>Iridescent 2 at 17:52, 2 April 2021

2021-04-02T17:52:07Z

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{{Infobox locomotive
| name = Indian locomotive class YDM-3
| image = File:YDM-3.jpg
| alt =
| caption = A YDM-3 hauling a passenger train
| powertype =Diesel
| designer =
| builder = [[Electro-Motive Diesel|GM]]
| ordernumber = 61/RSF/459/1
| serialnumber = DL.142.A.60
| buildmodel = GA12
| builddate = 1961
| totalproduction = 30
| rebuilder =
| rebuilddate =
| numberrebuilt =
| website =
| aarwheels = [[Bo-Bo|1Bo+Bo1]]
| uicclass = 1'Bo'Bo'1
| Britishclass = [[Bo-Bo|1Bo+Bo1]]
| driver =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1000mm|allk=on}}
| trucks =
| bogies =
| wheeldiameter = {{convert|865|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
| trailingdiameter =
| minimumcurve =
| wheelbase =
| engine total =
| leading =
| drivers = 
| coupled = 
| trailing =
| truck = 
| bogie = 
| length =
| over couplers = {{convert|13.79|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| over bufferbeams=
| body = {{convert|12.35|m|ftin|abbr=on|frac=8}}
| width = {{convert|2670|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3365|mm|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}}
| axleload = {{convert|11000|kg|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|58500|kg|abbr=on}}
| fueltype = [[Diesel fuel|Diesel]]
| fuelcap = {{convert|3028|L|abbr=on}}
| lubecap = {{convert|625|L|abbr=on}}
| coolantcap = {{convert|907|L|abbr=on}}
| watercap =
| sandcap = {{convert|0.34|L|abbr=on}}
| powersupply = 110 V DC supply
| consumption =
| watercons =
| primemover = [[EMD 567|GM 12-567C]]
| rpmrange = 275-800
| rpmrange low = 275
| rpmrange idle = 275
| rpmrange max = 800
| enginetype =
| aspiration = [[Turbo-supercharger|Turbo-supercharged]]
| displacement = 
| alternator =
| generator = EMD D25
| tractionmotors = 2 EMD D69MC
| t/m amps 1 hr = 835 Amp
| t/m amps cont = 800 A
| headendpower = 110 V DC
| cylindercount = 12
| cylindersize = {{convert|216 x 254|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} [[Bore (engine)|bore]] x [[Stroke (engine)|stroke]]
| transmission = [[Diesel-electric transmission]]
| gear ratio = 4.598:1
| multipleworking = 2
| locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air brake]]
| dynamicpeakeffort=
| locobrakeforce =
| trainbrakes = [[Vacuum brake]]
| reservoircap =
| compressorcap = {{convert|109.5|L|abbr=on}}
| exhaustercap = {{convert|439|L|abbr=on}}
| coupling =
| maxspeed = {{convert|80|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput =
| poweroutput start= {{convert|1390|HP|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput 1 hr=
| poweroutput cont= {{convert|1240|HP|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort =
| t/e starting = {{convert|14.300|t|0|abbr=on}}
| t/e 1 hr =
| t/e continuous = {{convert|11.25|t|0|abbr=on}}
| factorofadhesion =
| f/adh starting =
| f/adh 1 hr =
| f/adh continuous=
| safety =
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| fleetnumbers = 6050-6079
| officialname = nil
| nicknames =
| axleloadclass =
| locale = [[ Western Railway zone]]
| deliverydate = 1961
| firstrundate = 1962
| lastrundate = February 1998
| withdrawndate = February 1998
| preservedunits = 2 (6073, 6074)
| restoredate =
| scrapdate = 1999
| currentowner =
| disposition = All except 2 units have been scrapped
| notes =
}}
The Indian locomotive class '''YDM-3''' is a class of [[Diesel electric locomotive|diesel-electric]] locomotive that was developed in 1964 by [[GM-EMD]] for [[Indian Railways]]. The model name stands for [[Metre-gauge railway|Metre gauge]] (Y), Diesel (D), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 3rd generation (3). They entered service in 1962. A total of 30 YDM-3 locomotives was built between 1961 and 1962.

The YDM-3 served both passenger and freight trains for over 35 years. As of January 2020, all 30 locomotives have been withdrawn from service with two locomotives being preserved.

