Shannan0997 at 08:22, 7 February 2026

2026-02-07T08:22:15Z

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{{Short description|Denomination of the Indian rupee}}
{{Infobox coin
| Denomination = One rupee coin
| Country = India
| Value = {{Indian rupee}}1
| Unit =
| Mass_g = 3.09
| Mass_troy_oz =
| Mass_grain =
| Mass_ounce =
| Mass_special = 
| Gold_troy_oz =
| Silver_troy_oz =
| Diameter_mm = 20
| Diameter_inch = 0.79
| Diameter_special = 
| Thickness_mm =
| Thickness_inch =
| Thickness_special = 
| Edge =
| Composition = [[Stainless steel]]
| Years of Minting = {{Start date|1950}}–present
| Mintage = 
| Mint marks = ⧫ = [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Mumbai]] B = Mumbai Proof issue * = [[India Government Mint, Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] ° = [[India Government Mint, Noida|Noida]] No mint-mark = [[India Government Mint, Kolkata|Kolkata]]
| Circulation =
| Catalog Number = 
| Obverse = Indian 1 rupee coin (observe).png
| Obverse Image Size = 128
| Obverse Design =
| Obverse Designer = [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| Obverse Design Date = 2019
| Obverse Discontinued =
| Obverse2 = India-1-rupee-2018.jpg
| Obverse2 Image Size = 128
| Obverse2 Design =
| Obverse2 Designer = [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| Obverse2 Design Date = 2011
| Obverse2 Discontinued = 2019
| Obverse3 = 1 Ruppe coin 2005 reverse.jpg
| Obverse3 Image Size = 128
| Obverse3 Design =
| Obverse3 Designer = [[National Institute of Design]]
| Obverse3 Design Date = 2005
| Obverse3 Discontinued = 2007
| Obverse4 =
| Obverse4 Image Size =
| Obverse4 Design =
| Obverse4 Designer =
| Obverse4 Design Date =
| Obverse4 Discontinued =
| Reverse = Indian 1 rupee coin (reverse.png
| Reverse Image Size = 128
| Reverse Design =
| Reverse Designer = [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| Reverse Design Date = 2019
| Reverse Discontinued =
| Reverse2 = 1-rupees-2011-rev.png
| Reverse2 Image Size = 128
| Reverse2 Design =
| Reverse2 Designer = [[Reserve Bank of India]]
| Reverse2 Design Date = 2011
| Reverse2 Discontinued = 2019
| Reverse3 = 1 Ruppe coin obverse.jpg
| Reverse3 Image Size = 128
| Reverse3 Design =
| Reverse3 Designer = [[National Institute of Design]]
| Reverse3 Design Date = 2005
| Reverse3 Discontinued = 2007
| Reverse4 =
| Reverse4 Image Size =
| Reverse4 Design =
| Reverse4 Designer =
| Reverse4 Design Date =
| Reverse4 Discontinued =
}}
The '''Indian 1-rupee coin''' (₹1) is an Indian coin worth one [[Indian rupee]] and is made up of a hundred [[Indian paisa|paisa]]s. Currently, one rupee coin is the smallest Indian coin in circulation. Since 1992, one Indian rupee coins are minted from [[stainless steel]]. Round in shape, the one rupee coins weighs {{convert|3.76|g|gr|abbr=off}}, has a diameter of {{convert|21.93|mm|in|adj=on}} and thickness of {{convert|1.45|mm|in|adj=on}}. In [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independent India]], one rupee coins were first minted in 1950 and are currently in circulation.

