Ajay Kumar at 08:52, 3 September 2023

2023-09-03T08:52:57Z

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{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = IRS-1E
| names_list = Indian Remote Sensing satellite-1E<br/>Indian Remote Sensing satellite-P1
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 300px

| mission_type = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID =
| SATCAT =
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 3 years (planned)<br/>[[Failed to orbit]]

| spacecraft = IRS-1E (P1)
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus = [[IRS-1A]]
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|846|kg}}
| dry_mass = {{cvt|766|kg}}
| dimensions = 1.56 m x 1.66 m x 1.10 m
| power = 415 [[watt]]s

| launch_date = 20 September 1993, 05:12 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] ([[PSLV-D1]])
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|First Launch Pad (FLP)]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service = [[Failed to orbit]]
| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| last_contact =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]] (planned) <ref name="WMO"/>
| orbit_regime = [[Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|817|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|817|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.6°
| orbit_period = 103.0 minutes
| apsis = gee

| instruments = Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-1 (LISS-1)<br/>Monocular Electro-Optical Stereo Scanner (MEOSS)

| programme = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation satellites series]]
| previous_mission = [[IRS-1B]]
| next_mission = [[IRS-P2]]
}}

'''IRS-1E''' was an [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]] mission launched under the [[National Natural Resources Management System]] (NNRMS) programme by [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). Sometimes written '''IRS-P1'''. The objective of the mission was to develop [[Earth]] imagery using instruments carried on board. Due to a malfunction of the [[launch vehicle]], the satellite deviated from its path and plunged into the [[Indian Ocean]].

== History ==
IRS-1E was a follow-up mission to the satellite [[IRS-1A]], to develop India's capability in the field of [[remote sensing]]. The satellite was to take up missions in the area of ground-water exploration, land use, forest and flood mapping.<ref name="Weebau">{{cite web|url=http://weebau.com/satellite/I/irs.htm|title=Program: IRS|publisher=Weebau|date=7 October 2005|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> The letter "E" indicates that the satellite was an engineering model. The letter "P" (IRS-P1) in the [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme]] of [[Earth observation satellite]] indicates that the satellite was to be launched aboard a [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV).<ref name="ESA Online">{{cite web|url=https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/3rd-party-missions/historical-missions/irs-p3|title=IRS-P3|publisher=ESA Earth Online|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> It was launched on 20 September 1993.<ref name="ISRO">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/irs-1e.aspx|title=IRS-1E|publisher=ISRO|access-date=March 11, 2013|archive-date=17 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317064753/http://www.isro.org/satellites/irs-1e.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Instruments ==
IRS-1E carried two instruments:<ref name="WMO">{{cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/irs_1a0|title=IRS-1A|publisher=WMO|date=28 July 2015|access-date=12 May 2021}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor-1 (LISS-1)
* MEOSS (Monocular Electro-Optical Stereo Scanner), built by the [[German Aerospace Center]] (DLR), is an experimental sensor with [[Push broom scanner|pushbroom]] [[Charge-coupled device]] (CCD) technology. MEOSS is a stereo camera system capable of recording three images simultaneously with a single lens by means of linear scanning (3-line stereo system).<ref name="ESA">{{cite web |url=https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/i/irs|title=IRS (Indian Remote Sensing Satellites)|publisher=ESA Earth Observation Portal|access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>

== Launch ==
IRS-1E mission was a failure, as the last stage of the [[PSLV-D1]] malfunctioned, so failed to launch the satellite into its desired orbit. The PSLV was first launched on 20 September 1993, at 05:12 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]. The first and second stages performed as expected, but an [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]] problem led to the collision of the second and third stages at separation, and the satellite failed to reach orbit.<ref name="Spacecraft">{{cite web|title=India (Launchers)|url=http://claudelafleur.qc.ca/Indians-launchers.html|publisher=Spacecraft Encyclopedia|access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> After this initial setback, the PSLV successfully completed its second mission in 1994.<ref name="Gunter">{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/pslv_1.htm|title=IRS-1E (IRS-P1)|publisher=Gunter's Space Page |date=7 July 2020|access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme|Indian Remote Sensing]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.isro.org/satellites/irs-1e.aspx ISRO IRS-1E link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317064753/http://www.isro.org/satellites/irs-1e.aspx |date=17 March 2011 }}

{{IRS satellites}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1993}}

[[Category:Earth observation satellites of India]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 in India]]

IRS-1E - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 08:52, 3 September 2023