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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2017}}
'''Indrabhuti''' (alternatively King Ja) is a name attributed to a number of individuals that have become conflated in [[Vajrayana|Vajrayana Buddhism]]. One Indrabhuti, considered a [[Mahasiddha]], was a disciple of [[Lawapa]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tbrc-dlms.org/kb/tbrc-detail.xq;jsessionid=4A8DD7A30079F99A8B90D7F605BEC6E8?RID=P0RK287&wylie=n |title=TBRC P0RK287 |publisher=The Tibetan Buddhism Resource Center |year=2006 |accessdate=2008-03-22 |quote=kambha la pa}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==Identities of the king==
[[Samten Karmay]] attempted to identify the different personages known as Indrabhutai.<ref>Karmay, S. G. (1981). "King Tsa/Dza and Vajrayana." In Strickmann, M. (ed.), ''Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honour of R. A. Stein'', MCB 20 (1981), pp.192-211</ref>

==Conflation of Indrabhuti related to conflation of Oddiyana==
The matter of the conflation of Indrabhuti and at least one evocation of the historicity of a particular personage by that name is intimately connected with the location of '[[Oddiyana]]' (the locality denoted by the term 'Oddiyana' whether in each case cited is [[Swat Valley]] or [[Odisha]] or some other location is glossed with a suite of orthographic representations and near homophones which require further case-by-case examination and exploration), Odisha and the cult of [[Jaganath]] and a number of texts that inform the matter such as the ''[[Sadhanamala|Sādhanamālā]]'', ''[[Kalika purana|Kālikā Purāṇa]]'', ''[[Caturāsiti-siddha-Pravṛtti]]'', ''[[Jnanasiddhi|Jñānasiddhi]]'' as Donaldson (2001: p. 11) frames an overview of some of the debate and then ventures further salience:
<blockquote>In his argument, P. C. Bagchi states that there are two distinct series of names in Tibetan: (1) O-rgyān, U-rgyān, O-ḍi-yā-na, and (2) O-ḍi-vi-śā, with the first series connected with Indrabhūti, i.e., Oḍiyăna and Uḍḍiyāna, while the second series falls back on Oḍi and Oḍiviśa, i.e., Uḍra (Orissa) and has nothing to do with Indrabhūti. N.K. Sahu objects, however, and points out that these two sets of names are seldom distinguished in Buddhist Tantra literature, and opines that the words Oḍa, Oḍra, Uḍra, Oḍiviśa and Oḍiyāna are all used as variants of Uḍḍiyāna. In the ''Sādhanamālā'', he further points out, Uḍḍiyāna is also spelt as Oḍrayāna while in the ''Kālikā Purāṇa'', as indicated earlier, it is spelt either Uḍḍiyāna or Oḍra. There is also evidence, Sahu continues, that Indrabhūti is the king of Orissa rather than of the Swāt valley. The ''Caturāsiti-siddha-Pravṛtti'', for example, mentions him as the king of Oḍiviśa while Cordier, in his ''Bṣtān-ḥgyur'' catalogue, gives sufficient indications of his being the king of Orissa. Also, in his famous work ''Jñānasiddhi'', king Indrabhūti opens it with an invocation to Lord [[Jaganath|Jagannātha]], a deity intimately associated with Orissa and with no other area of India.<ref>Donaldson, Thomas E. (2001). 'Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa: Text', ''Volume 1 of Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts''. Abhinav Publications. {{ISBN|978-81-7017-375-5}}, Source: [https://books.google.com/books?id=DbxE8zOuRbUC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=indrabhuti+Sambalpur&source=bl&ots=ozL-zPfeuy&sig=EIJLN7K4bGrGyHd3Xi-eC3KfWIw&hl=en&ei=dtpnS-aHJ82LkAXJ2q3RCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBUQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=indrabhuti%20Sambalpur&f=false] (accessed: Tuesday February 2, 2010), p.11</ref></blockquote>

