UpdateBot at 07:26, 20 November 2021

2021-11-20T07:26:45Z

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{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Indirana_leithii_from_Matheran,_India.jpg
| image_caption = Female ''Indirana leithii'' from [[Matheran]]
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, Anand Padhye, Robert Inger |date=2004 |title=''Indirana leithii'' |volume=2004 |page=e.T58311A11763222 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58311A11763222.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>
| name = Leith's leaping frog<br/>''Indirana leithii''
| genus = Indirana
| species = leithii
| authority = ([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1888)<ref>{{cite journal| url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25123555 |author=Boulenger, G.A. |year= 1888| title= Descriptions of two new Indian species of Rana| journal= Annals and Magazine of Natural History|series= 6| volume=2|pages=506–508}}</ref>
| range_map = Indirana leithii map-fr.svg
| synonyms = {{Species list
| Rana leithii | Boulenger, 1888
| Ranixalus leithii | (Boulenger, 1888)}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

'''''Indirana leithii''''' ('''Leith's leaping frog''', '''Leith's frog''', '''Boulenger's brown frog''', '''Matheran leaping frog''', or '''Matheran Indian frog''') is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Ranixalidae]].<ref name=Frost/> It is [[endemic]] to the northern [[Western Ghats]] of India. As currently defined, its range is restricted to the states of [[Maharashtra]] and southern [[Gujarat]]; earlier records elsewhere refer to other species.<ref name=Frost/><ref name="Modak et al. 2014"/><ref name="Dahanukar et al. 2016"/>

==Etymology==
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''leithii'' honours [[Andrew Henderson Leith]], a physician who worked as Sanitary Commissioner in Bombay.<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013"/>

==Description==
Adult males measure {{convert|19|-|29|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and adult females {{convert|24|-|36|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length.<ref name="Modak et al. 2014"/> The [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] is two-thirds of the eye diameter; a strong supra-tympanic fold runs from the eye to the shoulder. The fingers and toes bear enlarged discs; the toes are two-thirds webbed. Dorsal skin is rough with number of folds. Colouration is brownish with many, closely set black spots. The limbs are cross-barred. The venter is white while the throat is finely mottled with brown.<ref name="Venkataraman et al. 2013"/>

The following description is adopted from [[George Albert Boulenger]]'s "Fauna of British India":<ref name="Boulenger 1890"/>
<blockquote>[[Vomer]]ine teeth in two oblique groups are set just behind the level of the [[choanae]]. A free, pointed [[Lingual papillae|papilla]] sits on the middle of the tongue. The head is moderate; the snout is obtuse, with obtuse [[Canthus (herpetology)|canthus rostralis]] and concave loreal region; the nostril is nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye; the interorbital space is a little narrower than the upper eyelid; the tympanum is distinct, two thirds the diameter of the eye. The fingers are moderate, the first extending not quite as for as second; the toes are two-thirds webbed, the web reaching the disks of the third and fifth toes; tips of fingers and toes dilated into small but well-developed disks; subarticular tubercles moderate; a single, small, oval inner metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold is present. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches halfway between the eye and the end of the snout. The skin of the back has small scattered longitudinal warts; a strong fold runs from the eye to the shoulder. It is brown above, with small dark spots; limbs with dark transverse bands; lower parts white, throat mottled with brown. From snout to vent 1.25 inches.</blockquote>

==Habitat==
''Indirana leithii'' is a terrestrial species associated with leaf-litter of moist, tropical, semi-evergreen forest, including degraded forests.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> It occurs at elevations between {{convert|139|and|1329|m|abbr=on}} [[above sea level]].<ref name="Modak et al. 2014"/> Breeding takes place on wet rocks. The [[tadpole]]s can be found on moist surfaces next to streams.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" />

This species was included as "[[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]]" in the [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] in 2004. It is primarily threatened by the conversion of forested land to intensive agricultural use, but also by harvesting of wood for subsistence, road construction, and tourism are threats.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" />

==References==
{{Commons category|Indirana leithii}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013">{{cite book |last1 = Beolens | first1 = Bo | last2 = Watkins | first2 = Michael | last3 = Grayson | first3 = Michael |name-list-style=amp |title=The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QJY3BAAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PA122 |date=2013 |publisher=Pelagic Publishing |isbn=978-1-907807-42-8 |page=122}}</ref>

<ref name="Boulenger 1890">{{cite book| last = Boulenger| first = G. A. | title = Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma | volume = Reptilia and Batrachia | year = 1890 | pages = 570 pp | no-pp = y| publisher = Taylor and Francis | location = London | url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5490}} [''Rana leithii'': p. 453]</ref>

<ref name="Dahanukar et al. 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Dahanukar |first1=Neelesh |last2=Modak |first2=Nikhil |last3=Krutha |first3=Keerthi |last4=Nameer |first4=P. O. |last5=Padhye |first5=Anand D. |last6=Molur |first6=Sanjay |name-list-style=amp |title=Leaping frogs (Anura: Ranixalidae) of the Western Ghats of India: An integrated taxonomic review |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |date=2016 |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=9221–9288 |doi=10.11609/jott.2532.8.10.9221-9288|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Ranixalidae/Indirana/Indirana-leithii |title=''Indirana leithii'' (Boulenger, 1888) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2019 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Modak et al. 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Modak |first1=N. |last2=Padhye |first2=A. |last3=Dahanukar |first3=N. |name-list-style=amp |title=Delimiting the distribution range of ''Indirana leithii'' (Boulenger, 1888) (Anura: Ranixalidae), an endemic threatened anuran of the Western Ghats, based on molecular and morphological analysis |journal=Zootaxa |date=2014 |issue=3796 |pages=62–80 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3796.1.3 |pmid=24870665}}</ref>

<ref name="Venkataraman et al. 2013">{{cite book |editor1-last=Venkataraman| editor1-first= K.| editor2-last= Chattopadhyay| editor2-first= A.| editor3-last=Subramanian| editor3-first= K.A. |name-list-style=amp | date= 2013| title= Endemic Animals of India (Vertebrates) |publisher=Zoological Survey of India| location=Kolkata |pages=235+26 plates | url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301693197}} [''Indirana leithii'': p. 102]</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar |from=Q3060845}}

[[Category:Indirana|leithii]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1888]]
[[Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger]]

Indirana leithii - Revision history

UpdateBot at 07:26, 20 November 2021