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{{short description|Armed conflict}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Insurgency in [[Tripura]]
| partof = [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
| image = IN-TR.svg
| caption = [[Location]] of [[Tripura]] in the [[map]] of [[India]]
| date = (1990–2012)
 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1990|year2=2012}})
| place = [[Tripura]], [[India]]
| result = [[Indian government]] victory
| territory = [[Indian government]] recaptures the [[territory]] seized by [[rebel groups|rebels]] and withdraws [[Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act|AFSPA]] from [[Tripura]] in 2015.
| combatant1 ={{flag|India|size=25px}} '''Supported by:
'''{{flag|Bangladesh|size=25px}} {{flag|Bhutan|size=25px}}
| combatant2 = [[Tripura National Volunteers|TNV]] (until 1988) {{flagi|Flag of the National Liberation Front of Tripura.png}} [[National Liberation Front of Tripura|NLFT]] [[All Tripura Tiger Force|ATTF]] [[Borok National Council of Tripura|BNCT]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|India|size=25px}} [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] {{flagicon|India|size=25px}} [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] {{flagicon|India|size=25px}} [[Kocheril Raman Narayanan]] {{flagicon|India|size=25px}} [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] {{flagicon|India|size=25px}}[[Pratibha Patil]] {{flagicon|India|size=25px}} [[Pranab Mukherjee]] '''Supported by:
'''{{flagicon|Bangladesh|size=25px}}[[Iajuddin Ahmed]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh|size=25px}}[[Zillur Rahman]] {{flagicon|Bangladesh|size=25px}}[[Abdul Hamid]] {{flagicon|Bhutan|size=25px}}[[Jigme Singye Wangchuk]]
| commander2 = [[Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl]] {{Surrender}} {{flagi|Flag of the National Liberation Front of Tripura.png}} [[Biswamohan Debbarma]] {{POW}} {{flagi|Flag of the National Liberation Front of Tripura.png}} [[Nayanbasi Jamatia]] {{POW}} [[Ranjit Debbarma]] {{POW}}
| strength1 = 28,031 [[Tripura Police|Police Personnel]]
| strength2 = 850-1050 (NLFT) 200-400 (ATTF)
| casualties1 = 457 killed<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://cdpsindia.org/tripura_insurgency.asp|title=Insurgency related fatalities in Tripura|website=cdpsindia.org|date=2019-05-07|access-date=2019-05-19}}</ref>
| casualties2 = 520 killed 1,123 captured<ref name=":1"/>
| casualties4 = 2511 [[civilians]]{{KIA}}<ref name=":1"/>
| notes = '''2008:''' [[Nayanbasi Jamatia]] arrested in [[Bangladesh]]. '''2012:''' [[Biswamohan Debbarma]] and [[Ranjit Debbarma]] arrested in Bangladesh. '''2013:''' Nayanbasi Jamatia handed over to the [[Indian government]]. '''2017:''' Biswamohan Debbarma and Ranjit Debbarma handed over to the Indian government.
}}

The '''insurgency in Tripura''' was an armed conflict which took place in the state of [[Tripura]] between [[India]] and several separatist rebel organisations. It was a part of the wider [[insurgency in Northeast India]] and was fueled by [[Tripuris]].

== Background ==

Tripura, literally meaning land adjoining water, is located in the extreme southwest corner of the Northeast. Following India's independence in 1947, Tripura acceded to the Indian Union in 1948 as a "C" category State. It became a Union Territory in November 1956. Tripura attained full Statehood on 21 January 1972.

Tripura's demography underwent a major change as a result of illegal [[Human migration|migration]] and refugees from former [[East Bengal]] and subsequently from [[Bangladesh]]. Tripuris were pushed to the hills and the [[politics]] and [[Administration (government)|administration]] in the state became dominated by the [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-speaking and immigrants.

It was the particular reason which had created [[national consciousness]] among the [[Tripuri people|local populations]]. The continuous neglect on the [[immigration]] issue had led to a direct confrontation between [[Indian nationalism]] and the newly created [[Tripuri nationalism]]. The parallel rise of [[nationalism]] in the other states of the [[Insurgency in Northeast India|Northeast India]] had further complicated the situation more, resulting in a deadly [[armed conflict]] between [[India]] and [[rebel groups]] thus, creating the insurgency on ethnic lines as a Tribal versus Bengali conflict.

The first militant outfit to form was [[Tripura National Volunteers|Tripura National Volunteers (TNV)]]. It was active until 1988. However, most prominent ones were [[NLFT|National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT)]] and [[All Tripura Tiger Force|All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF)]].

These groups had various demands. NLFT wanted to establish an independent Tripura and ATTF wanted to finalise the Tripura merger agreement. However, all of them wished to remove [[Bangladeshis]] immigrants who had entered [[Tripura]] after 1950 despite their ideological differences.

[[Anti-Bengali sentiment in India#Tripura|Anti-Bengali sentiments of Tripuri rebel groups]] had given birth to the [[United Bengali Liberation Front]]. The group wanted to protect [[Bengalis]] in Tripura from militants. This group was supported by the Bengali Dominated Communist Party which supplied arms and infrastructure.

Internal conflicts among them had divided NLFT into NLFT(B) led by [[Biswamohan Debbarma]] and NLFT(N) led by [[Nayanbasi Jamatia]]. ATTF which was a right wing organisation of NLFT had become its own militant organisation led by [[Ranjit Debbarma]].

Those groups had received the major blow when Biswamohan Debbarma, Nayanbasi Jamatia and Ranjit Debbarma were all arrested in their hideout camps in Bangladesh. It is estimated that some of those armed cadres are still present at their hideout camps at [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], Bangladesh.

From the end of 2020, A resurgence has occurred led by the NLFT with incidents of kidnapping workers and killing of a trader marking the emergence of insurgency in the state again.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{ongoing military conflicts}}

[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Tripuri nationalism]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:History of Tripura]]
[[Category:Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia]]
[[Category:Wars involving India]]
[[Category:2000s in India]]
[[Category:Insurgencies in Asia]]

Insurgency in Tripura - Revision history

Bot at 14:47, 16 December 2022