Thefacecentre at 19:20, 9 December 2025

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{{Short description|Indian Earth observation satellite}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = IRS-1C
| names_list = Indian Remote Sensing satellite-1C
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID = 1995-072A
| SATCAT = 23751
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 3 years (planned)<br/>10 years (achieved)

| spacecraft = IRS-1C
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus = [[IRS-1A]]
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|1250|kg}}
| dry_mass = {{cvt|1150|kg}}
| dimensions = 1.93 m x 1.70 m x 1.65 m
| power = 809 [[watt]]s

| launch_date = 28 December 1995<br/>06:45:18 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[Molniya-M]] (s/n V15000-040)
| launch_site = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31|Site 31]]
| launch_contractor = [[Progress Rocket Space Centre|TsSKB]]

| entered_service = First week of January 1996<ref name="Argentina"/>
| disposal_type =
| deactivated = 21 September 2005<ref name="WMO"/>
| last_contact =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="Trajectory">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1995-072A|title=Trajectory: IRS-1C 1995-072A |publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| orbit_regime = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|816|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|818|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.69°
| orbit_period = 101.2 minutes
| apsis = gee

| instruments = Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-3 (LISS-3)<br/>Panchromatic Camera (PAN)<br/>Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS)

| programme = [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme]]
| previous_mission = [[IRS-P2]]
| next_mission = [[IRS-P3]]
}}

'''IRS-1C''' was the fifth remote sensing Indian satellite built, and designed by [[Indian Space Research Organization]] (ISRO). IRS-1C is first second-generation operational Remote Sensing Satellite. The satellite carries payloads with enhanced capabilities like better [[spatial resolution]] additional [[spectral bands]], improved repeatability and augment the [[Remote sensing|remote sensing capability]] of the existing [[IRS-1A]] and [[IRS-1B]].

== Objective ==
The primary objective of IRS-1C was to provide systematic and repetitive acquisition of data of the [[Earth]]'s surface under nearly constant illumination conditions.<ref name="Argentina">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/catedras/geofoto/geo_html/informacion/pdf/Euroimage/irs.pdf|title=IRS-1C / 1D|publisher=National University of Argentina - Eurimage|access-date=13 May 2021|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207183906/https://www.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar/catedras/geofoto/geo_html/informacion/pdf/Euroimage/irs.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Satellite ==
IRS-1C was the fifth of the Indian natural resource imaging satellites and was launched by a [[Molniya-M]] [[launch vehicle]] from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]. The {{cvt|1250|kg}} satellite carried three instruments. Images from regions other than [[India]] will be downlinked and distributed through a commercial entity in the [[United States]]. IRS-1C used [[S band|S-band]] for broadcasting and [[X band|X-band]] for uplinking of data. The satellite was equipped with onboard tape recorder with storage capacity of 62 [[Gigabit]]s.

== Instruments ==
IRS-1C was equipped with three instruments:
* Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-3 (LISS-3) of {{cvt|23.5|m}} resolution in ([[Visible spectrum|VIS]] / [[Infrared|NIR]], {{cvt|70.5|m}} resolution in [[Infrared|short-wave infrared]] (SWIR), for high-resolution land and vegetation observation
* Panchromatic Camera (PAN) of {{cvt|5.8|m}} resolution, for very-high-resolution land imagery
* Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS) of {{cvt|190|m}} resolution, for land and vegetation observation<ref name="Display">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1995-072A |title=Display: IRS-1C 1995-072|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Mission ==
The images was marketed through a private company in the [[United States]].<ref name="Display"/> The data transmitted from the satellite was gathered from [[National Remote Sensing Centre]], [[Hyderabad]] and [[Earth observation satellite|EOSAT]], a partnership of [[Hughes Aircraft Company|Hughes Aircraft]] and [[RCA Corporation|RCA]].<ref name="FAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/spp/guide/india/earth/irs.htm|title=IRS (Indian Remote Sensing Programme)|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|access-date=March 8, 2013}}</ref>

IRS-1C completed its services on 21 September 2005 after serving for 10 years.<ref name="WMO">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/irs_1c|title=Satellite: IRS-1C|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=28 July 2015|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Indian Remote Sensing]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125200120/http://isro.org/satellites/irs-1c.aspx ISRO IRS-1C link]

{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1995}}

[[Category:Earth observation satellites of India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1995]]
[[Category:1995 in India]]

IRS-1C - Revision history

Thefacecentre at 19:20, 9 December 2025