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<p></p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Indian convention of naming large numbers}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=January 2018}}<br /> {{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> The &#039;&#039;&#039;Indian numbering system&#039;&#039;&#039; is used in [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], [[Sri Lanka]], and [[Bangladesh]] to express large numbers, which differs from the [[International System of Units]]. Commonly used quantities include &#039;&#039;[[lakh]]&#039;&#039; (one hundred thousand, 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;) and &#039;&#039;[[crore]]&#039;&#039; (ten million, 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;) {{endash}} written as 1,00,000 and 1,00,00,000 respectively in some [[Locale (geographic)|locales]].&lt;ref name=&quot;nroer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Knowing our Numbers|url=http://nroer.gov.in/nroer_team/file/readDoc/55b23f2881fccb054b6be25f/|website=Department Of School Education And Literacy|publisher=National Repository of Open Educational Resources|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216163129/http://nroer.gov.in/nroer_team/file/readDoc/55b23f2881fccb054b6be25f/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example: 150,000 [[rupee]]s is &quot;1.5 &#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039; rupees&quot; which can be written as &quot;1,50,000 rupees&quot;, and 30,000,000 (thirty million) rupees is referred to as &quot;3 &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039; rupees&quot; which can be written as &quot;3,00,00,000 rupees&quot;. <br /> <br /> There are names for numbers larger than &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;, but they are less commonly used. These include &#039;&#039;arab&#039;&#039; (100 &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;, 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;), &#039;&#039;kharab&#039;&#039; (100 &#039;&#039;arab&#039;&#039;, 10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;), &#039;&#039;nil&#039;&#039; or sometimes [[Devanagari transliteration|transliterated]] as &#039;&#039;neel&#039;&#039; (100 kharab, 10&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;), &#039;&#039;padma&#039;&#039; (100 nil, 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;), &#039;&#039;shankh&#039;&#039; (100 padma, 10&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;), and &#039;&#039;mahashankh&#039;&#039; (100 shankh, 10&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt;). In common parlance (though inconsistent), the &#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039; terminology repeats for larger numbers. Thus &#039;&#039;lakh crore&#039;&#039; is 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;.<br /> <br /> In the ancient Indian system, still in use in regional languages of India, there are words for{{Clarify|date=July 2025}} (10&lt;sup&gt;62&lt;/sup&gt;). These names respectively starting at 1000 are &#039;&#039;sahasra&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;ayuta&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;laksha&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;niyuta&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;koti&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;arbhudha&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;abhja&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;karva&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;nikarva&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;mahapadma&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;shanmkhu&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;jaladhi&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;amtya&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;madhya&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;paraardha&#039;&#039;. In the Indian system, now prevalent in the northern parts,{{Clarify|date=December 2023|reason=northern parts of what?}} the next powers of ten are one &#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039;, ten &#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039;, one &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;, ten &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;, one &#039;&#039;arab&#039;&#039; (or one hundred &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;), and so on.<br /> <br /> ==Multiples==<br /> <br /> The Indian system is [[decimal]] (base-10), same as in the [[International System of Units]], and the first five [[orders of magnitude]] are named in a similar way: one (10&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;), ten (10&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;), one hundred (10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), one thousand (10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), and ten thousand (10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;). For higher powers of ten, naming diverges. The Indian system uses names for every &#039;&#039;second&#039;&#039; power of ten: &#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039; (10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;), &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039; (10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;), &#039;&#039;arab&#039;&#039; (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;), &#039;&#039;kharab&#039;&#039; (10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;), etc. In the [[long and short scales]], there are names for every &#039;&#039;third&#039;&#039; power of ten. The short scale uses million (10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;), billion (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;), trillion (10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;), etc.<br /> <br /> ==Decimal formatting==<br /> <br /> The Indian system groups digits of a large decimal is represented differently than the [[International System of Units]]. The Indian system does group the first three digits to the left of the decimal point, but thereafter, groups by two digits to align with the naming of quantities at multiples of 100.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-numbers.html#Special_Pattern_Characters|title=UNICODE LOCALE DATA MARKUP LANGUAGE (LDML) PART 3: NUMBERS|last=Emmons|first=John|date=2018-03-25|website=Unicode.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725183458/https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-numbers.html#Special_Pattern_Characters|archive-date=2018-07-25|url-status=live|access-date=2018-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;clear:both;margin:1em auto;text-align:left&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Indian<br /> !International <br /> |-<br /> |5,00,000<br /> |500,000<br /> |-<br /> |12,34,56,789<br /> |123,456,789<br /> |-<br /> |17,00,00,00,000<br /> |17,000,000,000<br /> |-<br /> |6,78,90,00,00,00,00,000<br /> |6,789,000,000,000,000<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Like English and other locales, the Indian system uses a [[Period (punctuation)|period]] as the [[decimal separator]] and the [[comma (punctuation)|comma]] for grouping, while others use a comma for decimal separator and a [[thin space]] or point to group digits.