Kingofworld at 17:07, 11 January 2026

2026-01-11T17:07:46Z

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{{Short description|Indian physics research institute}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox research institute
|name = Institute for Plasma Research
|image = Institute_for_Plasma_Research_Logo.png
|established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|1986}}
|type = Theoretical & Applied research
|research_field = [[Plasma Physics]]
|director = Dr. Shashank Chaturvedi
|city = [[Gandhinagar]]
|state = [[Gujarat]]
|country = [[India]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|23|05|52|N|72|37|34|E|display=it}}
|zipcode = 382428
|staff = 700 (app.) (200 Scientists & Engineers)
|affiliations = [[Department of Atomic Energy]]
|website = {{URL|www.ipr.res.in}}
}}

[[File:Panoramic View of IPR main building.jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of Institute for Plasma Research main building.]]
The '''Institute for Plasma Research''' (IPR)<ref>{{cite news |title=IPR Gandhinagar team proposes roadmap for India’s fusion power plans |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/ipr-gandhinagar-team-proposes-roadmap-for-indias-fusion-power-plans/article70083807.ece |work=The Hindu |date=26 September 2025 |access-date=11 January 2026}}
</ref> is a [[Public research and development|public]] research institute in [[India]]. The institute conducts research in [[plasma (physics)|plasma]] science, including basic plasma physics, magnetically confined hot plasmas, and plasma technologies for industrial applications. It is the leading plasma physics organization of India and houses the largest [[tokamak]] of India - [[SST-1 (tokamak)|SST1]]. IPR plays a major scientific and technical role in Indian partnership in the international fusion energy initiative [[ITER]]. It is part of the [[Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations|IndiGO]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul John |first= |title=IPR to build world's most powerful gravity-sensing LIGO |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/science/ipr-to-build-worlds-most-powerful-gravity-sensing-ligo/articleshow/51033953.cms |work=The Times of India |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=11 January 2026}}
</ref> consortium for research on [[gravitational waves]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/science/news/gravitational-waves-detection-how-indian-institutes-pitched-in-with-research-801648|title=Gravitational Waves Detection: How Indian Institutes Pitched in With Research|date=12 February 2016 |access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref> It is an autonomous body funded by the [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]].

{{Toclimit}}

== History ==

In 1982, the [[Government of India]] initiated the [[Plasma (physics)|Plasma Physics]] Programme (PPP) for research on magnetically confined high-temperature plasmas.

In 1986, the PPP evolved into the autonomous Institute for Plasma Research under the Department of Science and Technology.

With the commissioning of [[Aditya (tokamak)|ADITYA]] in 1989, full-fledged [[tokamak]] experiments started at IPR.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//projects.html |title=Projects|publisher=Institute for Plasma Research |access-date=2006-03-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218123745/http://www.ipr.res.in/projects.html |archive-date=18 February 2006 }}</ref> A 1995 decision led to the second generation [[superconductivity|superconducting]] steady-state tokamak [[SST-1 (tokamak)|SST-1]], capable of 1000-second operation.{{Clarify|date=August 2022}} Due to this, the institute grew rapidly and came under the [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]].<ref>http://www.hbni.ac.in/cis/ipr.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> The industrial plasma activities were reorganized under the [[Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]] (FCIPT) and moved to a separate campus in [[Gandhinagar]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//history.html |title=History of the Institute |website=Institute for Plasma Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701032014/http://www.ipr.res.in//history.html |archive-date=1 July 2007}}</ref>

== Location ==
The institute is located on the banks of [[Sabarmati River]] in [[Gandhinagar district]]. It is approximately midway between the cities of [[Ahmedabad]] and Gandhinagar. It is 5 km from the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad airport]] and 14 km from the Ahmedabad railway station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//location.html |title=Location |website=Institute for Plasma Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504053633/http://www.ipr.res.in//location.html |archive-date=4 May 2007}}</ref>

== Remote campuses ==

* [[Centre of Plasma Physics - Institute for Plasma Research]] (CPP-IPR)
* ITER-India

=== Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies ===
The [[Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies|Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT)]] works in industrial plasma technologies. The centre was set up in 1997 to promote, foster, develop, demonstrate, and transfer industrially relevant plasma-based technologies to industries, thus enabling technology commercialization. The centre acts as an interface between the institute and industries. While working on industrial projects, FCIPT maintained and improved its R&D strengths and, at the same time, advanced industrial uses.

