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{{Infobox U.S. state
| Fullname = State of Illinois
| Flag = Flag of Illinois.svg
| name = Illinois
| Seal = Seal of Illinois.svg
| Flaglink = [[Flag of Illinois|Flag]]
| Nickname = Land of Lincoln, Prairie State
| Motto = ''State Sovereignty, National Union''
| StateAnthem = [[Illinois (state song)|Illinois]]
| Map = Illinois in United States.svg
| OfficialLang = English<ref>{{cite web|title=(5 ILCS 460/20) (from Ch. 1, par. 2901‑20) State Designations Act|url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=132&ChapAct=5%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B460%2F&ChapterID=2&ChapterName=GENERAL+PROVISIONS&ActName=State+Designations+Act%2E|website=Illinois Compiled Statutes|publisher=Illinois General Assembly|location=Springfield, Illinois|date=September 4, 1991|accessdate=April 10, 2009|quote=Sec. 20. Official language. The official language of the State of Illinois is English.}}</ref>
| Languages = English (80.8%) <br />Spanish (14.9%)<br />Other (5.1%)
| Demonym = Illinoisan
| LargestCity = [[Chicago]]
| Capital = [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]]
| LargestMetro = [[Chicago metropolitan area|Greater Chicago]]
| AreaRank = 25th
| TotalAreaUS = 57,914
| TotalArea = 149,997
| WidthUS = 210
| Width = 338
| LengthUS = 390
| Length = 628
| PCWater = 3.99
| Latitude = 36° 58′ N to 42° 30′ N
| Longitude = 87° 30′ W to 91° 31′ W
| PopRank = 6th
| 2010Pop = 12,741,080 (2018)
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $58,321 (2018) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref>
| 2000DensityUS = 232
| 2000Density = 89.4
| DensityRank = 12th
| IncomeRank = 20th
| HighestPoint = [[Charles Mound]]<ref>{{cite ngs|id=NJ0855|designation=Charles|accessdate=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102003514/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=November 2, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref>
| HighestElevUS = 1,235
| HighestElev = 376.4
| MeanElevUS = 600
| MeanElev = 180
| LowestPoint = Confluence of [[Mississippi River]] and [[Ohio River]]<ref name=USGS/><ref name=NAVD88/>
| LowestElev = 85
| LowestElevUS = 280
| Former = Illinois Territory
| AdmittanceDate = December 3, 1818
| AdmittanceOrder = 21st
| Governor = [[J. B. Pritzker]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| Lieutenant Governor = [[Juliana Stratton]] (D)
| Legislature = [[Illinois General Assembly]]
| Upperhouse = [[Illinois Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse = [[Illinois House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
| Senators = [[Dick Durbin]] (D)<br />[[Tammy Duckworth]] (D)
| Representative = 13 Democrats <br /> 5 Republicans
| TimeZone = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] [[Central Standard Time|-6]]/[[Central Daylight Time|-5]]
| ISOCode = US-IL
| postal_code = IL
| TradAbbreviation = Ill.
| Website = www.illinois.gov|Motto
| BorderingStates = [[Indiana]], [[Iowa]], [[Kentucky]], [[Missouri]], [[Wisconsin]]
| LandAreaUS = 55,593
| LandArea = 143,969
| WaterAreaUS = 2,320
| WaterArea = 5,981
| Representatives =
| image_flag = Flag of Illinois.svg
| official_name = State of Illinois
| image_seal = Seal of Illinois.svg
}}
{{Infobox U.S. state symbols
|Name = Illinois
|Flag = Flag of Illinois.svg
|Flagsize = 100px
|Seal = Seal of Illinois.svg
|Sealsize = 100px
|Amphibian = [[Tiger salamander|Eastern tiger salamander]]
|Bird = [[Northern cardinal]]
|Butterfly = [[Monarch (butterfly)|Monarch butterfly]]
|Crustacean =
|Fish = [[Bluegill]]
|Flower = [[Viola (plant)|Violet]]
|Grass = [[Big bluestem]]
|Insect = 
|Mammal = [[White-tailed deer]]
|Reptile = [[Painted turtle]]
|Tree = [[Quercus alba|White oak]]
|Beverage =
|Colors =
|Dance = [[Square dance]]
|Dinosaur =
|Food = [[Apple|Gold Rush Apple]], [[popcorn]]
|Fossil = [[Tullimonstrum gregarium|Tully monster]]
|Gemstone =
|Instrument =
|Mineral = [[Fluorite]]
|Poem =
|Rock =
|Shell =
|Ships =
|Slogan = "Land of Lincoln"
|Soil = [[Loam|Drummer silty clay loam]]
|Sport =
|Tartan =
|Toy =
|Route Marker = Illinois 1.svg
|Quarter = 2003 IL Proof.png
|QuarterReleaseDate = 2003
}}

'''Illinois''' is a [[States of the United States|state]] in the [[United States]]. Its capital is [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]] and its largest city is [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]. It is bordered to the north by [[Wisconsin]], to the west by [[Iowa]] and below that, by [[Missouri]] (both borders are along the [[Mississippi River]]). To the south-east, Illinois is bordered along the [[Ohio River]] by [[Kentucky]] and to the east by [[Indiana]]. Illinois' northeasternmost boundary is to [[Lake Michigan]].