==History==
===Sur Empire===
[[Sher Shah Suri]], the founder of the [[Sur Empire]] ruled [[North India]] from 1540 to 1545 [[Anno Domini|AD]].<ref name="p.83">Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, {{Listed Invalid ISBN|81-7276-407-1}}, p.83</ref> During his reign, Suri issued pure silver coins in 1542 and named it ''Rupiya'' (from Sanskrit रौप्य, raupya, meaning silver). The denomination remained in usage through the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]], [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]], [[East India Company|East India company]] and [[British Raj|British]] rules.<ref name="Facts about Indian coinage">{{cite news|title=Facts about Indian coinage|publisher=mymoneysage.in|access-date=29 August 2017|url=https://www.mymoneysage.in/blog/interesting-facts-about-coinage-and-currency-notes-in-india/}}</ref><ref name="History of Indian coins">{{cite news|title=History of Indian coins|publisher=indianumismatics.wordpress.com|access-date=29 August 2017|url=https://indianumismatics.wordpress.com/category/history-of-indian-coins/}}</ref> The rupiya was retained by the East India company till 1835 and formed the basis of the British Raj currency till 1947.<ref name="History of Pashtuns">{{cite news|title=History of Pashtuns|publisher=barmazid.com|access-date=29 August 2017|url=http://www.barmazid.com/2014/11/currency-reforms-of-sher-shah.html}}</ref> Each rupiya coin weighed {{convert|178|gr|g|abbr=off}}. The [[Denomination (currency)#Subunit and super unit|sub-unit]] of rupyia were copper pieces and 40 copper pieces constituted as one rupiya. Sher Shah Suri named the copper pieces as [[Paisa]].<ref name="Facts about Indian coinage"/><ref name="History of Pashtuns"/><ref name="Interesting Facts about Rupee and Coins">{{cite news|title=Interesting Facts about Rupee and Coins|publisher=mapsofindia.com|access-date=29 August 2017|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/india/interesting-facts-about-rupee-and-coins}}</ref>

{{Coin image box 1 double
| header = 1 '''Rupiya''' coin (''Sher Shah Suri'')
| image = File:Sher shah's rupee.jpg
| caption_left = '''Obverse''': Trace of [[Six Kalimas|Kalima]], name of four [[Khalifa]]s, Sher Shah Suri's name and pious wish "Khald Allah mulk".
| caption_right = '''Reverse''': Name of mint (some coins bore word "Jahapanah" instead of mint name) and date.
| width = 250
| footer = Coins were minted in different mints like Ujjain, Agra, Punduah, Chunar, Satgaon etc.
| position = center
| margin = 0
}}

===Danish, Dutch, French and Portuguese India===
Each minted their own coinage, with [[Danish India]] using [[Danish Indian rupee|Fano]];<ref>{{Cite web|title=2 Royaliner, 2 Fano, 2 Fanams - Christian VII, India|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces87844.html|access-date=2022-01-06|website=en.numista.com|language=en}}</ref> [[French India]]: [[French Indian rupee|Roupie and fanon]] till 1954; [[Portuguese India]] [[Portuguese Indian rupia|rupia]] till 1958, ...

===British East India company===
In 1717 AD, the [[East India Company]] obtained permission from the Mughal emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]] to coin Mughal style currency, at their Bombay factory. In 1835 AD, the ''Coinage Act of 1835'' for uniform coinage came into force.<ref name="Facts about Indian coinage"/><ref name="British India Coinage">{{cite news|title=British India Coinage|publisher=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/English/Currency/Scripts/BritishIndia.aspx}}</ref> Composed of 91.7% silver, the new one rupee coins weighed {{convert|11.66|g|gr|abbr=off}} and had a diameter of {{convert|30.55|mm|in|adj=off}}. The reverse of all one rupee coins minted after 1835 and before 1862 AD bore "East India Company" instead of the Mughal Empire.<ref name="Queen Victoria coin variants">{{cite news|title=Queen Victoria coin variants|publisher=Numista|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/index.php?mode=avance&p=1&r=&e=inde_britannique&d=&ca=3&no=&i=&v=1&m=&a=1840-1901&t=&dg=&w=&u=&f=&g=&tb=y&cat=y}}</ref> The one rupee coins had bust of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IIII]] (''IV minted as IIII'') and were first minted in 1835 AD.<ref name="1835 one rupee">{{cite news|title=1835 one rupee|publisher=Numista|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces15709.html}}</ref> Rupee coins issued after 1840 bore the busts of [[Queen Victoria]] (1840 to 1901 AD).<ref name="Facts about Indian coinage"/><ref name="British India 1 rupee coins">{{cite news|title=British India 1 rupee coins|publisher=Numista|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/index.php?mode=avance&p=1&r=&e=inde_britannique&d=&ca=3&no=&i=&v=1+rupee&m=&a=&t=&dg=&w=&u=&f=&g=&tb=y&cat=y}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jfcampbell.us/india/victoria/rupee-mm.htm|title=VICTORIA {{!}} The Coins of British India One Rupee: Mint Mark Varieties (1874–1901)|website=jfcampbell.us|date=13 October 2004|author= J. Franklin Campbell|access-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913183949/http://jfcampbell.us/india/victoria/rupee-mm.htm|archive-date=13 September 2019}}</ref>

The [[East India Company]] wanted to introduce the [[Pound sterling]] in India, due to the popularity of the Rupiya, the Pound sterling could not be introduced in India.