==King Ja, receiver of gifts from the sky==
According to Nyingma tradition, King Ja (also known as Indrabhuti) taught himself intuitively from "the Book" of the Tantric Way of Secret Mantra (that is Mantrayana) that magically fell from the sky along with other sacred objects and relics "upon the roof of King Ja" according to [[Dudjom Rinpoche|Dudjom]] (1904–1987),'' et al.'' (1991: p. 613 History) this happened on the [[Tibetan calendar]] year of the Earth Monkey, which Dudjom '' et al.'' identify as 853 BC[E].<ref>{{cite book| author1 = Dudjom Jigdrel Yeshe Dorje |author-link1=Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (2nd Dudjom Rinpoche) |first2=Gyurme |last2=Dorje |author-link2=Gyurme Dorje |editor1-last=Kapstein |editor1-first=Matthew |editor1-link=Matthew Kapstein| title=The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals & History |page=613 |date=1991 |location=Boston |publisher=Wisdom Publications |isbn=0-86171-087-8}}</ref> King Ja taught [[Kukuraja]], the "Dog King", from "the Book."<ref>Dorje, Jikdrel Yeshe ([[Dudjom Rinpoche]], author), & translated and edited: [[Gyurme Dorje]] and [[Matthew Kapstein]] (1991). ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History''. Boston, USA: Wisdom Publications. {{ISBN|0-86171-199-8}}, p.460 History.</ref> This date of 853 BC[E] is problematic as it puts the event prior to the dates of the historical [[Buddha Shakyamuni]] circa 500 BCE as well as prior to the emergence of [[Tantra]] in any of its historical permutations according to modern Western peer-reviewed scholarship bar the lineages of the [[Bonpo]] (the dates are according to Bonpo tradition which are contended with) which not 'officially' tantric have many elements akin to tantra traditions. Moreover, it should be stated that the falling of Buddhadharma relics upon a Tibetan royal palace also happened in the case of [[Thothori Nyantsen]] and these two stories (i.e. the story of Thothori Nyantsen and the narrative of King Ja) may have influenced each other as they share a distinctive motif of [[magical realism]].

Dudjom (1904–1987), ''et al.'' (1991: p. 460 History) also include another important source that impacts on this story of King Ja and salient dates for the greater tantric tradition, particularly the dating of the emergence of the texts of [[Anuyoga]] with the provision of a quote of what Dudjom ''et al.'' identify as a "prediction" found in the fifth chapter of the ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>Tantra which Comprises the Supreme Path of the Means which Clearly Reveal All-Positive Pristine Cognition<nowiki>'</nowiki>'' (Wylie: kun bzang ye shes gsal bar ston pa'i thabs kyi lam mchog 'dus pa'i rgyud,'' [[Nyingma Gyubum]]'' Vol.3) which Dudjom, '' et al.'', render in English thus:
<blockquote>The Mahayoga tantras will fall onto the palace of King Ja. The Anuyoga tantras will emerge in the forests of Singhala [Dudjom ''et al.'' identify Singhala as located in [[Ceylon]]].<ref>Dorje, Jikdrel Yeshe ([[Dudjom Rinpoche]], author), & translated and edited: [[Gyurme Dorje]] and [[Matthew Kapstein]] (1991). ''The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism: Its Fundamentals and History''. Boston, USA: Wisdom Publications. {{ISBN|0-86171-199-8}}, p.460 History.</ref></blockquote>

==Indrabhuti, at the time of Tilopa, disciple of Kambalapada==
Choudhury (2007: p. 6) states in relation to Indrabhuti who was the disciple of [[Kambalapada]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 10th century):
<blockquote>
The Sidhacharyas popularised the tenets of vajrayana by composing numerous texts. Indrabhuti, disciple of the saint Kambalapada, created a sensation by composing his famous treatise 'yajnasidhi'.<ref>Choudhury, Janmejaya (2007). "The Antiquity of Tantricism." ''Orissa Review''. September–October - 2007. Source: {{cite web |url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/sept-oct2007/engpdf/Pages05-07.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-01-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304065909/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/sept-oct2007/engpdf/Pages05-07.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2009 |df=dmy-all }} (accessed: January 30, 2008)</ref>
</blockquote>

Indrabhuti learned of 'insight' (Sanskrit: ''[[Wisdom in Buddhism|prajñā]]'') though the instruction of [[Tilopa]] (988–1069 CE).{{Clarify|date=February 2009}}

==See also==
*[[Luipa]]
*[[Dream Yoga]]

==Notes==
<references/>

[[Category:Mahasiddhas]]
[[Category:Indian scholars of Buddhism]]
[[Category:Buddhist yogis]]
[[Category:History of Sambalpur]]
[[Category:People from Sambalpur]]

Indrabhuti - Revision history

>JJMC89 bot III at 02:00, 28 May 2021