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Decimal and Thousands Separators (International Language Environments Guide) |url=https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-0169/overview-9/index.html |website=docs.oracle.com |access-date=29 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation in English==<br /> When speakers of indigenous Indian languages are speaking English, the pronunciations may be closer to their mother tongue (e.g. &quot;lakh&quot; and &quot;crore&quot; might be pronounced /lɑkʰ/, /kɑrɔːr/, respectively).<br /> <br /> * lakh /lɑːkʰ/<br /> * crore /kɹɔːɹ/ (or /kɹoʊɹ/ in American English)<br /> * arab /ʌˈɾʌb/<br /> * kharab /kʰʌˈɾʌb/<br /> <br /> == Names of numbers ==<br /> The table below includes the spelling and pronunciation of numbers in various Indian languages along with corresponding short scale names.<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;overflow:auto&quot;&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;clear:both;margin:1em auto;text-align:left&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Value<br /> !Numerals<br /> ! Short scale<br /> ! Indian English<br /> ! [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|[[Hindi]] / [[Urdu]]}}<br /> ! [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> ! [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<br /> ! [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> ! [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 1<br /> |1<br /> | one<br /> | one<br /> | {{lang|hi|एक}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|ایک}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|ēk}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ēk}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3.5em;&quot;| {{lang|bn|এক}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|êk}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|एक}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ne|ISO|ēk}})<br /> | {{lang|ta|ஒன்று}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|oṉṟu}})<br /> | {{lang|te|ఒకటి}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|okaṭi}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10<br /> |10<br /> | ten<br /> | ten<br /> | {{lang|hi|दस}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|دس}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|das}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|दहा}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|dahā}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3.5em;&quot;| {{lang|bn|দশ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|dôś}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|दश}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ne|ISO|daś}})<br /> | {{lang|ta|பத்து}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|pattu}})<br /> | {{lang|te|పది}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|padi}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |100<br /> | hundred<br /> | hundred<br /> | {{lang|hi|सौ}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|سو}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|sau}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|शंभर}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|śambhar}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3.5em;&quot;| {{lang|bn|শত}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|śato}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|सय}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ne|ISO|saya}})<br /> | {{lang|ta|நூறு}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|nūṟu}})<br /> | {{lang|te|వంద/నూరు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|vanda/nūru}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1,000<br /> | thousand<br /> | thousand<br /> | हज़ार / {{lang|ur|{{nq|ہزار}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|hazār}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक हजार}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ēk hajār}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3.5em;&quot;| {{lang|bn|হাজার}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|hāzār}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|एक हजार}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|ēk hajār}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|ஆயிரம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|āyiram}})<br /> | {{lang|te|వెయ్యి}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|veyyi}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |10,000<br /> | ten thousand<br /> | ten thousand<br /> | {{lang|hi|दस हज़ार}} / {{nowrap|{{lang|ur|{{nq|دس ہزار}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|das hazār}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|दहा हजार}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|dahā hajār}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|অযুত}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|ōjut}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid solid solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|দশ হাজার}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|dôś hāzār}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|दश हजार}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|daś hajār}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|பத்தாயிரம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|pattāyiram}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|ta|ஆயுதம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|āyutam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|పది వేలు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|padi vēlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1,00,000<br /> | hundred thousand<br /> | &#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|लाख}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|لاکھ}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|lākh}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक लाख}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ēk lākh}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|লক্ষ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|lôkkhō}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid solid solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|লাখ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|lākh}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|एक लाख}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|ēk