-years-of-life_1139429|title=Isro satellite ‘disappears’, loses five years of life|first=Arun|last=Ram|publisher=DNA|date=15 December 2007|access-date=29 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="isro_4crlost">{{cite web|title=ISRO refutes INSAT-4CR `disappearance' story|publisher=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/bangalore/ISRO-refutes-INSAT-vanishing-story/Article1-263347.aspx|access-date=29 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605123218/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/bangalore/ISRO-refutes-INSAT-vanishing-story/Article1-263347.aspx|archive-date=5 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As a result of these failures, the operational lifetime of the satellite was reportedly decreased by up to five years.

== End of life and replacement ==
Towards the end of its service life INSAT-4CR was relocated from 74°E<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historical satellite position data for INSAT-4CR for the month of January 2017|url=https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?32050?archive/2017/January/2017_January_|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321165824/https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?32050?archive/2017/January/2017_January_|archive-date=21 March 2021|access-date=2021-03-21|website=www.satellite-calculations.com}}</ref> to 48°E slot on 10 February 2017<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historical satellite position data for INSAT-4CR for the month of February 2017|url=https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?32050?archive/2017/February/2017_February_|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321170222/https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?32050?archive/2017/February/2017_February_|archive-date=2021-03-21|access-date=2021-03-21|website=www.satellite-calculations.com}}</ref> where it stayed till being retired and placed into [[graveyard orbit]] on 24 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historical satellite position data for INSAT-4CR for the month of November 2020|url=https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?32050?archive/2020/November/2020_November_|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321171026/https://www.satellite-calculations.com/Satellite/getpositionhistory.php?32050?archive/2020/November/2020_November_|archive-date=2021-03-21|access-date=2021-03-21|website=www.satellite-calculations.com}}</ref> Services of INSAT-4CR were handed over to [[GSAT-31]].

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{INSAT Satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2007}}

[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2007]]
[[Category:Partial satellite launch failures]]
[[Category:INSAT satellites]]
[[Category:2007 in India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by GSLV rockets]]

INSAT-4CR - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 01:25, 14 August 2023