GeorgeNobbs1 at 02:58, 30 November 2025

2025-11-30T02:58:05Z

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{{Short description|ISRO's observatory}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox Observatory
| name = Indian Deep Space Network
| logo = Indian Space Research Organisation Logo.svg
| caption =
| organization = [[Indian Space Research Organization]]
| established = {{start date and age|df=y|2008|10|17}}
| location = [[Byalalu]], [[Ramanagara| Ramanagar district]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| website = http://www.istrac.gov.in
}}

'''Indian Deep Space Network''' ('''IDSN''') is a sophisticated telecommunications infrastructure operated by the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)]] to provide telemetry, tracking and command support its [[Interplanetary spaceflight|interplanetary missions]]. Located at the Bayalu campus near [[Bengaluru|Bengaluru, Karnataka]], the IDSN comprises a worldwide network of large antennas capable of communicating with spacecrafts at lunar and interplanetary distances.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/indian-space-science-data-centre-issdc-gateway-to-indias-space-science-data |title=Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC) - Gateway to India's Space Science Data - ISRO |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901140723/https://www.isro.gov.in/indian-space-science-data-centre-issdc-gateway-to-indias-space-science-data |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The network operates under the purview of [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network|ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)]] and functions as part of a global network, receiving complementary support from similar networks run by [[NASA Deep Space Network|NASA]], [[Chinese Deep Space Network|China]], [[Soviet Deep Space Network|Russia]], [[ESTRACK|ESA]], and [[Japanese Deep Space Network|Japan]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Brothers-in-arms Nasa, ESA support Isro in tracking Chandrayaan-3, will play key role in landing mission|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/brother-in-arms-nasa-esa-support-isro-in-tracking-chandrayaan-3-will-play-key-role-in-landing-mission/articleshow/102973343.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2023-08-23|access-date=2025-11-29|issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Facilities and Infrastructure==

The IDSN occupies nearly 120 acres at Bayalu, located 60 kilometers from Bengaluru. The campus houses the antenna systems, mission operations complexes and the [[Indian Space Science Data Centre]] along with other facilities and administrative buildings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ISTRAC - Brochure|url=https://www.istrac.gov.in/brochure.html|website=www.istrac.gov.in|access-date=2025-11-29}}</ref>

=== Mission Operation Complex (MOX) ===
The IDSN operates two Mission Operations Complexes: MOX-1 established in 2008 and MOX-2 established in 2010.<ref name=":0" />

=== Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC) ===
Located within the IDSN campus, ISSDC processes and archives scientific payload data from ISRO's space missions.<ref name=":0" />

=== ISRO Navigation Centre (INC) ===
Byalalu campus also houses the ISRO Navigation Centre (INC). The centre became active on 12 June 2013, at the time of launch of [[IRNSS-1A]], the first of the [[Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System]] series of satellites. The INC has a high stability [[atomic clock]]. It will be used to co-ordinate across 21 ground stations in India.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/isro-unveils-hub-for-its-navigation-fleet/article4761288.ece |title=ISRO unveils hub for its navigation fleet |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 May 2013 |access-date=1 June 2013 |location=Jaduguda, India}}</ref>

==Antenna Systems==

Along with the existing infrastructure of the [[ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network]] (ISTRAC), the IDSN is augmented by multiple large antennas to improve the visibility duration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/ground-segment/82-chandrayaan-1/967-indian-deep-space-network-idsn|title=Welcome to VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE - Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)|website=www.vssc.gov.in|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020022026/http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/ground-segment/82-chandrayaan-1/967-indian-deep-space-network-idsn|archive-date=2015-10-20}}</ref>

===32-Meter S/X-Band Antenna===
The main antenna of the network is a 32-meter antenna that employs a parabolic reflector. The antenna mount utilizes wheel-and-track system for azimuth motion. Built in a [[Beam waveguide antenna|beam waveguide]] configuration, this state-of-the-art system has supported the [[Chandrayaan-1]] and [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] mission operations.<ref name="bwg">{{cite journal |title=Two Stage Gain Magnification in Beam Wave Guide Feed of Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN-32) Station|last1=Srinivasan|first1=VV|last2=Kumar|first2=Chandrakanta|last3=Bhatnagar|first3=Deepak|last4=Lakshmeesha|first4=VK|last5=Pal|first5=Surendra|journal=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation|volume=60|number=7|pages=3481–3484|year=2012|publisher=IEEE|doi=10.1109/TAP.2012.2196913|bibcode=2012ITAP...60.3481S}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mangalyaan successfully placed into Mars Transfer Trajectory |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/12/mangalyaan-successfully-placed-into-mars-transfer-trajectory/ |access-date=1 December 2013}}</ref> Currently, it supports the [[Chandrayaan-2]] orbiter, the [[Aditya-L1]] mission and [[Chandrayaan-3]].