== History ==
The history of YDM-3 begins in the early 1960s with the stated aim of the [[Indian Railways]] to remove [[Steam locomotive|steam locomotives]] from Indian rails after recommendation of Karnail Singh Fuel Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Report of the expert Committee on Coal Consumption on Railways, 1958|url=http://www.indianculture.gov.in/report-expert-committee-coal-consumption-railways-1958|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref> Therefore, required building a large number of Meter gauge diesel locomotives. Thus Indian Railways began looking at various [[Diesel-electric train|diesel-electric]] designs. EMD gave them the model number GA12<ref>{{Cite web|title=TargetPreview_GA12Indien|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Models/TargetPreview_GA12Indien.jpg.html|website=www.irfca.org|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

Meter gauge, though rare gauge today, used to be a dominant gauge that time. After the introduction of YDM-1 locomotives by [[North British Locomotive Company|North British]], Indian Railway thought for more powerful ones and hence EMD and the [[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO) submitted designs of YDM-3/[[Indian locomotive class YDM-5|YDM-5]] ([[EMD 567|12-567C]]) and [[Indian locomotive class YDM-4|YDM-4]] respectively for new diesel locomotives. Each company supplied their locomotives in 1961. So about twenty five of these YDM-5 locomotives were ordered from General Motors, USA in the year 1963–64. While YDM-3 was 13 ton lighter than the YDM-4, Indian Railways opted for the ALCO design.<ref name="IRFCA">{{cite web|title=YDM–4, YDM–4A|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco-diesel-mg.html|publisher=Indian Railways Fan Club|access-date=March 29, 2016}}</ref>

The YDM-4 was considered over the YDM-3 model because of these reasons.

* EMD would not consider transfer of technology at the time while ALCO accepted. This allowed YDM-4 locomotives to be manufactured in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of DLW,varanasi|url=https://dlw.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,294,702}}</ref>
* The EMD locomotives were able to generate only half as much continuous tractive effort than their ALCO counterpart.
* The ALCO YDM-4 had the more heavier axle load.
* YDM-4 cab provided better view in long hood forward operation over the YDM-3 models which had cab at one end.<ref>{{Cite web|title=YDM-5 Long Hood View|url=http://www.trainweb.org/railworld/Trip%202001/DLW/ydm5_2.jpg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=YDM-5 Long Hood view 2|url=http://www.trainweb.org/railworld/Trip%202001/DLW/ydm5_2_1.jpg}}</ref>
* Maximum speed on YDM-5 locomotives was only 80kmph compared to 100kmph for YDM-4.<ref name="RDSO">{{cite web|title=YDM4 Loco Max Operating Speed 85 kmph|url=http://www.rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/19_08_67.pdf|author=RDSO|date=19 August 1967|publisher=Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO)|access-date=March 29, 2016}}</ref>
* YDM-4 with its simpler electrics were easier to maintain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=YDM-5 maintenance book, refer YDM-4 Section|url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris/uploads/files/1552994785415-White%20Manual.pdf}}</ref>

These locomotives are designed for mixed traffic operation. The initial fleet of ''YDM-3'' locomotives were allocated and homed at the diesel locomotive shed in Siliguri and were tested extensively on the Northeast Frontier Railway zone ([[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|NFR]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siliguri history|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/mec_engg/downloads/DLS/nfr/Siliguri.pdf}}</ref> Then the entire YDM-3 fleet was transferred to Sabarmati sometime after 1963. [[Diesel Loco Shed, Sabarmati|Sabarmati]] serving the present day [[Western Railway zone]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sabarmati|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/mec_engg/downloads/DLS/WR/Sabarmati.pdf}}</ref> They hauled passenger trains like [[Somnath Superfast Express|Girnar Express]], [[Jaipur Superfast Express|Pink City]] express, [[Ashram Express|Ashram express]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Parallel Metre Gauge and Broad Gauge trains - Saurashtra Mail (July 1992)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLz3WaNcw6w|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> The YDM-3 locomotives had an unusual arrangement for the traction motors. These were mounted longitudinally on the mainframe and drove the wheel-sets through cardan shafts. This required a lot of maintenance, possibly more than the axle-hung motors of the YDM-4 types. But In cab-forward mode, the YDM-3 locomotives offered an excellent view, and the cabin was more spacious than the YDM-4.