====Madras Presidency====
The [[Madras Presidency]] issued one rupee coins until 1815 AD. One rupee was equal to twelve [[Madras fanam|fanam]]s.<ref name="Interesting Facts about Rupee and Coins"/>

{{Coin image box 1 double
| header = 1 '''Rupee coin''' (''Madras Presidency'')
| image = File:Silver Rupee Madras Presidency.JPG
| caption_left = '''Obverse''':
| caption_right = '''Reverse''':
| width = 250
| footer =
| position = center
| margin = 0
}}

===British Raj (1858-1947)===
The [[British Raj]] started in India in 1858 AD and lasted until Indian independence in 1947.<ref name="British Raj">{{cite news|title=British Raj|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml}}</ref> In 1862, new one rupee coins were issued, were known as the ''Regal issue'', bore the bust of Queen Victoria on the obverse and "India" minted on the reverse side.<ref name="Queen Victoria coin variants"/> From 1862 to 1939 AD, one rupee coins were minted from 91.7% silver, weighed {{convert|11.66|g|gr|abbr=off}}, had a diameter of {{convert|30.78|mm|in|adj=off}} and thickness of {{convert|1.9|mm|in|adj=off}}. The obverse side of the coins featured the busts of [[Queen Victoria]] (1862 to 1901 AD), [[Edward VII]] (1903 to 1910 AD), [[George V]] (1911 to 1936 AD) and [[George VI]] (1938 to 1947 AD). [[Edward VIII]] was never featured on any one rupee coin since his reign (Jan-Dec 1936 AD) was short.<ref name="Facts about Indian coinage"/><ref name="British India 1 rupee coins"/>

Due to [[World War I]] and [[World War II|II]], there was a shortage of silver. As a result of the shortage, 0.917 silver one rupee coins were replaced by Quaternary silver alloy (0.500) in 1940. In 1947, the silver one rupee coin was replaced by nickel coins.<ref name="Facts about Indian coinage"/>

===Princely States===
Several [[Princely States]] issued their own currency, on the demise of the Mughal empire, with [[Hyderabad state]] issuing its own [[Hyderabadi rupee]], between 1918 and 1959. As did: Alwar, Ambliara, Awadh, Bahawalpur, Bharatpur, Bikanir, Bund, Chuda, Dhar, Indergadh, Jaisalmer, Jaora, Junagadh, Kalat, Kutch, Mangrol, Mengani, Muli, Mysore, Nawanagar, Palitana, Rajkot, Ramgarh, Sailana, Sayala and several others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banknotes from Indian Princely states – Numista|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/inde_princiers-banknotes-1.html|access-date=2022-01-06|website=en.numista.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reserve Bank of India - Museum|url=https://m.rbi.org.in//scripts/pm_others.aspx|access-date=2022-01-06|website=m.rbi.org.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coins from Indian Princely states – Numista|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/inde_princiers-1.html|access-date=2022-01-06|website=en.numista.com}}</ref>

