SonOfZeus at 13:58, 30 March 2022

2022-03-30T13:58:22Z

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{{Infobox deity
| type = Meitei
| name = Nongthang Leima <br /> The Goddess with 31 Divine Forms
| deity_of = Primeval Goddess of thunder and lightning, dance and music, charming and seduction
| member_of = [[Lairembi]]s
| image = PANTHOIPI.jpg
| caption = Goddess [[Panthoibi]] is one of the most prominent divine forms of Goddess Nongthang Leima.
| script_name = Ancient Meitei transliteration
| script = [[File:NONGTHANG LEIMA.jpg|thumb]]
}}
In [[Meitei folklore]], [[Meitei mythology|mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]], [[Nongthang Leima]], the primordial goddess of thunder and lightning, dance and music, charming and seduction,<ref name="Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima By James Oinam">{{Cite web|title=Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima By James Oinam|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Folks.Folk_Tales.Incarnations_of_Goddess_Nongthang_Leima_By_James_Oinam|access-date=2022-03-29|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=q5eBAAAAMAAJ&q=nongthang+Leima&dq=nongthang+Leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU6p6XquzuAhVNAHIKHV0ZDdEQ6AEwA3oECAQQAg|title=Folk Culture of Manipur|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|date=1993|publisher=Manas Publications|isbn=978-81-7049-063-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=50BLAAAAYAAJ&q=Nongthang+Leima&dq=Nongthang+Leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLiY22uM3uAhVk4HMBHRtxDQYQ6AEwAnoECAkQAg|title=Folk-lore|date=1991|publisher=Indian Publications|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uJUOAQAAMAAJ&q=nongthang+Leima&dq=nongthang+Leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7zsPsqezuAhWGdn0KHTmvCbQQ6AEwAXoECAEQAg|title=The Anthropologist: International Journal of Contemporary and Applied Studies of Man|date=2003|publisher=Kamla-Raj Enterprises|language=en}}</ref> is said to have multiple divine incarnations in the forms of many feminine beings.<ref name="Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima By James Oinam" /> The ''"Laion Laichat"'', an ancient [[Meitei scripture]], mentions the 31 divine forms of the goddess, among which [[Panthoibi]] and Chang-Ning Leima, are significant.<ref name="Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima By James Oinam" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Land of Gods and Goddesses Book Review By James Oinam|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.Land_of_Gods_and_Goddesses_Book_Review_By_James_Oinam|access-date=2022-03-29|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Incarnations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Names
!Alternate spellings
!Latin transliteration
!English translation (or description)
|-
|ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ
|ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ
|[[Panthoibi]]
|Goddess of war, love and fertility<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=COCBAAAAMAAJ&q=panthoibi+goddess&dq=panthoibi+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp3ISTn-zuAhWWYisKHRy0Df4Q6AEwAXoECAMQAg|title=The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba|last=Parratt|first=Saroj Nalini|date=1997|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|isbn=978-81-259-0416-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=izhuAAAAMAAJ&q=panthoibi+goddess&dq=panthoibi+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz1oLZn-zuAhUW_XMBHXUwA50Q6AEwA3oECAAQAg|title=Proceedings of North East India History Association|last=Session|first=North East India History Association|date=2001|publisher=The Association|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=ZF9uAAAAMAAJ&dq=panthoibi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=panthoibi+war|title=A Short History of Manipur|last=Singh|first=R. K. Jhalajit|date=1992|publisher=R.K. Jhalajit Singh|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Tanthong Leima
|
|-
|ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Lemthong Leima
|
|-
|ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Lamteng Leima
|
|-
|ꯍꯩꯅꯧꯄꯣꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
|
|Heinoupok Leima
|Goddess of mango tree
|-
|ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Chang-ning Leima
|
|-
|ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯢꯄꯤ
|ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯏꯕꯤ
|Noong-koipi (Nungoibi)
|War goddess
|-
|ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Koloi Leima
|Goddess of naming
|-
|ꯊꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯊꯨꯝꯔꯩꯃ
|[[Thumleima]]
|Goddess of salt and salt brines<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M0QKAAAAIAAJ&dq=thumleima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Noinu+thumleima+salt+wells|title=Folklore|last=Jacobs|first=Joseph|last2=Nutt|first2=Alfred Trübner|last3=Wright|first3=Arthur Robinson|last4=Crooke|first4=William|date=1913|publisher=Folklore Society|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4qJP50fPuAhVVU30KHUL4AQwQ6AEwAnoECAIQAw#v=snippet&q=thumleima%20salt&f=false|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2mdWVwK_uAhXijeYKHXyfDI4Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=thumleima&f=false|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ
|[[Ngaleima]]
|Goddess of fish<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vKM4AAAAIAAJ&q=ngaleima+goddess&dq=ngaleima+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg-qPnva_uAhUu7HMBHeELCCgQ6AEwAXoECAYQAg|title=Man in India|last=Bahadur)|first=Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai|date=1970|publisher=A. K. Bose|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IvUZAAAAIAAJ&q=ngaleima+goddess&dq=ngaleima+goddess&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg-qPnva_uAhUu7HMBHeELCCgQ6AEwAHoECAUQAg|title=The Eastern Anthropologist|date=1974|publisher=Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society, U.P.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=ngareima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwixhdq8va_uAhWU6nMBHdc0A3EQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=ngareima&f=false|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|ꯊꯥꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯊꯥꯔꯩꯃ
|[[Thaleima]]
|Goddess of moon
|-
|ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯄꯤ
|ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯂꯩꯃ, ꯐꯧꯔꯩꯃ
|[[Phouoibi|Phouoipi]]
|Goddess of agriculture, crops and food<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vDduAAAAMAAJ&q=phouoibi+warol&dq=phouoibi+warol&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJsNuB7uTuAhWFX30KHTtBBvEQ6AEwA3oECAIQAg|title=Proceedings of North East India History Association|last=Session|first=North East India History Association|date=1999|publisher=The Association|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yyQoAQAAMAAJ&q=phoureima&dq=phoureima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU0Pbbwq_uAhWRj-YKHZOdBkAQ6AEwAHoECAQQAg|title=The Art of Rice: Spirit and Sustenance in Asia|last=Hamilton|first=Roy W.|last2=Ammayao|first2=Aurora|date=2003|publisher=UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History|isbn=978-0-930741-98-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9sljAAAAMAAJ&q=phouoibi&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhq9ulwq_uAhU28HMBHVhDCoIQ6AEwA3oECAYQAg|title=Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology|date=1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=c276DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT137&dq=phouoibi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhq9ulwq_uAhU28HMBHVhDCoIQ6AEwAnoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=phouoibi&f=false|title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur|last=Meitei|first=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba|last2=Chaudhuri|first2=Sarit K.|last3=Arunkumar|first3=M. C.|date=2020-11-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-29637-2|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|ꯌꯣꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯌꯣꯠꯔꯩꯃ
|Yot-Leima
|Goddess of iron
|-
|ꯋꯥꯇꯂꯩ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯄꯤ
|ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯩ ꯁꯤꯟꯍꯩꯕꯤ
|Waatalei Silheipi
|Goddess of artisans and occupation
|-
|ꯀꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯀꯣꯜꯂꯩꯃ
|Kon-Leima
|Goddess of utensils
|-
|ꯈꯥꯢꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ
|ꯈꯥꯏꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ
|Khaipa Ningthou Chanu
|
|-
|ꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ
|ꯃꯣꯏꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ
|[[Imoinu|Moinu Chanu]] ([[Imoinu]])
|Caretaker goddess of mankind, wealth and prosperity<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Hymn for Goddess Emoinu|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.A_Hymn_for_Goddess_Emoinu|access-date=2022-03-29|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meiteis celebrate Emoinu|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/meiteis-celebrate-emoinu/cid/1627030|access-date=2022-03-29|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|ꯄꯤꯊꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ
|
|Pithet Leima
|
|-
|ꯂꯥꯢꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯄꯤ
|ꯂꯥꯏꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯕꯤ
|Laiwa Leima Laisan Thaanpi
|
|-
|ꯈꯥꯄꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯢ ꯆꯅꯨ
|ꯈꯥꯕꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯏ ꯆꯅꯨ
|Khapi Lukoi Chanu
|
|-
|ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯄꯤꯆꯥ
|ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯕꯤꯆꯥ
|Liklapicha
|
|-
|ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Yaipi Leima
|Goddess of souls
|-
|ꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯊꯣꯪꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
|[[Thongak Lairembi|Thongak Leima]]
|Gatekeeper goddess of the door of the death
|-
|ꯁꯤꯇꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ
|
|Sitanupi
|
|-
|ꯆꯂꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯆꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Chalang Leima (Charang Leima)
|
|-
|ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯄꯤ
|ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯄꯤ
|Pithaipi
|Giver Goddess
|-
|ꯈꯥꯡꯇꯂꯥꯢꯄꯤ
|ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯂꯥꯏꯄꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯤ
|Khongtalaipi
|
|-
|ꯁꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯁꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Salik Leima (Sarik Leima)
|
|-
|ꯈꯝꯄ ꯌꯥꯡꯇꯩ
|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯡꯗꯩ
|Khampa Yangtei
|
|-
|ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯄꯤ
|ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯕꯤ
|Nungkhong Nunglaopi
|Goddess of stones
|-
|ꯄꯨꯛꯁꯂꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
|ꯄꯨꯛꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
|Pukhsali Leima
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[Incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ljZuAAAAMAAJ&q=nongthang+Leima&dq=nongthang+Leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA87fAquzuAhURlEsFHVGjAPMQ6AEwBHoECAMQAg|title=Proceedings of North East India History Association|last=Session|first=North East India History Association|date=1995|publisher=The Association|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=50BLAAAAYAAJ&q=Nongthang+Leima&dq=Nongthang+Leima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjLiY22uM3uAhVk4HMBHRtxDQYQ6AEwAnoECAkQAg|title=Folk-lore|date=1991|publisher=Indian Publications|language=en}}

[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Meitei religion]]

{{simple-Wikipedia}}

Incarnations of Nongthang Leima - Revision history

SonOfZeus at 13:58, 30 March 2022