CleanupBot II at 01:31, 14 August 2023

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox spaceflight|auto=all
| name = IRNSS-1A
| image =
| image_caption =

| mission_type = [[Satellite navigation|Navigation]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 2013-034A
| SATCAT = 39199
| mission_duration = 10 years

| spacecraft_bus = [[I-1K]]
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre|ISRO Satellite Centre]]<br/>[[Space Applications Centre]]
| dry_mass = {{convert|614|kg|lb}}<ref name=n2yo/>
| launch_mass = {{convert|1425|kg|lb}}
| power = 1,660 watts

| launch_date = {{start-date|1 July 2013, 18:11 UTC|timezone=yes}}
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV-XL]] C22
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|FLP]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]

| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| last_contact =
| decay_date =

| orbit_epoch = 22 January 2015, 16:27:41 UTC<ref name="n2yo">{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=39199|title=IRNSS-1A Satellite details 2013-034A NORAD 39199|publisher=N2YO|date=22 January 2015|access-date=25 January 2015}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Geosynchronous orbit|Geosynchronous]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35,706.1|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35,882.7|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_inclination = 29.3°<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_period = 1436.1 minutes<ref name="n2yo"/>
| orbit_longitude = 55° E
| apsis = gee
}}

'''IRNSS-1A''' is the first navigational [[satellite]] in the [[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System|Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)]] series of satellites been placed in [[geosynchronous orbit]].<ref name="n2yo"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irnss.htm |title=IRNSS |publisher=space.skyrocket.de |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref>

==Satellite==
The satellite has been developed at a cost of {{INRConvert|1.25|b|0}},<ref name=dnai2j13>{{cite news|title=India's first ever dedicated navigation satellite launched|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/1855830/report-india-s-first-ever-dedicated-navigation-satellite-launched|access-date=24 July 2013|newspaper=DNA India|date=2 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=ndtv2j13>{{cite news|title=India's first dedicated navigation satellite placed in orbit|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-s-first-dedicated-navigation-satellite-placed-in-orbit-386649|access-date=24 July 2013|newspaper=NDTV|date=2 July 2013}}</ref> and was launched on 1 July 2013. It will provide [[IRNSS]] services to the Indian public, which would be a system similar to [[Global Positioning System|Global Positioning System (GPS)]] but only for India and the region around it.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.satlaunch.net/p/launch-schedule-2013.html | title=Planned Satellite Launches in 2013 | publisher=satlaunch.net | date=19 March 2013 | access-date=20 March 2013}}</ref>

Each IRNSS satellite has two payloads: a navigation payload and CDMA ranging payload in addition with a laser retro-reflector. The payload generates navigation signals at L5 and S-band. The design of the payload makes the IRNSS system inter-operable and compatible with GPS and Galileo.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/irnss.htm | title=IRNSS | publisher=space.skyrocket.de | access-date=20 March 2013}}</ref> The satellite is powered by two solar arrays, which generate power up to 1,660 watts, and has a lifetime of ten years.<ref name="n2yo"/>

==Launch==
The satellite was launched from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)]] on 1 July 2013 at 11:41 PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-launches-its-first-navigation-satellite/articleshow/20866282.cms? | title=India launches its first navigation satellite | access-date=1 July 2013 | work=The Times of India}}</ref> The launch was postponed from its initial launch date of 26 June 2013 due to a technical snag in the 2nd stage of the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle#PSLV flight C22|PSLV-C22]] launch rocket.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Technical-snag-puts-off-satellite-launch/2013/06/02/article1616162.ece | title=Technical snag puts off satellite launch: ISRO | work=SGP | access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> [[ISRO]] then replaced the faulty component in the rocket and rescheduled the launch to 1 July 2013 at 11:43 p.m.<ref name=isroms>{{cite web|title=PSLV-C22/IRNSS-1A Mission Status|url=http://www.isro.org/pslv-c22/c22-status.aspx|publisher=ISRO|access-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629045551/http://www.isro.org/pslv-c22/c22-status.aspx|archive-date=29 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-navigation-satellite-set-to-fly-on-july-1/article4812295.ece | title=Indian equivalent of the GPS satellite | work=[[The Hindu]] | author=S Giri Prasad | access-date=14 June 2013 | location=Chennai, India | date=14 June 2013}}</ref>

Scientists from the [[German Aerospace Centre|German Aerospace Centre (DLR)]]'s Institute of Communications and Navigation in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, have received signals from IRNSS-1A. On 23 July 2013, the German Aerospace Center scientists pointed their 30-meter dish antenna at Weilheim towards the satellite and found that it was already transmitting a signal in the L5 frequency band.<ref name=gpsw25j13>{{cite news|title=Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions|url=http://www.gpsworld.com/indian-regional-gnss-satellite-starts-signal-transmissions/|access-date=28 July 2013|newspaper=GPS World|date=25 July 2013}}</ref>

== Partial Failure ==
The three Rubidium [[atomic clock]]s on-board IRNSS-1A failed, with the first failure occurring in July 2016. ISRO planned to replace it with [[IRNSS-1H]], in August 2017, but this failed to separate from the launch vehicle, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Atomic-clocks-on-indigenous-navigation-satellite-develop-snag/article17114134.ece|title=Atomic clocks on indigenous navigation satellite develop snag|last=D.S.|first=Madhumathi|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Questions/QResult15.aspx?qref=47205&lsno=16|title=Questions: Loksabha- Q.No. 1112 Answered on: 08.02.2017}}</ref> but on 12 April 2018, ISRO launched successfully [[IRNSS-1I]] as a replacement for IRNSS-1A.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c41-irnss-1i|title=PSLV-C41/IRNSS-1I Mission}}</ref>

The cause of failure was traced to one of the feed through capacitor carrying the DC supply to the physics package of clock, malfunctioning due to excessive rise in temperature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180733|title=Launching of Replacement Navigation Satellite|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-07-19}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Communication-Centric Intelligence Satellite (CCI-Sat)]]
* [[GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation|GPS-aided geo-augmented navigation (GAGAN)]]
* [[Satellite navigation]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.isro.org/scripts/futureprogramme.aspx ISRO Future Programmes]

{{IRNSS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2013}}

[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2013]]
[[Category:2013 in India]]
[[Category:IRNSS satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets]]

IRNSS-1A - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 01:31, 14 August 2023