==Politics==

=== Political climate In Illinois today ===
Most of Illinois outside of Chicago (its most populous city) is heavily conservative. In 2016, for example, nearly 40 counties in Illinois gave [[Donald Trump|Trump]] 70% or more of the vote there. However, Chicago makes up over half of the state´s population, and Cook County (in which Chicago is located) gave Trump just 21% of the vote there. Therefore, the governor of Illinois is currently a Democrat, as are both its US Senators and over 70% of its representatives. In 2016, Hillary Clinton won the state by 17%. In 2012, Barack Obama won the state by 17%. In 2008, Obama won the state by over 25%. Illinois has supported only Democratic candidates for president since 1992.

=== Historically voting Republican<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2020-06-11|title=United States presidential elections in Illinois|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois&oldid=962013667|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> ===
Illinois used to vote Republican. In all the presidential elections between 1856 and 1892, it supported the Republican candidate.

=== Former swing state<ref name=":0" /> ===
Illinois was a swing state, but it isn't a swing state anymore. In all the presidential elections in which it has voted, it has supported the winner 82% of the time. Out of the last 5 presidential elections, however, it has supported the winner only 40% of the time.

==History==
The most prominent tribes in Illinois were the Illinois, Miami, Winnebago, Fox and Sacs (Sauk), Kickapoo, and Pottawatomie tribes. The Illinois Native Americans were composed of five subdivisions including Kaskaskias, Cahokias, Tamaroas, Peorias, and Metchigamis.

Illinois became a state on December 3, 1818. Illinois was the first [[state]] to [[ratify]] the [[13th amendment|13th Amendment]] to the [[Constitution]] which helped abolish [[slavery]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interestingstatefacts.com/interesting-facts-about-illinois.php|title=Interesting Facts About Illinois|publisher=Interesting State Facts.com|accessdate=2013-07-22|archive-date=2013-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926204311/http://interestingstatefacts.com/interesting-facts-about-illinois.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Three [[U.S. presidents]] have been elected while living in Illinois: [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Ulysses S. Grant]], and [[Barack Obama]]. Additionally, [[Ronald Reagan]], whose political career was based in [[California]], was the only US president born and raised in Illinois.

==Economy==
Illinois has a diverse [[economy]]. Chicago is a major center for [[transportation]] and [[business]]. Central and northern Illinois is mostly used for [[agriculture]]. The south produces many natural resources such as [[coal]], [[timber]] and [[petroleum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eia.gov/state/state-energy-profiles.cfm?sid=IL |title=Illinois – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |publisher=Eia.gov |date=April 19, 2012 |accessdate=April 29, 2012}}</ref>

==Government==
Illinois was once known to be a [[swing state]] (voted for either [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] or the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]). Today, Illinois is known to be a blue state, voting for the Democratic Party. The last time Illinois voted for a Republican president was in [[United States presidential election, 1988|1988]] for [[George H.W. Bush]].

[[J. B. Pritzker]] (D) is the current [[Governor of Illinois]]. It has two senators; [[Dick Durbin]] (D) and [[Tammy Duckworth]] (D).

==Population==
Illinois has the average population of 12,419,293 people since 2010. Most of the people living in Illinois live near the city of [[Chicago]].

==People from Illinois==
Famous Illinoisans include:
* 16th [[President (United States)|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]]
* 40th President [[Ronald Reagan]]
* 44th President [[Barack Obama]]
* Former First Lady [[Michelle Obama]]
* Former First Lady, Senator of New York, and Secretary of State [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]]
* [[Architect]] [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]
* Mayor of [[Chicago]] [[Richard M. Daley]]
* Former First Lady [[Betty Ford]]
* Actor [[Harrison Ford]]
* Movie critic [[Roger Ebert]]
* [[Animator]] [[Walt Disney]]
* Actress [[Betty White]]
* [[Social Worker]] [[Jane Addams]]
* [[Scout]] [[Wild Bill Hickok]]
* Comedian [[Jack Benny]]
* [[National Basketball Association|NBA player]] [[Dwyane Wade]]

==State symbols==

In Illinois, school children voted to select the state [[bird]], [[state flower]], and state tree. The state bird is the [[cardinal (bird)|cardinal]]. The state flower of Illinois is the [[violet (plant)|violet]]. The state tree is the [[oak|white oak]].

Illinois's seal has an [[eagle]] in a [[prairie]]. Across a river, behind the eagle is a rising sun. The eagle stands for the United States. The prairie reminds Illinoisans of their land. The two dates on the seal, 1818 and 1868, are the year that Illinois became a state and the year that the state seal was designed. The state flag includes the state seal.

==Related pages==
* [[List of cities in Illinois]]
* [[List of counties in Illinois]]
* [[List of rivers of Illinois]]
* [[List of settlements in Illinois]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{commonscat|Illinois}}

{{Illinois}}
{{US Midwest}}
{{United States}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Illinois| ]]
[[Category:1818 establishments in the United States]]

{{US-geo-stub}}

Illinois - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT at 01:56, 10 September 2022