https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Indian_Famine_CodesIndian Famine Codes - Revision history2026-07-30T15:51:44ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Indian_Famine_Codes&diff=473484&oldid=prevElijahCombs83 at 21:24, 21 December 20252025-12-21T21:24:26Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Famine scale developed by the colonial British in India in the 1880s}}<br />
The '''Indian Famine Codes''', developed by the [[British India]]n government in the 1880s, which were one of the earliest [[famine scale]]s.<br />
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== Types of Food insecurity ==<br />
The Famine Codes established three levels of [[food insecurity]]: near-scarcity, scarcity, and [[famine]]. "Scarcity" was defined as three successive years of [[crop failure]], [[crop yield]]s reaching one-third or one-half of the normal levels, and significant population distress. "Famine" included additional criteria such as a surge in [[food prices]] exceeding 140% of the "normal" value, mass migration of people in search of food, and widespread mortality.<ref name="L. Brennan">{{Citation<br />
| last =Brennan | first =L | year =1984 | contribution =The development of the India Famine Codes: personalities, policies and politics | contribution-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=FoNS2fM8N0kC&q=The+Development+of+the+Indian+Famine+Codes&pg=PA91 | editor-last =Currey | editor-first =Bruce | editor2-last =Hugo | editor2-first =Graeme | title =Famine as a geographical phenomenon | edition =Illustrated | series =GeoJournal library | publisher =Springer | volume =1 | pages =91–110 | isbn =90-277-1762-1}}</ref><br />
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== Indian Famine Commission ==<br />
To address the issue of famine in India, an Indian Famine Commission was established to develop strategies for prevention and mitigation.<ref name="L. Brennan" /> In 1880, the commission's secretary drafted the Indian Famine Code, which served as the cornerstone of famine prevention measures until the 1970s. Subsequent famine codes were developed, such as the Indian Famine Code (Bihar), which shared similar principles with the original code and served as a foundation for multiple famine codes and scales. These codes and scales aimed to assess the severity and magnitude of famine.<ref name="Scales">{{Citation | date=March 2009 | title=Retrospective determination of whether famine existed in Niger | periodical=Field Exchange | issue=35 | page=10 | publisher=ENN | url=http://fex.ennonline.net/35/retrospective.aspx | access-date=October 11, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907065555/http://fex.ennonline.net/35/retrospective.aspx | archive-date=September 7, 2010 }} '''Summary of published research:''' {{cite journal| last1 =Reza | first1 =Avid | last2 =Tomczyk | first2 =Basia | last3 =Aguayo | first3 =Victor M | last4 =Zagré | first4 =Noel M | last5 =Goumbi | first5 =Kadadé | last6 =Blanton | first6 =Curtis | last7 =Talley | first7 =Leisel | title=Retrospective determination of whether famine existed in Niger, 2005: two stage cluster survey. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 337 | article-number= a1622 | pmid=18832413 | pmc=2658864 | doi=10.1136/bmj.a1622 }}</ref> The Indian Famine Code was among the earliest attempts to forecast and subsequently prevent famine by implementing specific steps and interventions mandated for governments to mitigate the risks associated with food scarcity.<ref name="Brittanica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Historical responses to famine |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/201392/famine/277562/ |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
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[[Category:1880s in India]]<br />
[[Category:1880s in British India]]</div>ElijahCombs83