FCIPT works with national and international industries, such as [[Johnson & Johnson]], ASP Ethicon Inc. USA, UVSYSTEC GmbH Germany, [[Thermax]] India Ltd., Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., IPCL, Larsen & Toubro Ltd., NHPC Ltd., GE India Technology Centre Bangalore, BHEL, Triton Valves Ltd. Mysore, etc. and organizations such as BARC, DRDO, ISRO, IIT Kharagpur, National Aerospace Laboratories, and other CSIR labs. FCIPT has a material characterization laboratory with instruments such as Transmission Electron Microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with EDAX, Atomic Force Microscope, [[X-ray diffractometer]], Spectroscopic Ellipsometer, UV-VIS spectroscopy, solar simulator, thickness profilometer, optical metallurgical microscope with phase analyser, full-fledged metallography laboratory, Vickers hardness tester, and an ASTM B117 corrosion testing setup. Other infrastructure include electronics and instrumentation lab, process demonstration systems, etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plasmaindia.com/Aboutus.html |title=About Us |website=Institute for Plasma Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715092354/http://www.plasmaindia.com/Aboutus.html |archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref>

FCIPT developed technologies related to waste remediation and recovery of energy from waste, surface hardening, and heat treatment technologies such as [[plasma nitriding]] and plasma nitrocarburising, plasma-assisted metallization technologies using magnetron sputter deposition, [[Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition|Plasma-enhanced CVD]] for functional coatings on substrates, plasma melting, plasma diagnostics, and space-related plasma technologies.

Ion irradiation-induced patterning of semiconductor materials and amorphous solids is another focus. To this end, a {{section link|Ion beam|Broad-beam ion sources|nopage=y}} are used to generate patterns such as nanoripples or nanodots and are coated with silver for research in [[plasmonics]].

===Center of Plasma Physics – Institute for Plasma Research (CPP-IPR)===
The Centre of Plasma Physics is an autonomous institute that pursues basic research in theoretical and experimental plasma physics.<ref name=":0" /> Its Governing Council consists of four scientists with representatives from the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad, [[Bhabha Atomic Research Center]], Bombay, and [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta; state government officers and local members.

==== History ====
[[File:Prof. S. Bujarbarua founder CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|Founder of CPP-IPR Prof. S. Bujarbarua]]The government of [[Assam]] established the Centre of Plasma Physics in 1991.<ref name=":0">List of institutions of higher education in Assam</ref> The centre started functioning in April 1991 in a rented house located at Saptaswahid Pathi. The first chairman of the Governing Council was Professor [[Predhiman Krishan Kaw]] (died 18 June 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Staff Page, Institute for Plasma Research |url=http://www.ipr.res.in//staff.html |publisher=Institute for Plasma Research |date=1 February 2010 |access-date=1 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728091145/http://www.ipr.res.in//staff.html |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref>) a world-renowned plasma scientist. After its three-year term, the Governing Council was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of [[Physical Research Laboratory]] as its chairman. The founding director of the centre, Prof. [[Sarbeswar Bujarbarua]], is a distinguished plasma scientist and a recipient of the 'Vikram Sarabhai Research Award' in 1989 and [[Kamal Kumari National Award]]<ref name="cd">{{cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=25..210409.apr09|title=Syam Sharma selected for Kamal Kumari Award|last=Hueiyen News Service |date=20 April 2009|publisher=e-pao.net|access-date=31 December 2009|location=New Delhi}}</ref> in 1993.

Thereafter, the centre opened theoretical investigations in fundamental plasma processes such as nonlinear phenomena, instabilities, [[dusty plasma]]. It has set up facilities for conducting basic plasma physics experiments. Funds are available from several central government agencies (e.g. the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology), the centre has taken up experimental programs in the frontline areas of plasma physics, such as dense plasma focus and dusty plasma. The centre has published more than 50 original research papers. The scientists work in close collaboration with national and international institutes like the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar; [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad; [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]], Bombay; [[Regional Research Laboratory]], Bhubaneswar; [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta, [[Kyushu University]], Japan; [[University of Bayreuth]], Germany; Culham Laboratory, UK; and [[Flinders University]], Australia. The centre runs a PhD programme with students registering with Guwahati University. Another component of the academic activity of the centre consists of holding lecturers and colloquia on plasma physics and other branches of physical sciences.

The Centre of Plasma Physics, Institute for Plasma Research, Sonapur, Kamrup, Assam, became a new campus of IPR as the Centre of Plasma Physics, Sonapur, was formally merged with IPR effective 29 May 2009. CPP-IPR is headed by Centre Director Dr K. S. Goswami and is managed by a Managing Board headed by the director of IPR. It has twelve faculty members, fourteen other staff and research scholars and project scientists. The research is oriented towards essential plasma physics and programs that complement the significant programmes at IPR.

