Ajay Kumar at 20:37, 29 August 2023

2023-08-29T20:37:52Z

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[[File:Binnenschiffahrt in Köln.jpg|thumb|250px|Freight ships on the [[Rhine]] in [[Cologne]], [[Germany]] (2012)]]
'''Inland navigation''', '''inland barge transport'''<ref name="Hunt"/> or '''inland waterway transport (IWT)'''<ref name="Hofbauer"/> is a [[transport]] system allowing ships and [[barge]]s to use inland [[waterway]]s (such as [[canal]]s, [[river]]s and [[lake]]s). These waterways have [[inland port]]s, [[marina]]s, quays, and wharfs.<ref name=EU>{{cite web |url=http://www.inlandnavigation.org/nl/about-ine_22.aspx |title=About INE |publisher=Inland Navigation Europe |access-date=2012-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112222614/http://www.inlandnavigation.org/nl/about-ine_22.aspx |archive-date=2012-11-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=US1>{{cite web |url=http://inlandwaterways.lrh.usace.army.mil/ |title=USACE Planning Center of Expertise for Inland Navigation |publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers |access-date=2012-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029054712/http://inlandwaterways.lrh.usace.army.mil/ |archive-date=2012-10-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=US2>{{cite web |url=http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/inland-rules-of-navigation/ |title=Inland Rules of Navigation & Legal Definition |publisher=USlegal Inc.}}</ref><ref name=US3>{{cite web |url=http://www.lrd.usace.army.mil/navigation/ |title=Inland Waterways |publisher=US Army Corps of Engineers |access-date=2012-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041014233343/http://www.lrd.usace.army.mil/navigation/ |archive-date=2004-10-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Environment ==
{{Bar chart
| float = right
| title = Average external costs of freight transport (EU-28, 2016) per transport mode<ref name="Hofbauer">{{Cite journal |last1=Hofbauer |first1=Florian |last2=Putz |first2=Lisa-Maria |date=2020 |title=External Costs in Inland Waterway Transport: An Analysis of External Cost Categories and Calculation Methods |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/14/5874/pdf |journal=[[Sustainability (journal)|Sustainability]] |publisher=MDPI |volume=12 |issue=5874 |pages=9 (Table 11) |doi= 10.3390/su12145874|access-date=29 March 2022|doi-access=free }}</ref>
| label_type = Mode
| data_type = eurocent per [[tonne-kilometre]]
| bar_width = 15
| width_units = em
| data_max = 40
| label1 = Road ([[light commercial vehicle|LCV]])
| data1 = 35.6
| label2 = Road ([[Heavy Goods Vehicle|HGV]])
| data2 = 4.2
| label3 = Rail (diesel)
| data3 = 1.8
| label4 = Rail (electric)
| data4 = 1.1
| label5 = Inland vessel
| data5 = 1.9
}}

Modern researchers have long recognised that inland navigation is a relatively environmentally friendly option for [[freight transport]] compared to other modes of transportation such as [[air cargo|air carriage]] and [[road transport]], and similar to [[rail freight transport]].<ref name="Hunt">{{Cite book |last1=Hunt |first1=Constance Elizabeth |date=2013 |title=Thirsty Planet: Strategies for Sustainable Water Management |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRJjDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT154 |location=London |publisher=Zed Books |pages=154 |isbn=9781848137905 |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Hofbauer"/><ref name="Pauli">{{Cite book |last1=Pauli |first1=Gernot |date=2015 |title=Green Transportation Logistics: The Quest for Win-Win Solutions |chapter=Chapter 14: Emissions and Inland Navigation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDswCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA479 |location=Cham, Switzerland |publisher=Springer |pages=479 |isbn=9783319171753 |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref> Therefore, policy makers have been aiming to shift the volume of cargo transported by more pollutive means towards inland navigation in order to reduce the overall [[Environmental effects of transport|environmental impact of transport]], for example, as part of the [[European Green Deal]] (2019).<ref name="Hofbauer"/> To accomplish this, however, various challenges need to be tackled, including making inland navigation itself less pollutive than it has been, building larger barges and tows to increase their efficiency, and constructing or improving inland waterways [[Navigability|navigable enough]] for the projected volume and size of ships (deep and wide enough, with mega-locks for differences in elevation) to avoid bottlenecks.<ref name="Hunt"/><ref name="Pauli"/> The environmental effects of constructing, operating and maintaining inland navigation also need to be mitigated.<ref name="Hunt"/>

==See also==
* [[Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine]]
* [[Code Européen des Voies de la Navigation Intérieure]] (European Code for Interior Navigation)
* [[Grand Canal (China)]]
* [[Internal waters]]
* [[Navigability]]

==External links==
*[http://www.museonavigazione.eu/en/index.html Museum of Inland Navigation] ([[Battaglia Terme]], [[Padua]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inland Navigation}}
[[Category:Freight transport]]
[[Category:Water transport]]

{{Water-transport-stub}}

Inland navigation - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 20:37, 29 August 2023