>ShortDescBot at 02:07, 26 February 2021

2021-02-26T02:07:47Z

New page

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{About|an Asian frog species|the South American frog family, genus, and species known as Darwin's frog(s)|Rhinodermatidae}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Charles Darwin's frog
| image =
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = Das, Indraneil | author2 = Dutta, Sushil | author3 = Vijayakumar, S.P. |name-list-style=amp | title = ''Ingerana charlesdarwini'' | volume = 2004 | page = e.T58571A11805014 | date = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58571A11805014.en }}</ref>
| taxon = Ingerana charlesdarwini
| authority = ({{interlanguage link multi|Indraneil Das|fr|lt=Das}}, 1998)
| synonyms = ''Rana charlesdarwini'' <small>Das, 1998</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

'''''Ingerana charlesdarwini''''' (vernacular name: '''Charles Darwin's frog''') is a species of [[frog]]s in the family [[Dicroglossidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Andaman Islands]], [[India]], and is known from the [[South Andaman Island]], [[Long Island (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)|Long Island]], and [[North Andaman Island]].<ref name=Frost/><ref name="Chandramouli 2017"/>

==Taxonomy==
''Ingerana charlesdarwini'' was [[species description|described]] in 1998 as ''Rana charlesdarwini'' by {{interlanguage link multi|Indraneil Das|fr}}, but was moved to the genus ''Ingerana'' in 2006. It remains uncertain whether it truly belongs to ''Ingerana''.<ref name=Frost/><ref name="Chandramouli 2017"/> Later on, specimens labelled as ''Rana doriae andamanensis'' collected by [[Nelson Annandale]] were found from the [[Zoological Survey of India]]. However, Annandale never formally described a taxon using that name, so it is an [[unavailable name]].<ref name="Chandramouli 2017"/>

==Description==
Adult males measure {{convert|25|-|29|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and adult females {{convert|29|-|38|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in [[snout–vent length]]. The snout is rounded and has a blunt tip. The [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] is distinct and exposed; the supra-tympanic fold is well-developed and forms a thick, fleshy ridge. The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are partially webbed. The finger and toe tips bear swollen discs, without circum-marginal grooves. Skin has minute granules scattered all over the dorsum; the venter is smooth. Colouration is variable with three different morphs:
* The first morph is dull olive brown but has a bright orange butterfly-like marking on the [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]] behind the [[occiput]], and a smaller spot of the same colour above the [[Sacrum|sacral]] region. Only very feeble black subocular spots are present, and the limbs lack barred pattern.
* The second type is light tan and has very distinct black bars on the limbs. The dorsum has only a feeble W-like marking on the mid-dorsum and two indistinct orange spots. A mid-dorsal stripe might be present. Under moist conditions, the colour turns dark brown. Males have a dark [[Gular skin|gular]] [[vocal sac]].
* The third morph, which is similar to the [[holotype]], is bright creamy white but with a dark brown patch on the dorsum as well as very thin, creamy white mid-dorsal stripe and two distinct, white subocular spots. Again, males have a dark gular vocal sac.<ref name="Chandramouli 2017"/>

==Habitat and conservation==
''Ingerana charlesdarwini'' have been found in primary evergreen and secondary forests at elevations below {{convert|500|m|abbr=on}}. The eggs are laid in water-filled tree holes.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name="Chandramouli 2017"/> It is threatened by [[habitat loss]] (clear-cutting). The [[type series]] was collected in the [[Mount Harriet National Park]], and the species is also known from the [[Saddle Peak National Park]].<ref name=IUCN/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Chandramouli 2017">{{cite journal |last1=Chandramouli |first1=S. R. |year=2017 |title=Rediscovery and redescription of a little known, insular endemic frog, ''Ingerana charlesdarwini'' (Das, 1998) (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal |journal=Alytes |volume=33 |issue=1–4 |pages=47–54 |url=http://www.amphibians.org/alytes/manuscripts/chandramouli-20170317/ }}</ref>

<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Dicroglossidae/Occidozyginae/Ingerana/Ingerana-charlesdarwini |title=''Ingerana charlesdarwini'' (Das, 1998) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2018 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1594589}}

[[Category:Ingerana|charlesdarwini]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Andaman Islands]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1998]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

Ingerana charlesdarwini - Revision history

>ShortDescBot at 02:07, 26 February 2021