===One rupee coinage from 1835 to 1947===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! colspan="13"|One Rupee coins (1835 to 1947): ''East India Company and British Raj''
|-
! colspan="2"| Image !! colspan="4"| Technical parameters !! colspan="3"| Description !! colspan="2"| Year of minting !! rowspan="2"| Known mintage !! Comments
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Weight !! Diameter !! Thickness !! Metal !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! First !! Last !!
|-
| [[File:Indian rupee (1835) - Obverse 01.jpg|100px]] || [[File:Indian rupee (1835) - Reverse.jpg|100px]] || 11.66 g || 30.5 mm || 1.9 mm || rowspan="5"| [[Silver]] (0.917) || rowspan="5"| Reeded || Bust of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|King William IIII]] with his name. || Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath. || 1835 || 1840 || 69,472,000 <ref name="William IIII coin variants">{{cite news|title=William IIII coin variants|publisher=colnect.com|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://colnect.com/en/coins/list/variant/76944}}</ref> ||
|-
| [[File:India 1 Rupee 1884 Victoria(obv)-4037.jpg|100px]] || [[File:India 1 Rupee 1884 Victoria(rev)-4038.jpg|100px]] || 11.66 g || 30.78 mm || 1.9 mm || Bust of [[Queen Victoria]] surrounded by her name. || Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath. || 1840 || 1901 || 2,454,825,107 <ref name="Queen Victoria coin variants"/> ||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[File:1 Indian rupee (1905).jpg|210px]] || 11.66 g || 30.6 mm || 1.9 mm || Bust of [[Edward VII]] surrounded by his name. || Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath. || 1903 || 1910 || 849,622,000 <ref name="Edward VII coin variants">{{cite news|title=Edward VII coin variants|publisher=Numista|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces3722.html}}</ref> ||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[File:1 Indian rupee (1918).jpg|210px]] || 11.66 g || 30.5 mm || 1.9 mm || Bust of [[George V]] surrounded by his name. || Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath. || 1911 || 1936 || 1,807,479,000 <ref name="George V coin variants">{{cite news|title=George V coin variants|publisher=colnect.com|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://colnect.com/en/coins/list/variant/2083}}</ref> || ''Coins minted in 1911 had nick name "pig rupee"''.<ref name="Facts about Indian coinage"/>
|-
| colspan="2"| [[File:Indian rupee (1939).jpg|210px]] || 11.66 g || 30.5 mm || 1.9 mm || rowspan="3"| Bust of [[George VI]] surrounded by his name. || rowspan="3"| Face value, country and date surrounded by wreath. || 1938 || 1939 || rowspan="2"| 772,980,000 <ref name="George VI coin variants">{{cite news|title=George VI coin variants|publisher=colnect.com|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://colnect.com/en/coins/list/variant/2085}}</ref> ||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[File:Indian rupee (1940).jpg|210px]] || 11.66 g || 30.5 mm || 1.9 mm || Silver (0.500) || rowspan="2"| Security || 1939 || 1945 ||
|-
| [[File:1 Indian rupee (1947) - Obverse.jpg|100px]] || [[File:1 Indian rupee (1947) - Reverse.jpg|100px]] || 11.8 g || 28 mm || 2.48 mm || [[Nickel]] || 1947 || 1947 || 160,039,000 <ref name="George VI Nickel coin">{{cite news|title=George VI Nickel coin|publisher=Numista|access-date=30 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces12426.html}}</ref> || ''Only minted in 1947.''
|-
|}

===Independent India===
On 15 August 1947, India obtained [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independence]] and the [[monetary system]] and [[Coins of British India|coinage]] of the [[British Raj]] were retained. It was not until 15 August 1950 that India introduced new coins. Introduction of new coins (including one rupee coin) was done in following chronology and reasons;<ref name="British Raj"/><ref name="Republic India Coinage">{{cite news|title=Republic India Coinage|publisher=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|access-date=28 August 2017|url=https://rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/mc_republic.aspx}}</ref>

*[[Motif (visual arts)|Motifs]] and symbol of [[sovereignty]] were adapted to represent Indian independence.
*Introduction of [[metric system]] and related impact on Indian coinage.
*Changes due to metallic value of coins.
*"Coinisation" of currency notes for cost-benefit.

==Subunits==
From 1947 to 1957, the [[Indian rupee]] was not [[Decimalisation|decimalised]] and was divided into 16 [[Anna (monetary subunit)|annas]]. Each anna was further divided to four [[Indian pice]]s (from 1835 to 1947, each pice was divided into three [[Pie (monetary subunit)|Indian pies]]; till the pie was demonetized in 1947). Table below shows sub-units of one rupee (1835–present).<ref name="History of Indian coins"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Denomination !! [[Currency subunit|Sub-unit]] !! Sub-unit !! Sub-unit !! From !! To !! Comments
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Indian rupee|Rupee]] || rowspan="3" | [[Anna (monetary subunit)|Anna]] (''1 Rupee=16 Anna'') || rowspan="3" | [[Indian pice|Pice]] (''1 Anna = 4 Pice'') || [[Pie (monetary subunit)|Pie]] (''1 Pice = 3 Pie'') || 1835 || 1947 || Pie [[Legal tender#Demonetization|demonetized]] in 1947.
|-
| rowspan="2" | - || 1947 || 1950 || The Frozen Series
|-
| 1950 || 1957 || The Anna Series
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Indian paisa|Paisa]] (''1 Rupee = 100 Paisa'') || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | - || 1957 || 1964 || Naya Paisa Series. Anna & Pice demonetized in 1957.
|-
| 1964 || Present || Except [[50 paise (Indian coin)|50 paisa]], all lower coins demonetized.
|-
| colspan="7" | '''''(1835–1947)''': 1 Indian rupee = 16 anna = 64 pice = 192 pie. '''(1947–1957)''': 1 Indian rupee = 16 anna = 64 pice. '''(1957–1964)''': 1 Indian rupee = 100 naye paise. '''(1964–present)''': 1 Indian rupee = 100 paise.''<ref name="Republic India Coinage"/>
|}