A fibre optics / satellite link will provide the necessary connectivity between the IDSN site and Spacecraft Control Centre / Network Control Centre. This antenna is designed to provide uplink in both S-Band (20/2 kW) and X-Band (2.5 kW), either through Right circular polarization or Left circular polarization. The reception capability will be in both S-Band and X-Band (simultaneous RCP & LCP). It can receive two carriers in S-Band and one carrier in X-Band, simultaneously. The system will have a G/T of 37.5/51 dB/K (45° elevation, clear sky) for S/X-Band. The base-band will adhere to [[CCSDS]] Standards facilitating cross-support among the space agencies. The station is also equipped for remote control from the ISTRAC Network Control Centre (NCC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://isro.org/chandrayaan/htmls/ground_segment_spacenetwork.htm |title=Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) - Website |access-date=27 October 2008 |archive-date=5 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105203059/http://www.isro.org/Chandrayaan/htmls/ground_segment_spacenetwork.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===18-Meter S/X-Band Antenna (D-18 Tarang)===
Commissioned in November 2021, the second antenna is an indigenous 18-meter antenna that provides supplementary deep space support.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/ground-segment/82-chandrayaan-1/967-indian-deep-space-network-idsn |title=Welcome to VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE - Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) |website=www.vssc.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020022026/http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/ground-segment/82-chandrayaan-1/967-indian-deep-space-network-idsn |archive-date=2015-10-20}}</ref> It shares technical architecture with the 32m antenna at a reduced scale.

===11-Meter antenna===
An additional 11-meter antenna operates at the facility for additional flexibility and lower power applications.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Ch Sushil |title=Hyderabad-based ECIL supplied crucial infra for Chandrayaan-3 mission |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyderabad-based-ecil-supplied-crucial-infra-for-chandrayaan-3-mission/articleshow/103039340.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 August 2023}}</ref>

== Missions Supported ==

=== Chandrayaan missions ===
{{main|Chandrayaan programme}}

The Indian Deep Space Network was built to track and support India's first lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, an uncrewed [[Exploration of the Moon|lunar exploration]] mission. The IDSN provided continuous tracking and orbit control support and received images and data through the mission.

IDSN supported the partially successful Chandrayaan-2 mission completely, from lunar orbit insertion and lander descent to rover operations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chandrayaan-2 - eoPortal|url=https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/chandrayaan-2|website=www.eoportal.org|access-date=2025-11-29|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241127053943/https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/chandrayaan-2|archive-date=2024-11-27|language=en}}</ref>

In 2023, the Chandrayaan-3 successfully placed a lander and rover on lunar south polar region. IDSN provided primary tracking support with supplementary supports from NASA and ESA networks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISTRAC’s Decisive role in India’s Space missions|url=https://www.indiastrategic.in/istracs-decisive-role-in-indias-space-missions/|website=India Strategic|date=2025-10-11|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en-US|first=India Strategic Staff/|last=Agency}}</ref>

=== Mars Orbiter Mission ===
{{main|Mars Orbiter Mission}}

IDSN had been used to track Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) also known as [[Mangalyaan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/mars/updates.aspx |title=ISRO - Mars updates |access-date=12 July 2014 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010404/http://isro.org/mars/updates.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Venus Orbiter Mission ===
The 32m antenna will be used for science data collection from the [[Venus Orbiter Mission]] Spacecraft, planned to be launched in 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Union Cabinet Approves India's Mission to Venus, and Sample Return from the Moon |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/UnionCabinetApprovesIndiasMission.html |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Deep Space Network]]
* [[Chinese Deep Space Network]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|India|Space}}
*[http://www.isro.gov.in Official ISRO website]
*[https://www.istrac.gov.in/ Indian Deep Space Network]
*[https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/chandrayaan-1 Official Chandrayaan-1 Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708043347/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/chandrayaan-1 |date=8 July 2019 }}

{{ISRO facilities|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Indian space programme}}

[[Category:Deep space networks]]
[[Category:ISRO facilities]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ramanagara district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2008]]

Indian Deep Space Network - Revision history

GeorgeNobbs1 at 02:58, 30 November 2025