By the late 1990s the locomotives were had been withdrawn from service, all because of spare parts becoming difficult to source and work for the class declining due to conversion of meter gauge to [[Broad-gauge railway|broad gauge]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Part 6|url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history6.html|website=www.irfca.org|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref> These locomotives were withdrawn as life-expired in February 1996, and the remainder of the batch that had not recently been overhauled followed in the next two years. All 30 were withdrawn.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EMD Export|url=http://emdexport.railfan.net/asia/india4.html|website=emdexport.railfan.net|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>

== Preserved Locomotives ==
Out of the 25 units built, only one locomotive has been preserved in front of [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]] GM office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ydm3.jpg|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Locos/Diesel/ydm4/ydm3.jpg.html|website=www.irfca.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ministry of Railways (Railway Board)|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,366,1706|website=www.indianrailways.gov.in|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=preserve loco list|url=https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1L7PMD3GYsSQibjrOjIk9dpekeDi7Gp9u}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=P1060839|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/P1060839.jpg.html|website=www.irfca.org|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Manufacturer
!Loco Number
!Previous shed
!Name
!LIvery
!Location
!ref
|-
|YDM-3
|GM-EMD
|6073
|Sabarmati(SBI)
|
|Maroon with yellow band & stripe
|Plinthed at DLW, Varanasi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Sabarmati (SBI) YDM-3 6073 Show|url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/show/288?list_type=preserved|website=www.irfca.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>
|-
|YDM-3
|GM-EMD
|6074
|Sabarmati(SBI)
|
|Maroon with yellow band & stripe
|Plinthed in front of DLW GM Office
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Sabarmati (SBI) YDM-3 6074 Show|url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/show/289?list_type=preserved|website=www.irfca.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>
|}

== Former sheds ==

* [[Siliguri Junction railway station|Silliguri]] (SGUJ)
* [[Diesel Loco Shed, Sabarmati|Sabarmati]] (SBI)
* All the locomotives of this class has been withdrawn from service.

== Technical specifications<ref>{{cite web|title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Locomotives -- Specific classes : AC Electric|url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-loco2d.html#wdm-2|website=www.irfca.org}}</ref> ==
{| class="wikitable"
|Manufacturers
|GM-EMD
|-
|Engine
|They are powered by a single 12-cylinders, 2-stroke EMD 567C type diesel engine capable of developing 1390 hp at 800 RPM under SAE standard conditions.
|-
|Transmission
|The locomotives are equipped with Electric Transmission consisting of one EMD make D-25 Direct Current main generator and two EMU make D 69 MC direct current
|-
|[[Traction motor|Traction motors]]
|The traction motors are series-wound, underframe mounted traction motors and are forced ventilated. The final drive is through reduction gear with universal joint drive shafts.
|-
|Brakes
|Compressed air and Rheostatic brake system is provided for the locomotive and vacuum brake equipment is installed for the train braking.
|-
|Engine Cooling
|Engine cooling arrangement consists of Street drive centrifugal water pump on the engine with the radiator and cooling ran located at the governor end of engine.

Automatic water temp. control is provided through thermostatically controlled modulating type by-pass valve.
|-
|[[Axle load]]
|{{convert|11.0|t||abbr=on}}
|-
|total weight
|{{convert|58.5|t||abbr=on}}
|-
|[[Bogie|Bogies]]
|GM Fexicoil Bogies
|-
|Starting TE
|{{convert|14.300|t||abbr=on}}
|-
|Continuous TE
|{{convert|11.25|t||abbr=on}}
|}

== See also ==

* I[[Indian locomotive class YDM-5]]
* [[Indian locomotive class WDM-4]]
* [[Locomotives of India]]
* [[History of rail transport in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* [http://www.irfca.org/docs/ydm4-internals.html YDM-4 Diesel Locomotive Internals]

{{Metre gauge locomotives of India|state=expanded}}
{{EMD misc|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Electro-Motive Division locomotives]]
[[Category:Diesel-electric locomotives of India|M, Y-3]]
[[Category:1-B-B-1 locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1961]]
[[Category:Metre gauge diesel locomotives]]

Indian locomotive class YDM-3 - Revision history

>Iridescent 2 at 17:52, 2 April 2021