==Mintage==

===Mintage===
As of 2020, one rupee coins are minted by the [[India Government Mint]]s in [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Mumbai]], [[India Government Mint, Kolkata|Kolkata]], [[India Government Mint, Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] and in [[India Government Mint, Noida|Noida]]. All coins are circulated only through the [[Reserve Bank of India]].<ref name="Indian coins">{{cite news|title=Indian coins|publisher=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|access-date=28 August 2017|url=https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/ic_coins.aspx}}</ref>

===Mint marks===
The following mint marks have been used on one rupee coins since 1947.<ref name="Mint marks">{{cite news|title=Mint marks|publisher=indian-coins.com|access-date=28 August 2017|url=http://www.indian-coins.com/commemorativecoins/mint-marks}}</ref><ref name="Mint marks (abroad 1)">{{cite news|title=Mint marks (abroad 1)|publisher=Numista|access-date=28 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1628.html}}</ref><ref name="Mint marks (abroad 2)">{{cite news|title=Mint marks (abroad 2)|publisher=Numista|access-date=28 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1609.html}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Mint !! Mark !! Description !! Comments
|-
| colspan="4" | '''{{Center|Coins minted in [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Indian mints]]}}'''
|-
| [[India Government Mint, Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] || ☆ || Five-pointed star ||
|-
| [[India Government Mint, Kolkata|Kolkata]] || || No mint-mark || Since this was the first Indian mint, coins minted in Kolkata don't carry a mark.<ref name="Mint marks"/>
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Mumbai]] || ⧫ || Diamond ||
|-
| • || Small dot (solid) ||
|-
| B || Letter B below year ||
|-
| M || Letter M below year || On coins minted after 1996.
|-
| [[India Government Mint, Noida|Noida]] || ° || Small dot (hollow) ||
|-
| colspan="4" | '''{{Center|Coins minted in foreign mints}}'''
|-
| [[Birmingham Mint|Birmingham]] || H || Letter H below year || One rupee coins ([[Standard Catalog of World Coins|KM#]] 79.1) in 1985 were also minted in Birmingham mint, United Kingdom.<ref name="Mint marks (abroad 1)"/>
|-
| [[Kremnica Mint|Kremnica]] || mk || Letters "mk" in circle || One rupee coins ([[Standard Catalog of World Coins|KM#]] 92.2) from 1998 to 2001 were also minted in the Kremnica mint, Slovakia.<ref name="Mint marks (abroad 2)"/>
|-
| [[Mexican Mint|Mexico]] || Mo || °M, letter "M" beneath circle || One rupee coins ([[Standard Catalog of World Coins|KM#]] 92.2) in 1997 were also minted in the Mexican Mint.<ref name="Mint marks (abroad 2)"/>
|-
| [[South African Mint|Pretoria]] || M || Letter "M" in oval || One rupee coins ([[Standard Catalog of World Coins|KM#]] 92.2) from 1998 to 2000 were also minted in the Pretoria mint, South Africa.<ref name="Mint marks (abroad 2)"/>
|-
| [[Royal Mint]] || • || Small dot || One rupee coins ([[Standard Catalog of World Coins|KM#]] 79.1) in 1985 were also minted in Royal Mint in Llantrisant, United Kingdom.<ref name="Mint marks (abroad 1)"/>
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Indian 2-rupee note]]
*[[Indian 1-rupee note]]

{{Portal|India|Money|Numismatics}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=50em}}

{{Indian currency|2000=}}

[[Category:One-base-unit coins]]
[[Category:Coins of India]]
[[Category:Rupee]]

Indian 1-rupee coin - Revision history

Shannan0997 at 08:22, 7 February 2026