==== Campus ====
The institute's campus is at Nazirakhat, Sonapur, about 32 km from [[Guwahati]], the headquarters of the Kamrup(M) district of [[Assam]]. Nazirakhat is a rural area surrounded by peace-loving people of diverse caste, religion, and language, yet it presents the unique feature of unity in diversity. Nazirakhat is linked by a PWD road from the National Highway No. 37. It is about 800 metres from NH-37. Nazirakhat is connected by road with the rest of the state and the country. The institute is surrounded by greenery near the Air-India flying base at Sonapur.
[[File:Natural view 1 @ CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|A waterfall near the campus]]
[[File:Natural view 2 @ CPP-IPR.JPG|thumb|Another view of the water fall near campus]]

==== Publication ====
Research papers have been published in journals like Phys after the institute's establishment. Scr.,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Saikia | first1=Bipul J | last2=Nambu | first2=Mitsuhiro | title=Plasma–maser Instability in Magnetized Dusty Plasma | journal=Physica Scripta | publisher=IOP Publishing | volume=59 | issue=1 | date=1999-01-01 | issn=0031-8949 | doi=10.1238/physica.regular.059a00062 | pages=62–65| bibcode=1999PhyS...59...62S | s2cid=250859263 }}</ref> Phys. Lett. A,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Nambu | first1=M. | last2=Saikia | first2=B.J. | last3=Gyobu | first3=D. | last4=Sakai | first4=J.I. | title=Nonlinear plasma maser driven by electron beam instability | journal=Physics Letters A | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=252 | issue=3–4 | year=1999 | issn=0375-9601 | doi=10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00944-x | pages=198–204| bibcode=1999PhLA..252..198N }}</ref> Phys. Rev. Lett.<ref>D. Sarmah and S. Sen: Axial flow and Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Phys. Rev. Lett. (1999). Communicated.</ref> and so on<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cpp.faithweb.com/publ.html|title=Centre of Plasma Physics/Research Publications|website=cpp.faithweb.com}}</ref>

==== Collaboration ====
The Centre collaborates with the following institutes and universities:

The [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]], Bombay; [[Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology]], Indore; Institute for Plasma Research, Gandinagar; IPP, Juelich, Germany; IPP, Garching, Germany; [[Kyushu University]], Fukuoka, Japan; [[Physical Research Laboratory]], Ahmedabad; [[National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology]], Bhubaneswar; [[Ruhr University Bochum]], Bochum, Germany; [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]], Calcutta; [[St. Andrews University]], UK; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Tokyo; [[University of Bayreuth]], Germany; and [[University of Kyoto]], Japan.

==== Recognition ====
* S. Sen, Associate Professor, was awarded EPSRC Professorship Award (1998), UK; JSPS Professorship Award (1999), Japan; Junior Membership Award (1999), Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK; and Associateship Award (1999–2005), ICTP, Trieste, Italy.
* S.R. Mohanty, presently assistant professor, was awarded PhD degree by the University of Delhi for his thesis entitled "X-ray studies on dense plasma focus and plasma processing".
* M. Kakati, Research Scientist, was awarded a Senior Research Fellowship of the {{nat|Council}} of Scientific & Industrial Research (1999–2001).
* K. R. Rajkhowa, was awarded the Plasma Science Society of India Fellowship in 1999.
* B.J. Saikia, Research Scientist, was awarded Japan Society for the Promotion of Science post-doctoral fellowship for two years in 1999.
* B. Kakati, Research Scholar, was awarded the BUTI Young Scientist Award in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.butifoundation.org/education.htm|title=List of people who got the award|access-date=20 August 2013|archive-date=3 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903095959/http://butifoundation.org/education.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pssi.in/documents/buti_young_scientist_award.html|title=Buti Young Scientist Award|website=pssi.in}}</ref>

=== ITER-India ===
ITER will be built mostly through in-kind contributions from the participant countries in the form of components manufactured delivered/installed at ITER.

ITER-India is the Indian Domestic Agency (DA), formed with the responsibility to provide ITER the Indian contribution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iter-india.org/|title=ITER-India, Institute for Plasma Research|publisher=ITER-India|website=iter-india.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211030150/https://iter-india.org/|archive-date=11 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iter.org/newsline/2/1167|title=ITER-India|website=ITER}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Aditya (tokamak)]]
* [[Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR)|Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)]]
* [[Department of Atomic Energy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ipr.res.in Official website of the Institute for Plasma Research]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060218123745/http://www.ipr.res.in/projects.html Aditya tokamak]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140620232825/http://www.ipr.res.in/sst1/SST-1.html SST-1 Tokamak]
* [http://www.plasmaindia.com Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies]

{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Nuclear power in India}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Atomic and nuclear energy research in India]]
[[Category:Nuclear technology in India]]
[[Category:Homi Bhabha National Institute]]
[[Category:Plasma physics facilities]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Gujarat]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1986]]

Institute for Plasma Research - Revision history

Kingofworld at 17:07, 11 January 2026