Ajay Kumar at 07:50, 2 September 2023

2023-09-02T07:50:41Z

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{{Short description|Indian Earth observation satellite}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = IRS-1D
| names_list = Indian Remote Sensing satellite-1D
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID = 1997-057A
| SATCAT = 24971
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 3 years (planned)<br/>12 years (achieved)

| spacecraft = IRS-1D
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus = [[IRS-1A]]
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|1250|kg}}
| dry_mass = {{cvt|1150|kg}}
| dimensions = 1.65 m x 1.55 m x 2.30 m
| power = 809 [[Watt|watts]]

| launch_date = 29 September 1997, 04:47 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]], [[PSLV-C1]]
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|First Launch Pad (FLP)]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service = December 1997<ref name="WMO"/>
| disposal_type =
| deactivated = 15 January 2010
| last_contact =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="IRS-1D">{{cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irs-1d|title=IRS-1D|publisher=ISRO|date=29 September 1997|access-date=13 May 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202709/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irs-1d|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| orbit_regime = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|740|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|817|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.6°
| orbit_period = 95.9 minutes
| apsis = gee

| instruments = Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-3 (LISS-3)<br/>Panchromatic Camera (PAN)<br/>Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS)

| programme = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation satellites series]]
| previous_mission = [[IRS-P3]]
| next_mission = [[Oceansat-1|OceanSat-1 (IRS-P4)]]
}}

'''IRS-1D''' is the seventh satellite in [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme|Indian Remote Sensing satellite]] series of [[Earth observation satellite|Earth Observation satellites]], built, launched and maintained by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). The satellite has similar capabilities as that of ISRO's [[IRS-1C]] satellite with some improvements added for better imagery particularly in [[thematic map]]ping.<ref name="ISRO">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/irs-1d.aspx|title=IRS-1D|publisher=ISRO|access-date=2013-02-26|archive-date=25 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125195108/http://isro.org/satellites/irs-1d.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Launch ==
The 1250 kg IRS-1D is an Indian [[remote sensing]] [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]er that was launched by the [[PSLV-C1]] ([[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]) launch vehicle from [[Sriharikota]] (in southeast India) at 04:47 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]. The 44.4 metres, four-stage, 494-ton PSLV-1C is now an operational vehicle, after earlier test launches, it is the fourth launch vehicle PSLV. Orbit maneuvers may be planned to raise the perigee.<ref name="Display"/>

Due to a slight under performance of PSLV fourth stage, IRS-1D was injected with a velocity that was 130 m/sec less than the required 7446 m/sec. This minor shortfall in the injection velocity resulted in IRS-1D being injected into a [[polar orbit]] with an [[Apsis|apogee]] of 822 km and a [[Apsis|perigee]] of 301 km instead of the intended 817 km circular orbit. But, ISRO scientists, monitoring and controlling the satellite from [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network]] (ISTRAC) executed meticulously planned orbit manoeuvres to successfully put IRS-1D into a functional Sun-synchronous orbit of 740 km perigee and 817 km apogee.<ref name="SpaceDaily">{{cite web|url=https://www.spacedaily.com/news/india-00j.html|title=IRS-1D Completes Three Years in Orbit|publisher=Space Daily|date=29 October 2000|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>

== Instruments ==
The satellite carried following instruments on board:
* Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-3 (LISS-3) of {{cvt|23.5|m}} resolution in ([[Visible spectrum|VIS]] / [[Infrared|NIR]], {{cvt|70.5|m}} resolution in [[Infrared|short-wave infrared]] (SWIR), for high-resolution land and vegetation observation
* Panchromatic Camera (PAN) of {{cvt|5.8|m}} resolution, for very-high-resolution land imagery
* Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS) of {{cvt|190|m}} resolution, for land and vegetation observation<ref name="Display72">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1995-072A |title=Display: IRS-1C 1995-072|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

An on board tape recorder stores data over unreachable intervals. Sensed data on Indian and foreign terrains will be sold through an American company (after the usual clearance by Indian military).<ref name="Display">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-057A|title=Display: IRS-1D 1997-057A|publisher=NASA|date=27 April 2021|access-date=13 May 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Mission ==
IRS-1D completed its services on 15 January 2010 after serving for 12 years.<ref name="WMO">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/irs_1d|title=Satellite: IRS-1D|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=28 July 2015|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[Indian Remote Sensing]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1997}}

[[Category:Earth observation satellites of India]]
[[Category:Partial satellite launch failures]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1997]]
[[Category:1997 in India]]

IRS-1D - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 07:50, 2 September 2023