lākh}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|இலட்சம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|ilaṭcam}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|ta|நியுதம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|niyutam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|లక్ష}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|lakṣa}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |10,00,000<br /> | million<br /> | ten{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|दस लाख}} / {{nowrap|{{lang|ur|{{nq|دس لاکھ}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|das lākh}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|दहा लाख}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|dahā lākh}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|নিযুত}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|nijut}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid solid solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|দশ লাখ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|dôś lākh}})&lt;br&gt;<br /> | {{lang|ne|दश लाख}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|daś lākh}})}}<br /> | {{nowrap|{{lang|ta|பத்து இலட்சம்}}}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ta|ISO|pattu ilaṭcam}})}}<br /> | {{nowrap|{{lang|te|పది లక్షలు}}}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|te|ISO|padi lakṣalu}})}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1,00,00,000<br /> | ten million<br /> | &#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|करोड़}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|کروڑ}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|karōṛ}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक कोटी}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ēk kōṭī}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding-left: 3.5em;&quot;| {{lang|bn|কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|एक करोड}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ne|ISO|ēk karoḍ}})<br /> | {{lang|ta|கோடி}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|te|కోటి}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|kōṭi}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |10,00,00,000<br /> | hundred million<br /> | ten{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|दस करोड़}} / {{nowrap|{{lang|ur|{{nq|دس کروڑ}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|das karōṛ}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|दहा कोटी}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|dahā kōṭī}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|অর্বুদ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|ōrbud}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid solid solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|দশ কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|dôś kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|दश करोड}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|daś karoḍ}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|அற்புதம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|aṟputam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|పది కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|padi kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1,00,00,00,000<br /> | billion<br /> | &#039;&#039;{{not a typo|arab}}&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ hundred{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|अरब}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|ارب}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|arab}})&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|{{lang|hi|सौ करोड़}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|سو کروڑ}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|sau karōṛ}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक अब्ज}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ēk abja}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|মহার্বুদ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|môhārbud}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid solid solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|একশ কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|êkśō kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|एक अर्ब}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|ēk arba}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|நிகற்புதம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|nikaṟputam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|వంద కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|vanda kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |10,00,00,00,000<br /> | ten billion<br /> | ten{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;{{not a typo|arab}}&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ thousand{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{nowrap|{{lang|hi|दस अरब}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|دس ارب}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|das arab}})&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|{{lang|hi|एक हज़ार करोड़}}}} / {{nowrap|{{lang|ur|{{nq|ایک ہزار کروڑ}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|ēk hazār karōṛ}})<br /> | एक खर्व&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ek kharva}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid dashed;&quot;| {{lang|bn|খর্ব}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|khôrbō}})<br /> |style=&quot;border-style:solid solid solid dashed;&quot;| {{nowrap|{{lang|bn|হাজার কোটি}}}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|bn|ISO|hāzār kōṭi}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ne|दश अर्ब}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|daś arba}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|கும்பம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|kumpam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|వెయ్యి కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|veyyi kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1,00,00,00,00,000<br /> | hundred billion<br /> | &#039;&#039;kharab&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ hundred{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;{{not a typo|arab}}&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ ten{{nbsp}}thousand{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|खरब}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|کھرب}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|kharab}})<br /> | एक {{lang|mr|निखर्व}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ek nikharva}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{lang|bn|মহাখর্ব}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|môhākhôrbō}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|bn|দশ হাজার কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|dôś hājār kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|एक खर्ब}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|ēk