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{{Infobox royalty
|name =Indravarma
|title =[[Apracha]] [[King]] ([[Gandhari language|Gāndhārī]]: Apacaraja)
|image= Apracharajas Aspavarama.jpg
|caption =<center>Coin of [[Aspavarma]], mentioning his father Indravarman. '''Obv''' King mounted on a horse, holding a whip. Greek legend around ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ / ΑΖΟΥ. '''Rev''' [[Pallas Athena]] holding spear, and [[triratna]] symbol. [[Kharoshthi]] legend around ''{{IAST|Iṃdravarmaputrasa Aśpavarmasa strategasa jayatasa}}'' "Victorious general Aspavarma, son of Indravarma".</center>
|reign = 1st century
|coronation =
|predecessor =[[Vispavarma]]
|successor =[[Aspavarma]]
|spouse = Uttarā
|issue = {{unbulleted list|
|[[Aspavarma]]
|Unnamed child, parent of [[Sasan (Apraca)|Sasan]]}}
|royal house = Apracharajas
|dynasty = [[Apracha]]
|father = [[Vispavarma]]
|mother = Rukhuṇaka
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|date of burial =
|place of burial =
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
}}
'''Indravarman''' or '''Indravarma''' ([[Kharosthi]]: '''𐨀𐨁𐨎𐨡𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨨''' ''{{IAST|Iṃ-dra-va-rma}}'', ''{{IAST|Iṃdravarma}}''<ref>[[Alexander Cunningham|Cunningham, Alexander]], ''COINS OF THE INDO-SCYTHIANS.'' The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 8 (1888), pp. 199-248</ref>), also called '''Itravasu''' on his coinage, was an [[Indo-Scythian]] king of the [[Apraca]]s, who ruled in the area of [[Bajaur]] in modern northwestern [[Pakistan]]. He was the son of [[Vispavarma]].<ref name=Daniels>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382 ''The World's Writing Systems''], Peter T. Daniels, William Bright, Oxford University Press, 1996, p.382</ref> Indravarma had a son, [[Aspavarma]], commander and later king, known from an inscription discovered at [[Taxila]].<ref name="Srinivasan"/> Aspavarma also mentioned his father Indravarma on some of his coins.

==Bajaur casket==
{{main|Bajaur casket}}
[[Image:BajaurCasket.jpg|thumb|The [[Bajaur casket]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].<ref name=Met>[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38111 notice]</ref>]]
Indravarman is mainly known from his dedicatory inscription on the Bajaur casket, an ancient reliquary from the area of [[Bajaur]] in ancient [[Gandhara]], in the present-day [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] of [[Pakistan]]. It is dated to around 5-6 CE.<ref name=Met/>

The inscription which is written in [[Kharoshthi]], translates into English as:

{{quote|In the sixty third year of the late great king Aya ([[Azes]]), on the sixteenth day of the month of Kartia (Kartika), at this auspicious (?) time, Prince Indravarma (Indravarman), son of the king of [[Apraca]], establishes these bodily relics of Lord Sakyamuni; …. He produces brahma-merit together with his mother, Rukhunaka, daughter of Aji…. And these bodily relics having been brought in possession from the Muraka cave [[stupa]], were established in a secure (?), safe, deep (?), depository…|Text of the Bajaur casket, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].}}

The casket proves the involvement of the [[Indo-Scythian|Scythian]] kings of the [[Apraca]], in particular King Indravarman, in [[Buddhism]].

Indravarma is also known from a seal inscription, which was discovered in Bajaur.<ref name="Srinivasan">[https://books.google.com/books?id=dCz8NczNbcMC&pg=PA269 ''On the Cusp of an Era: Art in the Pre-Kuṣāṇa World''], Doris Srinivasan, Brill, 2007, p.269-270</ref> He may have had a sister named Vasavadatta, who is known from the dedication of a water pot.<ref name="Srinivasan"/>

==Silver reliquary==
{{Main|Apracaraja Indravarman's Silver Reliquary}}
Indravarma is also known for another Buddhist inscription on a silver reliquary in which he mentions him and his father [[Vispavarma]], who was not yet a king. The inscription which is written in [[Kharoshthi]], translates into English as:

{{quote|Prince Indravarma, son of Commander [[Vispavarma]], together with his wife establishes these bodily relics in his own [[stupa]]. Commander Vispavarma and Sisirena, the wife of the Commander, are (hereby) honored. [[Indravasu]], king of [[Apraca]], and his wife Vasumitra, who is the mother of a living son, are (hereby) honored|Opening inscription in [[Gāndhārī language|Gāndhārī Prakrit]] on the [[Apracaraja Indravarman's Silver Reliquary|Silver Buddhist reliquary of Prince Indravarma]].<ref name=Daniels/>}}

The date of the Silver reliquary is thought to be anterior to the [[Bajaur casket]], as Indravarma describes his father as "Commander", rather than the later "King" title. It was probably dedicated in the end of the 1st century BCE.<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/605147?seq=24#page_scan_tab_contents "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman"], Richard Salomon, ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', Vol. 116, No. 3 (July–September 1996), pp. 441</ref>

==See also==
* [[Reliquary]]
* [[Apraca]]
* [[Bajaur]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Baums, Stefan. 2012. “Catalog and Revised Texts and Translations of Gandharan Reliquary Inscriptions.” In: David Jongeward, Elizabeth Errington, Richard Salomon and Stefan Baums, ''Gandharan Buddhist Reliquaries'', pp. 207–208, 233–234, Seattle: Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project (Gandharan Studies, Volume 1).
*Baums, Stefan, and Andrew Glass. 2002– . [https://gandhari.org/catalog ''Catalog of Gāndhārī Texts''], nos. [https://gandhari.org/catalog/cki0241 CKI 241] and [https://gandhari.org/catalog/cki0242 CKI 242]
*{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/601111|jstor=601111 |title=The "Avaca" Inscription and the Origin of the Vikrama Era |author=Richard Salomon |volume=102 |issue=1 |date=January–March 1982 |pages=59–68|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society}}

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{{s-bef|before=[[Vispavarma]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Apracharajas|Apracharaja]]|years=}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Aspavarma]]}}
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{{Indo-Scythians}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Indravarma}}
[[Category:Indo-Scythian kings]]
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:History of Pakistan]]

Indravarma - Revision history

>WOSlinker at 08:13, 13 June 2021