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'''Indore gharana''' is one of the [[Vocal music|vocal]] [[gharana]]s of [[Indian classical music]]. It was founded by [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Opinion/Speaking_Tree/Stirring_Compassion_of_Cosmic_Vibration/articleshow/1955005.cms|title=Stirring Compassion of Cosmic Vibration|work=The Times of India}}</ref> who studied the styles of [[Abdul Wahid Khan]], [[Aman Ali Khan]], [[Rajab Ali Khan]] and [[Abdul Karim Khan]] and amalgamated their style.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://caferisko.ca/ak/smishra.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202181414/http://www.caferisko.ca/ak/smishra.html |archive-date=2008-12-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/23/stories/2005032300210300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504065625/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/03/23/stories/2005032300210300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2010|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title=Metro Plus Bangalore / Music : Beat Street|date=23 March 2005}}</ref>

Amir Khan grew up in [[Indore]], [[India]] but he did not like the factionalism inherent in the [[gharana]] tradition. In an interview to [[All India Radio|Akashvani]], [[Indore]], he said:
{{quote|In fact I want only one gharana in classical music, which should be termed as Hindustani Music, and it should have different departments. These are gharanas. If the main thing is kept in this form, then our mutual recriminations with respect to music will be reduced. Many separate styles were formed out of one style of a gharana, as in the case of languages. Many languages came out of one language, similarly styles and gharanas were formed in music. Nowadays, I am singing in the name of "Indore gharana".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://sites.google.com/site/amirkhanikhayal/indoregharanaofustadamirkhan | title=Indoregharanaofustadamirkhan - amirkhanikhayal}}</ref>}}

Performances in the Indore gharana are noted by the [[vilambit]] tempo in the style of [[Abdul Wahid Khan]], and the [[taan]]s reminiscent of [[Rajab Ali Khan]]. The merukhand structure is similar to that practiced by [[Aman Ali Khan]] of the [[Bhendibazaar gharana]]. The khayal gayaki in the 'Indore gharana' retains the slow development and restraint from frills as in the [[dhrupad]]. Mohan Nadkarni says of Amir Khan's music that whereas [[Bade Ghulam Ali Khan]]'s music was extroverted and exuberant, [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]]'s music was an introverted, dignified 'darbar' style<ref>Mohan Nadkarni, ''Great Masters: Profiles in Hindustani Classical Vocal Music'', Rupa 1999, 453 pages, {{ISBN|81-291-0561-6}}.</ref>

Amir Khan's conviction about the importance of poetry in khyal compositions (he used to compose under the pen name, Sur Rang), has also marked the singing of the 'Indore gharana'.

Characteristics of the Indore gharana include:

* slow-tempo raga development
* improvisation mostly in lower and middle octaves
* tendency towards serious and expansive (darbari) ragas
* emphasis on melody
* bol [[alap]] and sargam using [[merukhand]] patterns
* sparing application of [[murki]] and other embellishments to preserve introspective quality
* use of kan swaras ([[acciaccatura]]) in all parts of performance
* rare use of [[tihai]]
* careful enunciation of text of [[bandish]] - the bandish performance may or may not include antara
* multiple laya (tempo) [[Jati (music)|jatis]] in a single taan
* mixture of taan types in a single taan
* use of ruba'idar [[tarana]] (considered similar to chhota khyal)

After Amir Khan's death in a car accident in [[Kolkata]] in 1974, the "Indore gharana" has become a powerful stream in modern Hindustani music. Direct disciples of Amir Khan included [[Amar Nath|Pandith Amarnath]], Shankar Lal Mishra, Kankana Banerjee, Purvi Mukherjee, and others. However, a number of influential musicians including [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Sultan Khan]] (sarangi player) have developed their music under 'Indore gharana' influence.

==Prominent exponents==
* [[Amir Khan (singer)|Amir Khan]]
* [[Amar Nath|Pandit Amarnath]] (a disciple of Amir Khan)
* Shrikant Bakre{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
* [[Gokulotsavji Maharaj]]<ref name="Swarganga">{{cite web | url=http://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=64 | title=Swarganga | publisher=Swarganga | date=2015 | accessdate=February 5, 2015}}</ref>
* Ajit Singh Pental{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
* Mahendra Toke{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
* [[Singh Bandhu]]
* Kankana Banerjee <ref>http://www.kankanabanerjee.com</ref>
* Munir Khan (sarangi player){{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
* Ram Narayan (sarangi player){{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
* [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Sultan Khan]] (sarangi player)
* Shanti Sharma<ref>http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=189636</ref>
* Baldev Raj Verma <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panditbaldevrajverma.com/|title=Baldev Raj Verma, Delhi, India|publisher=panditbaldevrajverma.com}}</ref>
* Ramneek Singh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.RamneekSingh.Com|title=Ramneek Singh|publisher=RamneekSingh.Com}}</ref>
* Akhil Kumar Das<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.psbmforg.wix.com/psbmf | title=Pandit Shrikant Bakre Memorial Foundation}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Vocal gharanas]]
[[Category:Culture of Indore]]

Indore gharana - Revision history

>GreenC bot at 20:24, 21 April 2021