kharba}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|கணம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|kaṇam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|పది వేల కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|padi vēla kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |10,00,00,00,00,000<br /> | trillion<br /> | ten{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;kharab&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ one{{nbsp}}thousand{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;{{not a typo|arab}}&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ {{Anchor|lakh crore}}one{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;lakh{{nbsp}}crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{nowrap|{{lang|hi|दस खरब}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|دس کھرب}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|das kharab}})&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|{{lang|hi|एक लाख करोड़}}}} / {{nowrap|{{lang|ur|{{nq|ایک لاکھ کروڑ}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|ēk lākh karōṛ}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक पद्म}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ēk padma}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{lang|bn|শঙ্খ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|śôṅkhō}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|bn|লাখ কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|lākh kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|दश खर्ब}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|daś kharba}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|கற்பம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|kaṟpam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|లక్ష కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|lakṣa kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1,00,00,00,00,00,000<br /> | ten trillion<br /> | &#039;&#039;nil&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ hundred{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;kharab&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ ten{{nbsp}}thousand{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;{{not a typo|arab}}&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ ten{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;lakh{{nbsp}}crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|नील}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|نیل}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|nīl}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक महापद्म}}&lt;br&gt;(ek mahāpadma)<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{lang|bn|মহাশঙ্খ}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|môhāśôṅkhō}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|bn|দশ লাখ কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|dôś lākh kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|नील}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ne|ISO|nīl}})<br /> | {{lang|ta|நிகற்பம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|nikaṟpam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|పది లక్షల కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|padi lakṣala kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |10,00,00,00,00,00,000<br /> | hundred trillion<br /> | ten{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;nil&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ &#039;&#039;crore{{nbsp}}crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{nowrap|{{lang|hi|दस नील}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|دس نیل}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|das nīl}})&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|{{lang|hi|एक करोड़ करोड़}}}} / {{nowrap|{{lang|ur|{{nq|ایک کروڑ کروڑ}}}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|ēk karōṛ karōṛ}})<br /> | {{lang|mr|एक शंखू}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|mr|ISO|ēk śaṅkhū}})<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{lang|bn|পদ্ম}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|pôddō}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|bn|একশ লাখ কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|êkśō lākh kōṭi}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|bn|শতলক্ষ কোটি }}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|śôtôkōṭi lôkkō}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|दश नील}}&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|({{translit|ne|ISO|daś nīl}})}}<br /> | {{lang|ta|பதுமம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|patumam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|కోటి కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|kōṭi kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1,00,00,00,00,00,00,000<br /> | quadrillion<br /> | &#039;&#039;padma&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ hundred{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;nil&#039;&#039;{{nbsp}}/ ten{{nbsp}}&#039;&#039;crore{{nbsp}}crore&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|पद्म}} / {{lang|ur|{{nq|پدم}}}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|hi|ISO|padma}})<br /> |एक जलधि शंखू&lt;br&gt;(eka jaladhi śaṅkhū)<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{lang|bn|মহাপদ্ম}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|môhāpôddō}})&lt;br&gt;{{lang|bn|হাজার লাখ কোটি}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|bn|ISO|hāzār lākh kōṭi}})<br /> | {{lang|ne|पद्म}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ne|ISO|padma}})<br /> | {{lang|ta|சங்கம்}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|ta|ISO|caṅkam}})<br /> | {{lang|te|పది కోట్ల కోట్లు}}&lt;br&gt;({{translit|te|ISO|padi kōṭla kōṭlu}})<br /> |-<br /> |}&lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Historic numbering systems==<br /> <br /> ===Numbering systems in Hindu epics===<br /> There are various systems of numeration found in various ancient epic literature of India (&#039;&#039;[[itihasa]]s&#039;&#039;). The following table gives one such system used in the Valmiki [[Ramayana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Valmiki Ramayana - Yuddha Kanda, Chapter (Sarga) 28,(Verses 33 – 38)|url= http://valmikiramayan.pcriot.com/utf8/yuddha/sarga28/yuddha_28_frame.htm|access-date=2021-07-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;clear:both;margin:1em auto;text-align:left&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Indian decimal<br /> ! Value<br /> ! Short scale<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|एक}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|ēka}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;{{0|0,00,00}}1&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 1<br /> | one<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|दश}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|daśa}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;{{0|0,00,0}}10&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10<br /> | ten<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|शत}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|śata}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;{{0|0,00,}}100&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | hundred<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|सहस्र}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|sahasra}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;{{0|0,0}}1,000&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | thousand<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|लक्ष}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|lakṣa}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | hundred thousand<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|कोटि}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|kōṭi}}&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,00,000&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | ten million<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|शङ्कु}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|śaṅku}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|koṭi}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | trillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|महाशङ्कु}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|mahāśaṅku}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|śaṅku}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | hundred quadrillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|वृन्द}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|vr̥nda}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|mahāśaṅku}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | ten sextillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|महावृन्द}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|mahāvr̥nda}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|vr̥nda}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;27&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | octillion<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|sa|पद्म}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|padma}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|mahāvr̥nda}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;32&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | hundred nonillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|महापद्म}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|mahāpadma}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|padma}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;37&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | ten undecillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|खर्व}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|kharva}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|mahāpadma}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;42&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | tredecillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|महाखर्व}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|mahākharva}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|kharva}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;47&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | hundred quattuordecillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|समुद्र}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|samudra}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|mahākharva}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;52&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | ten sexdecillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|ओघ}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|ogha}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|samudra}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;57&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | octodecillion<br /> |-<br /> | {{lang|sa|महौघ}} (&#039;&#039;{{translit|sa|ISO|mahaugha}}&#039;&#039;)<br /> | &lt;small&gt;1,00,000 {{translit|sa|ISO|ogha}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;62&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | hundred novemdecillion<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Other numbering systems ===<br /> The denominations by which land was measured in the [[Kumaon Kingdom]] were based on arable lands and thus followed an approximate system with local variations. The most common of these was a [[vigesimal]] (base-20) numbering system with the main denomination called a &#039;&#039;bisi&#039;&#039; (see [[Hindustani numerals|Hindustani number &#039;&#039;bīs&#039;&#039;]]), which corresponded to the land required to sow 20 &#039;&#039;nalis&#039;&#039; of seed. Consequently, its actual land measure varied based on the quality of the soil.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Traill |first=G.W. |editor-last=Batten |editor-first=J.H. |title=Statistical Sketch of Kamaon |publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |date=1828 |page=34 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.53201/page/n48/mode/1up?q=bisi}}&lt;/ref&gt; This system became the established norm in Kumaon by 1891.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=North Indian Notes and Queries |publisher=Pioneer Press |date=1891 |page=216 |volume=1-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5gsAAAAMAAJ&amp;dq=bisi+twenty+base+counting+system+india&amp;pg=PA216 |website=Google Books }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Usage in different languages==<br /> {{main|lakh|crore}}<br /> Below is a list of translations for the words lakh and crore in other languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+ Usage of lakh and crore in other Indic languages<br /> |-<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Lakh<br /> ! Crore<br /> ! 100 crores (a billion)<br /> ! 1000 crores (10 billion)<br /> ! 10,000 crores (100 billion)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Assamese language|Assamese]]<br /> | {{lang|as|লক্ষ}} &#039;&#039;lokhyo&#039;&#039;, or {{lang|as|লাখ}} &#039;&#039;lakh&#039;&#039; <br /> | {{lang|as|কৌটি}} &#039;&#039;kouti&#039;&#039;, or {{lang|as|কোটি}} &#039;&#039;koti&#039;&#039;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | {{lang|bn|লাখ}} &#039;&#039;lākh&#039;&#039;{{efn|Tadbhava}}, or {{lang|bn|লক্ষ}} &#039;&#039;lokkho&#039;&#039;{{efn|Ardha-tatsama}}<br /> | {{lang|bn|কোটি}} &#039;&#039;kōṭi&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Burmese language|Burmese]]<br /> | lakh{{efn|in [[Burmese English]]}}<br /> | {{lang|my|ကုဋေ}} {{IPA|my|ɡədè|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]]<br /> | ލައްކަ &#039;&#039;la&#039;kha&#039;&#039;<br /> | ކްރޯރް &#039;&#039;kroaru&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br /> | {{lang|gu|લાખ}} &#039;&#039;lākh&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|gu|કરોડ}} &#039;&#039;karoḍ&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|gu|અબજ}} &#039;&#039;abaj&#039;&#039;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | {{lang|hi|लाख}} &#039;&#039;lākh&#039;&#039; <br /> | {{lang|hi|करोड}} &#039;&#039;karoḍ&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|hi|अरब}} &#039;&#039;arab&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kannada language|Kannada]]<br /> | {{lang|kn|ಲಕ್ಷ}} &#039;&#039;lakṣha&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|kn|ಕೋಟಿ}} &#039;&#039;kōṭi&#039;&#039;<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Khasi language|Khasi]]<br /> | &#039;&#039;lak&#039;&#039;<br /> | &#039;&#039;klur&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;krur&#039;&#039;<br /> | &#039;&#039;arab&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{n/a}}<br /> | &#039;&#039;kharab&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]<br /> | {{Lang|ml|ലക്ഷം}} &#039;&#039;laksham&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{Lang|ml|കോടി}} &#039;&#039;kodi&#039;&#039;<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | {{Lang|mr|लाख/लक्ष }} &#039;&#039;lākh&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{Lang|mr|कोटी}} &#039;&#039;koṭi&#039;&#039;, or {{Lang|mr|करोड}} &#039;&#039;karoḍ&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{Lang|mr|अब्ज}} &#039;&#039;abja&#039;&#039;<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<br /> | {{Lang|ne|लाख}} &#039;&#039;lākh&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|ne|करोड}} &#039;&#039;karoḍ&#039;&#039;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Odia language|Odia]]<br /> | {{lang|or|ଲକ୍ଷ}} &#039;&#039;lôkhyô&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|or|କୋଟି}} &#039;&#039;koṭi&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | &#039;&#039;lakkh&#039;&#039; ([[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|ਲੱਖ}}, [[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|{{nastaliq|لکھ}}}})<br /> | &#039;&#039;karoṛ&#039;&#039; ([[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|ਕਰੋੜ}}, [[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|کروڑ}}}})<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rohingya language|Rohingya]]<br /> | &#039;&#039;lák&#039;&#039;<br /> | &#039;&#039;kurul&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{n/a}}<br /> | &#039;&#039;kuthí&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]]<br /> | {{lang|si|ලක්ෂ}} {{translit|si|lakṣa}} <br /> | {{lang|si|කෝටි}} {{translit|si|kōṭi}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | {{Lang|ta|இலட்சம்}} &#039;&#039;ilaṭcam&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{Lang|ta|கோடி}} &#039;&#039;kōṭi&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | {{Lang|te|లక్ష}} &#039;&#039;lakṣha&#039;&#039; <br /> | {{Lang|te|కోటి}} &#039;&#039;kōṭi&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Urdu language|Urdu]]<br /> | {{lang|ur|{{nq|لاکھ}}}} &#039;&#039;lākh&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|ur|{{nq|کروڑ}}}} &#039;&#039;karoṛ&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{lang|ur|{{nq|ارب}}}} &#039;&#039;arab&#039;&#039;<br /> | {{n/a}}<br /> | {{lang|ur|{{nq|کھرب}}}} &#039;&#039;kharab&#039;&#039;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Swahili language|Swahili]]<br /> | {{lang|sw|laki}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; {{n/a}}<br /> |} <br /> <br /> Formal written publications in English in India tend to use lakh/crore for Indian currency and International numbering for foreign currencies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Shapiro, Richard&lt;!--Employee as per https://www.oed.com/public/oedstaff/staff-of-the-oxford-english-dictionary/loginpage--&gt;|url=https://public.oed.com/blog/the-most-distinctive-counting-system-in-english-indian-cardinal-numbers/|title=The most distinctive counting system in English? Indian cardinal numbers|publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|date=2012-08-16|access-date=2020-05-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630011705/https://public.oed.com/blog/the-most-distinctive-counting-system-in-english-indian-cardinal-numbers/ |archive-date= Jun 30, 2020 }} Shapiro is/was an OED employee. The article states: &quot;The opinions and other information contained in the OED blog posts and comments do not necessarily reflect the opinions or positions of [[Oxford University Press]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Current usage ==<br /> The official usage of this system is limited to the nations of [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]]. It is universally employed within these countries, and is preferred to the International numbering system.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hey! Who Can Explain What India Does With Its Commas? (Not Commies. Commas.) |last1=Krulwich|first1=Robert|last2=Block|first2=Ezra|date=21 October 2010|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2010/10/19/130674804/counting-millionaire-india|access-date=2020-08-03|website=[[NPR]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Nepal]] used this system in the past but has switched to the International numbering system in recent years. In the [[Maldives]], the term lakh is widely used in official documents and local speech. However, the [[International System of Units]] is preferred for higher denominations (such as millions).{{cn|date=May 2025}}<br /> <br /> Most institutions and citizens in India use the Indian number system. The [[Reserve Bank of India]] was noted as a rare exception in 2015,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Gurpur|date=10 August 2015|title=Can we follow Indian numbering system for simplicity and good order?|url=https://www.moneylife.in/article/can-we-follow-indian-numbering-system-for-simplicity-and-good-order/43059.html|website=Moneylife News &amp; Views|access-date=3 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; whereas by 2024 the Indian system was used for amounts in rupees and the International system for foreign currencies throughout the Reserve Bank&#039;s website.&lt;ref&gt;[[Reserve Bank of India]], [https://www.rbi.org.in/ old] and [https://website.rbi.org.in/ new website] (known on archive.org since 5 Apr 2024). Retrieved 16 Apr 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Scientific notation]]<br /> * [[Japanese_numerals|Japanese notation]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ;Notes<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ;References<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Numerals]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mathematics|Numbering system]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of India|Numbering system]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of Pakistan|Numbering system]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of Nepal|Numbering system]]<br /> [[Category:Numeral systems]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of Bangladesh]]</div>

Krrissh